口譯教案完整版本

PAGE59-TeachingManualAnIntermediateCourseofInterpretationFortheAcademicYear2008-2009EnglishMajorAnOverviewofInterpretationIIntroductiontotheteachingscheduleIIPreliminaryRecognitiontoInterpretationIIIInterpretationandtheInterpreter3.1Thedevelopmentofinterpretation3.2Thedefinitionofinterpretation3.3ThecharacteristicsofInterpretation3.4Thecriteriaofinterpretation3.5TheProcessofinterpretation3.6TheCategoricalclassificationofinterpretation3.7Atripartitemodelof3.8Interpreterqualificationrequirements3.9InterpreterTraining3.10Researchininterpretationandinterpreting3.11DifficultiesininterpretationGuidingLessonIIntroductiontotheteachingscheduleEighteenweeksclassstudy+oneweekpracticaltraining.Sixteenweeksfinishsixteenunits.TwoWeeksquizzes.Oneweekpracticaltraining.Exam:Finalresult=40%dailywork+60%finalexamresult.Dailywork=30%attendance+40%performance+30%quizzesresults.Finalexamresult=50%oralinterpretation+50%Exampaper.IIPreliminaryRecognitiontotheInterpretationAsanEnglishmajorstudent,haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhatmainsignificanceofforeignlanguagelearningis?Tocommunicatewithforeignculture,exchangetheideaswithforeigners.Orinsomesense,wecansayultimatesignificanceofsecondlanguagelearningistranslation.(Writtentranslationandinterpretation)Sosomescholarsaidinterpretation/translationisnotonlythecontactbetweentwolanguages,butthecollision/clashoftwocultures.Whatisthelanguageandwhatistheinterpretation?Let’slearnitwiththreeexercises.Afterwefinishthesethreeexercises,wewilldrawaconclusiontoanswerthequestions.Directions:ListentothefollowingtwopartsofremarksandthenmakeretellingthemainideasrespectivelyfromChinesetoChineseandfromEnglishtoEnglish.AndinterpretingthethirdpartofwordsfromEnglishtoChinesefirstly,andtheninterpretingitbacktoEnglish.Takingnotesisnotpermitted.ChinesetoChinese(retelling)閉幕式，我們要把掌聲獻給那些在賽場上拼搏了十多天的運動員們。這些全世界最優(yōu)秀的年輕人，來到我們的家鄉(xiāng)，用他們精彩的表現(xiàn)感動了無數(shù)中國人。他們即將離開北京，返回他們的家鄉(xiāng)。相信他們會懷念在北京的難忘經(jīng)歷。而我們更會想念他們，我們會永遠記住這十多天的每時每刻。所以，我們在閉幕式上再次唱響了主題歌《我和你》：我和你，心連心，同住地球村，永遠一家人。(172字)EnglishtoEnglish(retelling)AsIwatchedinfascinationtheChinesefollowtheOlympicGameswithunbridledprideandsenseofaccomplishmentthesepastweeks,IrealizedImayhavewitnessedsomethingwaymoreimportantthanasportinggalahere.WhatIhavewitnessedisaproudpeople,ignitedbyahungertosucceed,savoringthefruitsoftheirconfidence-abolddeclarationofacollectivecan-dothatcomesonlytothosewhodaretodreamandbelieveinit.BarackObamacallsittheaudacityofhope,andwishesitfortheUnitedStates.Thesepastweeks,IhaveseenithappeninChina,Ihaveseen1.3billionpeoplesay"Yeswecan".Thisisthestuffdreamsaremadeof.And,whenIlastchecked,thisdreamwasbeingmassproducedinChina,justthewayitwasintheUSinthelastcentury.Withjobs,dreamsalsoseemtohavesetsailforChina.IstheChineseDreamthenthenewAmericanDream?EnglishtoChinesetoEnglish(interpretation)Onelistensandtranslates,theothergoesoutandthencomesbacktointerpretthetranslationversionbacktosourcelanguageandthencomparethetwoversionsofsourcelanguages.LiketheFiveOlympicRingsfromwhichtheydrawtheircolorandinspiration,theFiveFriendlieswillserveastheOfficialMascotsofBeijing2008OlympicGames,carryingamessageoffriendshipandpeace--andblessingsfromChina--tochildrenallovertheworld.Designedtoexpresstheplayfulqualitiesoffivelittlechildrenwhoformanintimatecircleoffriends,theFiveFriendliesalsoembodythenaturalcharacteristicsoffourofChina'smostpopularanimals--theFish,thePanda,theTibetanAntelope,theSwallow--andtheOlympicFlame.Conclusions:1)Languageisatool,isakindofmessagetransferencewiththesourcelanguagemeaningasmainaxis.2)Andinterpretationistheprocesswhichusesthesimplelanguagetosolvethecomplexthings,notusesthecomplexlanguagetosolvethecomplexthings.IIIInterpretationandtheInterpreter3.1ThedevelopmentofinterpretationReadthetextfromPage3toPage5.Withalonghistory,interpretersandinterpretationplayedaveryimportantroletohumanbeing'slifeoverthepast3000years.3.2ThedefinitionofInterpretation(OnInterpretationByAristotleWritten350B.C.E)1)口譯是指“對口頭表達的信息及文本進行的口頭翻譯”(Shuttleworth&Cowie,1997:82)。