全面復(fù)習(xí)中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

匯報(bào)人：XX2024-02-03全面復(fù)習(xí)中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法目錄WordsandPhrasesSenseandvoiceClauseandcompoundpresenceNonfineverbsandotherspecialstructuresSubjunctivemoodandmodalverbs01WordsandPhrasesReviewofcommonnouns,verbs,objections,andadvertisementsUnderstandingwordmeaningsandpartsofspeechLearningwordformationanddifferentiationPracticingvocabularythroughreadingandwritingexercises01020304KeyVocabularyReviewFamiliarizingwithcommonphrasesettlementsLearningtousephrasesappropriatelyinsensesUnderstandingphrasemeansandusageincontextPracticingphraseusagethroughspeakingandwritingexercisesPhraselocationandusageIdentifyingcommonfusedwordsandphrasesLearningtodifferentiatebetweensimilarwordsandphrasesAnalysisofConfusedVocabularyUnderstandingthedifferencesinmeaningandusagePracticingtheuseoffusedvocabulariesthroughquizzesandexercisesUnderstandinghowwordsandphrasesareusedinsensesPracticingtheuseofvocabularyincontextthroughpresencecompletionexercisesLearningpresencestructureandgrammarrulesrelatedtovocabularyusageImprovingvocabularyusagethroughreadingandwritingactivitiesTheuseofvocabularyinsenses02SenseandvoiceSimplepresenttense01expressionsactionsorstatesthatoccurregularly,habitually,oraregenerallytrueExample:"Ieatanappleeveryday,""Sheworkshard."Simplepasttense02indicatesactionsorstatesthatoccurredinthepastandarenowcompleted"Wewenttotheparkyesterday,""Theyplayedfootball."Simplefuturetense03referstoactionsorstatesthatwilloccurinthefuture"Iwillgotothelibrarytomorrow,""Shewillfinishherhomenight."Simplepresenttense,simplepasttense,andsimplefuturetensePresentcontinuoustenseexpressionsactionsorstatesthatareoccurringatthemomentofspeakingExample:"IamstudyingEnglishnow,""Theyareplayingbasketball."Pastcontinuoustensedescribeactionsorstatesthatwereinprogressataspecifictimeinthepast"ShewaswatchingTVwhenIcalledher,""Wewerehavingdinnerwhenthephonerang."FuturecontinuoustenseindicatesactionsorstatesthatwillbeinprogressatafuturetimeExample:"Iwillbestudyingformyexamnextweek,""Theywillbeplayingfootballwhenyoudrive."Presentcontinuoustense,pastcontinuoustense,futurecontinuoustenseexpressionsactionsorstatesthatoccurredinthepastandhaveaconnectiontothepresentation"Ihavefinishedmyhome,""Shehaslivedinthiscityfortenyears."Presentperfecttensedescribeactionsorstatesthatoccurredbeforeanotheractioninthepast"WhenIarrived,theyhadalreadyeaten,""Shehadstudiedforhoursbeforetakingtheexam."PastperfecttensePresentperfecttenseandpastperfecttenseCompositionPassivevoiceisformedbyusingtheappropriateformoftheverb"tobe"followedbythepastparticleofthemainverbExample:"Thebookwaswrittenbyhim."UsagePassivevoiceisusedwhenthefocusisontheactioncomparedtothedoer,orwhenthedoerisunknownorunimportantItcanalsobeusedtocreateamoreobjectivetone"Mistakesweremade,""Thedecisionwasannouncedyesterday."TheCompositionandUsageofPassiveVoice03ClauseandcompoundpresenceSubjectClaims:AsubjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasthesubjectofasenseForexample,"Whathesaidwasinteresting."Inthissentence,"Whathesaid"isthesubjectclauseObjectClaims:AnobjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsastheobjectofaverborapositionForinstance,"Iknowthatsheiscoming."Here,"thatsheiscoming"istheobjectclausePredictCases:ApredictclauseisadependentclausethatcompletesthemeaningofalinkingverbandfunctionsasthepredictofapresenceForexample,"Theproblemisthathedoesn'thaveenoughmoney."Inthissense,"thathedoesn'thaveenoughmoney"isthepredicateclauseNounclauses:subjectclauses,objectclauses,predicateclausesDefinition:Anattributiveclauseisadependentclausethatmodifiesanounorpronounandgivesadditionalinformationaboutit.ItisalsoknownasanadaptiveclauseStructure:Attributiveclausestypicallybeginwithrelativepronunciationssuchas"who,""who,""who,""who,""that,""or"which."Forexample,"Themanwhoisstandingoverthereismybrother."Inthissense,"whoisstandingoverthere"istheattributiveclausemodifyingthenoun"man."Usage:AttributiveclausesprovideessentialornonessentialinformationaboutthenountheymodifyEssentialattributeclausesarenecessaryforthepresencetomakesense,whilenonessentialattributeclausesaddextrainformationbutcanberemovedwithoutaffectingthemeaningofthepresenceAttributiveclause:AttributiveclauseDefinition:Anadvisoryclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasanadvisoryinasense,modifyingaverb,advisory,oranotheradvisoryTypes:Thereareseveraltypesofadvisoryclaims,includingtimeclaims(e.g.,"Whendidyoudrive?"),placeclaims(e.g.,"Wheredidyoufindit?"),reasonclaims(e.g.,"Becausehewastired,hewenttobedearly."),andconditionclaims(e.g.,"Ifitrains,we'llstayinside.")Usage:AdvisoryclaimsprovideimportantcontextualinformationaboutthemainclauseofasentenceTheyanswerquestionssuchas"when?,""where?,""why?,"and"underwhatconditions?"Adverbialclauses:AdverbialclausesCombiningsimplesenseswithcoordinatingconnectionscanbesimplifiedbycombiningtwoormoresimplesensesintooneusingcoordinatingconnectionssuchas"and,""but,""or,""so,"etc.Forexample,"Ilikeapples.Ialsolikeoranges."canbesimplifiedto"Ilikeapplesandoranges."Usingborderingconnectionstocreatecomplexsenses:ComplexsensescanbecreatedbyusingborderingconnectionstoconnectindependentanddependentclausesThisallowsfortheexpressionofmorecomplexideaswhilemaintainingasinglepresencestructureForinstance,"Althourhewastired,hecontinuedwalking."Inthissense,"Althour"isasubcoordinatingconnectionconnectingtheindependentclause"hewastired"withthedependentclause"hecontinuedwalking."Reducingthenumberofclaims:Sometimes,compoundintentionscanbesimplifiedbyreducingthenumberofclaimstheycontainThiscanbedonebycombiningideasorrefiningunnecessarydetailsForexample,"Iwanttothestore.Ibouncesomegrooves."canbesimplifiedto"Iwanttothestoreandbouncesomegrooves."Simplificationmethodsforcompoundsenses04NonfineverbsandotherspecialstructuresAsasubjectTheinfinitiveverbcanfunctionasthesubjectofasense,expressinganactionorstatethatisthemainfocusofthesenseForexample,"Tostudyhardisveryimportant."AsanobjectTheinfinitiveverbcanalsoserveastheobjectofcentralverbs,suchas"want,""hope,"and"decision."Forinstance,"Iwanttogohome."AsapredictionInsomecases,theinfinitiveverbcanactasthepredictionofapresence,completingthemeaningofthesubjectForexample,"Mygoalistobecomeadoctor."Theinfinitiveverbservesasthesubject,object,andpredicateAsasubjectAgerundisaverbformthatfunctionsasanoun,anditcanbeusedasthesubjectofasenseForexample,"Studyinghardisessentialforsuccess."AsanobjectGerundcanalsoserveasobjectsofverbs,positions,orobjectivesForinstance,"Ienjoyreadingbooks,""Heisgoodatswimming,"and"Thekeytosuccessispersistence."UsinggerundassubjectsandobjectsAsanadvocateAparticleisaverbformthatcanfunctionasanadvocate,modifyingverbs,objections,orotheradvisorsForexample,"Therunningwatermadeapleasantsound."AsanattributeParticlescanalsobeusedasattributes,modifyingnounsorpronounsForinstance,"Theslimingfacemademefeelwelcome."ParticlesserveasfollowersandattributesNounclauses:NounclausesaregroupsofwordsthatfunctionasnounsinsentencesTheycanserveassubjects,objects,orcompletenessForexample,"Whathesaidsurprisedme"and"Idon'tknowwhereheis."Adverbialclauses:Adverbialclausesaregroupsofwordsthatfunctionasadvertisements,modifyingverbs,objections,orotheradvertisementsTheycanexpresstime,place,cause,condition,process,purpose,result,etc.Forinstance,"Whendidyoudrive?"and"Ifyoustudyhard,youwillsucceed."Appetites:AppetitesarenounsornounphrasesthatrenameordescribeothernounsornounphrasesinthesamesentenceTheyusuallyfollowthenounstheyrenameordescribeandaresetoffbycommasForexample,"Myfriend,John,isadoctor"and"ThecapitalofFrance,Paris,isabeautifulcity."AnalysisofSpecialSentenceStructures05Subjunctivemoodandmodalverbs01FormationofthepastsubjunctionforregularandirregularverbsUseofthepr