Interpretationisavocaltranslationtotheinformationdeliveredbyvocalutteranceandtext.2)Initspurestform,consecutiveinterpretationisamodeinwhichtheinterpreterbeginstheirinterpretationofacompletemessageafterthespeakerhasstoppedproducingthesourceutterance.Atthetimethattheinterpretationisrenderedtheinterpreteristheonlypersoninthecommunicationenvironmentwhoisproducingamessage.ByRobertoSantiago3)Interpretationistheprocesswhichusesthesimplelanguagetosolvethecomplexthings,notusesthecomplexlanguagetodealwiththecomplicatedthings.ByProf.LiuHeping4)Simplyspeaking,bythewriterofthistextbook,interpretationisakindofvocalcommunicativeactivitybylisteningtoanddecodingtheinformationexpressedbythesourcelanguagespeakerandtheninterpretingitintothetargetlanguage.ByProf.MeiDeming3.3ThecharacteristicsofInterpretation*Unpredictability*Bearingonbigpressure*Independency*Comprehensivelanguageandskilloperations*Extensivecommunicativeinformation3.4TheCriteriaofInterpretation*accuracy*fluency3.5TheProcessofInterpretation1)Basicprocess:InformationinputtingInterpretingInformationOutputtingModeoftheinterpretingprocess:SourcelanguageinputtingCodestransferenceTargetlanguageOutputtingContentsoftheinterpretingprocess:InformationawarenessInformationoperationInformationexpression2)Theconcreteprocessinterpretation:InterpreterEncodingEncodingExpressionInformationstorageDecodingReceivingReceivinginformation:Listening:importantsectorTwotunnelsSeeing:aidedmeansPassivereceiving:concentrationonthelanguageformsReceivinginformationActivereceiving:concentrationonthelanguagesenseLanguagecodesDecoding:allroundandmulti-leveldecodingNon-languagecodesRetention(heartmemory)Informationstorage(recording)Note-takingStorage(recording):definition;maintheme;pointsofview;plots;importantpoints;relations(logicandquantitative)Encoding:restructuring(quickly/fluently)Expressing:utterance3.6TheCategoricalClassificationofInterpretationProfessionalclassification:ConsecutiveinterpretationSimultaneousinterpretationCourtinterpretationSightinterpretation(Sightsimultaneousinterpretation)3.7AInterpretingCompetence（譯能)InterpretingTechniques（譯技）InterpretingOperations（譯為）3.8InterpreterQualificationRequirementsConformtotheForeignaffairsdisciplineSolidbilingualbasisCompleteabilityofutteranceQuick-mindedLearnedGoodmanner3.9InterpreterTrainingThethreeelementsofinterpretertrainingareteachers,textbooksandpedagogy.Teachers:bilingualteacherswithlanguageteachingandinterpretingexperiences.Textbooks:1.Currentremarksofgovernmentaffairsorbusinessaffairs2.Systematicprofessionaltrainingtextbooks.Pedagogy:Rightpedagogy+stagesteachingplan=ultimateteachinggoal3.10ResearchinInterpretationandInterpreting1.Generalresearch:Onsomefundamentalquestions2.Specialresearch:Onbilingualresearchorresearchbetweentwocultures3.Appliedresearch:Oninterpretingtechniques,interpretingteachingandtrainingInterpretingSchools:GermanRussianSchoolFraTheinterpretivetheory(lethéoriedel’interprétation)emergedinthelate1960sinFranceandwasconcernedwiththeidentificationofprinciplesgoverningoralinterpretationandwrittentranslationofnon-literarytextsaswellastranslatortraining.Informedbythepracticeofinterpretation,scholarsofthisschoolinsistthattranslationisnotaunidirectionaldecodingoperation,butadynamicprocessinwhichtheinterpreter/translatormakessenseofthesourcemessageandreformulatethemessageinthetargetlanguage.Thispapergivesacriticalreviewoftheinterpretivetheory,focusingonitshistoricalbackground,itsperceptionofthenatureandpurposeoftranslation,anditsanalysisofthetranslationprocess.3.11Difficultiesininterpretation*interpretingtermsofaddressandtitles*interpretingproverbs,sayingsandquotations*interpretingnumbers*note-takingAssignments:PreviewthecontentofnextUnit.UnitOneI.Difficultiesininterpretation*Interpretingtermsofaddressandtitles*interpretingproverbs,sayingsandquotations*interpretingnumbers*note-takingTitlesinterpretation:外事接待中稱謂的口譯是譯員首先面臨的難題。稱謂代表人的職位、職銜、學銜，體現(xiàn)了一個人的資歷和地位。稱謂的誤譯不僅是對有關(guān)人員的不尊重，而且也會產(chǎn)生不良的后果。稱謂的準確翻譯其關(guān)鍵在于譯員對有關(guān)人員的身份及其稱謂的表達是否有一個正確的理解，尤其是對稱謂語的認識。-漢語稱謂中首席長官常以“總”表示，英語稱謂中表示其含義的有：chief,general,head,managing。-漢語中表示副職的頭銜一般都冠以“副”字，而對應的英語稱謂一般使用“vice,associate,deputy,assistant”等詞。-Deputy/assistant（以director表示職位的副職常以deputydirector表示，此外secretary,mayor,dean等頭銜的副職也可冠以deputy）例：海外部主任directoroftheOverseasDepartmentDirector企業(yè)廠長，（中心）主任DivisionChief處長SectionChief科長英聯(lián)邦大學校長PrincipleandVice-chancellor總理：PrimeMinister;Premier;Chancellor英國和日本首相primeminister

中國總理premier

德國、奧地利總理chancellor

primeminister是首相，首席內(nèi)閣大臣，政府首腦。是英國等君主立憲國家用的。

我國的總理在功能上跟首相有類似之處，所以可以類比，甚至可以對等，但在名稱上要有區(qū)別，因為我們是社會主義國家。

我們也有很長一段時間用PM的，后來全部規(guī)范成了premier在加拿大，primeminister也指各省省長，而（state）premier在澳州是各州州長的意思。練習：GeneralManager/President總經(jīng)理GeneralManagerAssistant總經(jīng)理助理DeputyGeneralManager副總經(jīng)理Managingdirector行政總監(jiān)Customersexecutive客戶主任PersonnelManager人事部經(jīng)理ExportSalesManager外銷部經(jīng)理MarketingManager市場銷售部經(jīng)理MarketingExecutive銷售主管MarketingRepresentative銷售代表SalesManager銷售部經(jīng)理Logisticsmanager物流經(jīng)理CEO/CFO(chieffinancialofficer)/COO首席執(zhí)行官/首席財務(wù)官/首席營運官總公司HeadOffice/headquarter分公司BranchOffice營業(yè)部BusinessOffice

人事部PersonnelDepartment人力資源部HumanResourcesDepartment

財務(wù)部GeneralAccountingDepartment

銷售部SalesDepartment進、出口部Import/ExportDepartment廣告部AdvertisingDepartment

研發(fā)部ResearchandDevelopmentDepartment(R&D)黨群部門：ProvincialPublicityDepartmentpropaganda.

theselectedtruths,exaggerations,andliesofwartimepropaganda.

被選擇出來的事實、夸張以及戰(zhàn)時宣傳的謊言中共中央組織部theOrganizationDepartmentoftheCPCCentralCommittee中共中央宣傳部thePublicityDepartmentoftheCPCCentralCommittee中共中央宣傳部theUnitedFrontWorkDepartmentoftheCPCCentralCommittee外資企業(yè)foreign-funded/-investedenterprise合資企業(yè)jointventure/jointly-fundedenterprise獨資企業(yè)exclusively/solelyforeign-fundedenterprise國有企業(yè)stateenterprise/state-ownedenterprise(SOE)國有公司state-ownedfirm集體企業(yè)collectively-runbusiness鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)townshipenterpriseIIInterpretingProverbs,QuotationsandSayings注意收集譯法，做到用時信手拈來。（唐詩三百首的英譯本；《大學》、《中庸》、《孟子》等古籍英譯本）Sayings:形同意合例子：Businessisbusiness.Likefather,likeson.Outofsight,outofmind.形似意合例子：Teachfishtoswim.Beatthedogbeforethelion.Killtwobirdswithonestone.形異意合翻譯此類諺語，應采取“形相遠意相近”的方法，即以完全不同的詞語將甲方語句的寓意準確地傳達給乙方。Latefruitkeepswell.大器晚成。Allyourswansaregeese.事與愿違。Thepotcallsthekettleblack.五十步笑百步。歇后語口譯：翻譯其后半部分所表達的主要含義。黃鼠狼給雞拜年--不懷好意。

AweaselwishingHappyNewYeartoachicken-harboringnogoodintention.八仙過海--各顯其能。

(Like)theEightImmortalscrossingthesea-eachshowinghisorherspecialprowess.(Eachofthemshowstheirtrueworth).兔子尾巴長不了。

Thetailofarabbit-cannotbelong;won'tlastlong.IIIFiguresInterpretingDifferencesinthewayofexpressingthefiguresinChineseandEnglish:1.Digit2.Time3.Unit英語和漢語的數(shù)位分段英語三段法：個位；十位；百位；千位；十千；百千；百萬；十百萬；百百萬；．．．．．．漢語四段法(十進制)個位；十位；百位；千位；萬位；十萬．．．．．．億億萬ＸＸ，ＸＸＸ，Ｘ′ＸＸ，ＸＸ′Ｘ，ＸＸＸ例：英語：hundredthousandmillionbilliontrillionquadrillionKMBT倍數(shù)的表達AisXtimesaslargeasA;AisXtimeslargerthanB.1)Xtimesas…as…或Xtimesthe…of兩倍Twiceas…as…/twicethe…of三倍threetimesas…as…/threetimesthe…of…四倍fourtimesas…as…/fourtimesthe…of…五倍fivetimesas…as…/fivetimesthe…of…Eg.這條河是門前小溪的三倍長。Thisriveristhreetimesaslongas/threetimesthelengthofthebrookinfrontofthehouse.2)用toincreaseby…表達兩倍toincreaseby100%三倍toincreaseby200%四倍toincreaseby300%五倍toincreaseby400%Eg.今年進口的糧食翻了一番。Theimportedgrainthisyearhasincreasedby100%.3)用double表達兩倍todouble三倍totriple四倍toquadruple五倍toquintuple六倍以上就很少有這種用法了。計量單位的表達：中國傳統(tǒng)的計量單位：斤；里；畝；國際通用計量單位公斤；公里；公頃hectare換算：一公斤＝２斤一公里＝２里一公頃＝１５畝畝”是我國的地積單位，它與我國的市制長度單位“丈”、“尺”和市制面積單位“平方丈”、“平方尺”有著密切的關(guān)系：因為1畝=60平方丈，1平方丈=100平方尺，所以，1畝=6000平方尺。又因為1平方米=9平方尺，所以，1畝=6000/9=2000/3平方米。也就是：1例子：長春工程學院現(xiàn)有西校區(qū)（寬平大路）、東校區(qū)（同志街）和南校區(qū)（前進大街）等三個校區(qū)，占地總面積52.50萬㎡；各類校舍總建筑面積47.94萬㎡；運動場地總面積10.37萬㎡；52.50萬㎡＝７８７畝＝５３公頃47.94萬㎡＝７１９畝＝４８公頃10.37萬㎡＝１５５畝＝１０公頃(記錄時就記XXhectares)口譯練習：自從實行鄧小平先生倡導的改革開放政策以來，中國發(fā)生了前所未有的深刻變革。從１９７８年到２００８年的３０年間，中國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值從１４７３億美元增長到１6４9４億美元，年均增長９．４％，進出口總額從206億美元增長到11548億美元，年均增長超過１６％。國家外匯儲備從１．６７億美元增長到６０９９億美元。農(nóng)村貧困人口從２．５億人減少到２６００萬人。中國的綜合國力顯著增強，人民生活顯著改善。SincetheadoptionofthepolicyofopeninguptotheoutsideworldproposedbyMr.DengXiaoping,Chinahadtheunprecedentedprofoundchanges.Overthe30yearsfrom1978to2008,China’sGDPincreasedfrom147.3billionUSDto1.6494trillionUSD,theannualincreasingratereachesto9.4%.ThetotalvolumeofExportandImportincreasedfrom20.6billionUSDto1.1548trillionUSD,theannualincreasingrateexceeds16%.ThestateForeignExchangeReserveincreasedfrom0.167billionUSDto609.9billionUSD.Thenumberofruralpoorpopulationreducedfrom0.25billionto26million.China’scomprehensivenationalstrengthremarkablyimprovedandChina’speople’slive億＝hundredmillionIII.Note-takingininterpretingPrinciples:記要點；忌全記（概念、命題、名稱、數(shù)字、組織機構(gòu)、邏輯關(guān)系）快記、精記；忌潦草使用譯入語（也可以使用目標語或雙語）技巧：帶活頁圈的上翻式記錄本。（課堂演示可用Ａ４紙張３或４折）。使用縱向階梯式縮進機構(gòu)。多分行。兩邊留白。（邏輯關(guān)系）演示ＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸ例：中國是一個發(fā)展中國家，美國是一個發(fā)達國家，中美應攜手為世界的和平和穩(wěn)定共同努力。中ｄｅｖｅｉｎｇ美deveped共力?記筆記的時候，筆向右走，讀筆記的時候眼睛往下走。左邊留白寫關(guān)聯(lián)詞：因為；所以；第一；第二等。方便自己清晰筆記內(nèi)容的結(jié)構(gòu)。右邊留白做信息的補充：inadditionto…UnitTwoInterpretingforReceptionService2-1GreetingsattheAirport2-2HotelAccommodation2-3BanquetService2-4GettingAroundI．Review1)Languageisatool,isakindofmessagetransferencewiththesourcelanguagemeaningasmainaxis.2)Andinterpretationistheprocesswhichusesthesimplelanguagetosolvethecomplexthings,notusesthecomplexlanguagetosolvethecomplexthings.II.IntroductionTobealiaison-escortinterpreter,firstofall,youshouldbeclearthattheinterpretingwayisbyliaison-escortinterpreting,OneorTwowayinterpretingorConsecutiveInterpreting.Second,asaninterpreter,youshouldbeclearinadvancethatthetwoparties(hostsandguests)representatives’identitiesintheinterpretingoccasion.Third,asaninterpreter,youalsoshouldbecleartheprocedureofforeignreceptionservice:Airporttohoteltobanquethall.III.技巧點撥（1）：漢譯英中定語從句的處理InChinese,theattributivepartsarealwaysputbeforethesubject;whileinEnglish,theyarealwaysputbehindthesubject.Andwhenthesubjectismodifiedbyseveralattributiveparts,commonlywearrangethemfromsmallunitstobigones.①漢語定語前置、英語定語后置例一:我是海通集團人力資源部經(jīng)理戴嘉佳。譯：I’mDaiJiajia,thePersonnelManagerofHaitongGroup.例二：我是上海郵電服務(wù)發(fā)展公司海外部主任陳天明。定語中心詞譯：I’mChenTianming,thedirectorofoverseasdepartmentofShanghaiPost&TelecommunicationservicedevelopmentCompany.例三：中國共產(chǎn)黨第十六次全國代表大會，是我們黨在新世紀召開的第一次代表大會，也是我們黨在開始實施社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)第三步戰(zhàn)略部署的新形勢下召開的一次十分重要的代表大會。譯：The16thCPCNationalCongressisthefirstofitskindheldbythePartyinthenewcenturyanditisaveryimportantcongressconvenedbythePartyinthenewsituationinwhichChinahasbeguntotakethethirdstepofthestrategicplanforsocialistmodernization.

Eg.中國長春工程學院的學者們ScholarsatChina’sChangchunInstituteofTechnology②拆分法例一:我是上海郵電服務(wù)發(fā)展公司海外部主任陳天明。定語中心詞譯：I’mChenTianmingfromShanghaiPost&TelecommunicationsServiceDevelopmentCompany.//I’mdirectorofthecompany’sOverseasDepartment.例一:我是海通集團人力資源部經(jīng)理戴嘉佳。譯：I’mDaiJiajiafromHaitongGroup.IamthePersonnelManager.2.表示第一人稱主觀情感、態(tài)度的句式①I’mveryhappy/pleased/glad/delightedthat②It’sagreatpleasureformeto③Itgivesmegreatpleasureto④Itisagreathonorforme⑤Itgivesmeagreathonor例一：我為自己能受到貴方的友好邀請，與一組中國優(yōu)秀的汽車專家合作共事而深感愉快和榮幸。ItismygreatpleasureandprivilegetohavereceivedyourgraciousinvitationandworkwithadistinguishedgroupofChina’sautomobilespecialists.例二：我們非常榮幸和高興地邀請到國務(wù)院總理溫家寶與采訪十屆全國人民代表大會三次會議的中外記者見面，并回答大家的提問?，F(xiàn)在請溫總理先講幾句話。ItisgreatpleasureandprivilegedforustohavePremierWenJiabaoheretomeetthejournalistsandreporterswhotakecoveragethe3rdSessionofthe10thNationalPeople’sCongressandansweryourquestions.Now,we’dliketoinvitePremiertogiveusafewremarks.例三：今天，有機會參加博鰲亞洲論壇2004年年會，我感到十分高興。首先，我代表中國政府，對各位朋友的到來，表示熱烈的歡迎！ItgivesmegreatpleasuretoattendtheBoaoForumforAsia2004AnnualConferencetoday.Letmebeginbyextending,onbehalfoftheChinesegovernment,mywarmestwelcometoallofyoupresenthere.例四：各位，晚上好，今天我們在此舉辦晚宴，招待各位親愛的朋友和敬業(yè)的專家，慶賀我們的會談取得圓滿成功，我感到非常高興。我特別感謝凱蘭女士大駕光臨。沒有凱蘭女士的最后努力，還不知道現(xiàn)在會怎么樣呢，恐怕我們還在談判之中。LadiesandGentlemen:goodevening.Itgivesmeagreatpleasuretohostthebanquetinhonorofourdearfriendsanddedicateexperts,andcelebratethesuccessfulconclusionofourtalks.Inparticular,I’dliketothankMs.Kellandforhercoming.Withoutherlast-minuteeffort,wewouldstillbeinthemiddleofnowhere,probablyinthemiddleofnegations,I’mafraid.3.四字格短語的翻譯漢語詞匯浩如煙海，其中四字格隨處可見。四字格通俗的講,是四字短語或詞組,既指慣常使用的,約定俗成的四字短語,尤其是四字成語,又可指臨時根據(jù)語境需要組合而成的四字詞組。四字格語意精練，形象生動，音韻優(yōu)美，是漢語詞庫中的瑰寶，充分表現(xiàn)了漢語的博大精深。這些四字格短語有的是經(jīng)過長期使用凝練出的成語，一個典故、一種現(xiàn)象或一條哲理自然而然地濃縮于四字之中，妙不可言；還有些四字格意思淺顯易懂，是普通詞匯固定下來的，它們往往抑揚頓挫，整齊劃一，讀起來朗朗上口。正是因為四字格短語具有其它語言形式難以取代的優(yōu)勢，所以一直在漢語中被廣泛使用。熟練掌握漢語的四字格短語，充分理解、挖掘英語原文的深刻含義，譯文與原文在意義上應動態(tài)對應，不要形式對等。例：不辭辛勞sparenopain;makeitinspiteofthetiringtrip設(shè)宴洗塵holdareceptionlunchinyourhonor原滋原味originalflavor特色點心specialsnack皮薄汁醇withthin(andtranslucent)wrappersandrichintastysoap皮脆肉嫩crispyskinandtendermeat酸甜適口withsweetandsoarsource走馬觀花castingapassingglanceatflowerswhileridingonhorseback言歸正傳comebacktothesubject/story綠草成蔭Boastingstretchesofgreengrass綠樹成林Forestsofgreentrees流水潺潺streammurmuring鳥兒啁啾birdschirping四季花香fragrantflowersblossomingallyearround以綠引資attractinginvestmentwithgreenenvironment以資養(yǎng)綠maintainingagreenenvironmentwithinvestment素雅幽靜theenvironmentisenvelopedinapeaceful,elegantandrelaxingatmosphere.色香味型color,aroma,flavorandappearance中國菜名翻譯新版《中文菜單英文譯法》中的大部分中文菜名，以主料、烹飪方法、形狀或口感、人名或地名等幾種為主來翻譯。其中，具有中國餐飲特色的傳統(tǒng)食品，使用漢語拼音命名，如餃子Jiaozi；具有中國特色且被外國人接受的菜名，使用方言來拼寫或音譯拼寫，如豆腐Tofu；中文菜肴名稱難以體現(xiàn)其做法及主配料的，使用漢語拼音，并在其后標注英文注釋，如佛跳墻Fotiaoqiang(SteamedAbalonewithShark'sFinandFishMaw)。給中國菜一個相對統(tǒng)一的英文菜名確實是一件非常有意義的事情，但是難度也非常大?！坝⑽牟嗣麘摵啙嵰锥?，但是菜名往往肩負著解釋菜品原料味道的作用，而中國菜經(jīng)常需要三四種甚至七八種原材料，要想說清楚菜的原料就要有七八個單詞，如何簡潔菜名是很值得思考的。”每一道中國菜背后都有很深厚的文化韻味，許多菜名甚至還有典故，比如“叫花雞”、“麻婆豆腐”、“貴妃醉雞”，這些擁有典故的菜名正體現(xiàn)著中國飲食文化的特色，但是完全直譯不能說清楚菜品的由來，要想講明白典故又太過復雜。究竟如何翻譯才能兼顧文化和實用是菜名翻譯的重頭戲。錯誤的翻譯：“四喜丸子”，翻譯成英文是“Fourgladmeatballs”（四個高興的肉團）

“麻婆豆腐”翻譯成“滿臉雀斑的女人制作的豆腐”Tofumadebyagirlwithseriousskinproblem!"鐵板牛肉"翻譯成"有皺紋的鐵牛肉"Corrugatedironbeef)；

"宮堡雞"則被翻譯成"政府虐待雞"(Governmentabusechicken)；

"生魚塊"成了"砍那陌生的魚"(Chopthestrangefish)

“童子雞”翻譯成“還沒有性生活的雞(ChickenWithout**ualLife)”

“口水雞”譯成“流口水的雞(SlobberingChicken)”

“回鍋肉”翻譯成“烹了兩次的豬肉(Twice—cookedpork)IV.InterpretingexercisesSentenceinFocusP.64翻譯技巧補充：表示方位接壤的英文表達JingheHigh-TechParkenjoysasuperiorlocation,withtheCapitalBeijingasthebackdrop,facingUnitThreeInterpretingConversations3-1Welcome3-2AWishtoInvest3-3EstablishingaJiontVenture3-4CulturalDifferencesITechniques1.副詞的巧用例一：基本情況是這樣的，外國直接在華投資可以在最大程度上發(fā)揮有關(guān)雙方的優(yōu)勢。譯：Basically,directforeigninvestmentinChinamaximizethestrengthsofbothpartiesconcerned.Basically=Thebasicsituationisasfollows:例二：就我個人來說，我希望你們在上海的浦東地區(qū)投資。Personally,IlikeyoutoinvestinPudongareaofShanghai.Personally=Accordingtomypersonalopinion,…例三：Initially,Iwouldliketoembarkonthisjointventurebusinessatamoderaterate,withasafescale.在合作建立合資企業(yè)初期，我想以一個合適的速度和穩(wěn)妥的規(guī)模來進行。2.并列長句的處理：簡化法：英漢兩種語言的長句翻譯起來均較難處理，通常采用的技巧是考慮怎樣使句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、明了化。在從分理解原句的基礎(chǔ)上，對各子句進行全新的邏輯安排，給出較為簡化易懂的譯文。例一：中國幅員遼闊，自然資源豐富，……以及誘人的投資環(huán)境。譯（一）：Chinahasmassiveland,abundantnaturalresources,hugecheaplabor,lowtaxation,agrowingconsumermarket,improvinginfrastructureandofcourse,astablesocialandpoliticalenvironmentwithattractiveinvestmentpolicies.譯（二）：Chinahasmassiveland.ThenaturalresourcesinChinaarerichandthecheaplaborishuge.Andthetaxationislow.What’smore,theconsumermarketisgrowingandinfrastructureisimproving.Andofcourse,hereinChinawehaveastablesocialandpoliticalenvironmentwithattractiveinvestmentpolicies.例二：由于我們最近幾年宏觀調(diào)控的成功，采取了適當從緊的財政和貨幣政策，控制了貨幣的發(fā)行，我們的通貨膨脹速度很低，通貨膨脹的指數(shù)很低。因此我們有可能拿出較多的財力來刺激國內(nèi)的需求。我講的這個需求就是加強基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，鐵路，公路，農(nóng)田，水利，市政，環(huán)保設(shè)施等等方面的建設(shè)，加強高新技術(shù)的提高，加強現(xiàn)有企業(yè)的技術(shù)改造，提高國民經(jīng)濟的需求。Thankstothesuccessinthemacroregulationandthecontroleffortsoverthepastseveralyearsandalsoamoderatelytightmonetaryandfiscalpolicythatwehaveadopted,wehaveeffectivelycontrolledthecurrencyissueovertheyearsandtheinflationindexhasbeenkeptatalowlevel.So,giventhesegoodconditions,wehavethepossibilityof“channelingmorefinancialresourcesto“stimulatethedomesticdemand.Bystimulatingdomesticdemand,Imeanwewillincreaseinvestmentintheconstructionofinfrastructuressuchashighways,railways,andalsothefarmlandconstructionandwater”conservancyfacilitiesandmunicipalfacilitiesandenvironmentalprotectionfacilities.Wearealsoincreasinginvestmentinthehighandthenewtechnologyindustriesandinthetechnical”upgradingoftheexistingenterprises.So,allinall,wearetoincreasethedemandofthewholenationaleconomy.例三：我從群眾的意見中嘎受到大家對政府工作的期待和鞭策，也看到了一種信心和力量。我們的國家和民族正站在歷史的新的起點上，面對新的任務(wù)，需要更加清醒、更加堅定、更加努力。譯：Icouldalsoappreciatetheconfidenceandstrengthreflectedinthosecomments.Ourcountryandournationnowstandatanewhistoricalstartingpoint.Infaceofnewtasks,weneedtobeevenmoresober-minded.Weneedtostayfirmlyontherightcourse,andweneedtoworkevenharder.3.主題結(jié)構(gòu)的使用主題結(jié)構(gòu)：在口譯的過程中，原語發(fā)言人大段的語言表達通常具有鮮明的邏輯主題，在記憶的過程中，將主題提煉出來，是信息邏輯化記憶的一種手段。在翻譯成目標語時，用withregardto;intermsof;asfor;by…等引導主題出現(xiàn)的關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)，使得聽眾首先抓住發(fā)言的主題，對于理解整段發(fā)言的含義有積極的作用。例一：投資興辦合資企業(yè)時，通常外方提供資金、機械設(shè)備、先進技術(shù)和管理方法，而中方則提供土地、勞動力以及部分用于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的資金。至于外方獨資企業(yè)嘛，外商提供所有資金，賺取所有利潤，同時承擔所有風險。你可以選擇自己喜歡的方式經(jīng)營獨資公司，當然不可超越中國法律。Withajointventure,aforeignpartnerusuallybringsintotheenterpriseorbusinesscapitalfunds,machinery,advancedtechnologyandmanagement,whiletheChinesepartnersuppliesland,laborandaportionofthefundsfortheinfrastructure.Thebusinessisthenjointlyrunbybothparties.Asforthesolelyforeign–fundedbusiness,youprovideallthefundsandtakeallthebenefits,aswellasalltherisks.Youcanrunthecompanyinwhateverwayyouprefer,withintheboundaryofChineselaws,ofcourse.UnitFourInterpretingInterviews(Omitted)UnitFiveInterpretingCeremonialSpeechesText1RevisitingtheOldHautText2AText3OurFutureText4A□禮儀祝辭屬于“演辭式話語”，它在口譯中最為常見，最能體現(xiàn)譯員的口譯水平?！醵Y儀祝詞語言通常華麗精美，發(fā)言人常引經(jīng)據(jù)典，出口成章，因此在訓練中要防止望文生義，詞匯貧乏，句型單一的現(xiàn)象。Teachingobjective:MakestudentsknowwhySTMissoimportantininterpretation;Makestudentsgraspthecomponentsofatoast,awelcomingaddress,anaddressforthanks,goodwillandcongratulationandlearntointerpretthem.Teachingrequirements:Teachersmustintroducetostudentsthemethodsofmemorizingininterpretation:1.Howtointerpretatoast:componentsofatoast,awelcomingaddress,anaddressforthanks,goodwillandcongratulation2.Studentsinterpretgroupsofsentencesonexpressingone’swelcome,thanks,goodwillandproposingatoast4.Understandhowtomakeapreparationfortheinterpretingtasks.5.Findwaystoimproveyourinterpretingskillsandperformance.6.Masterthebasicwordsandexpressionsaboutceremonialaddress.7.Knowsomeculturalbackgroundknowledgeaboutceremonialaddress.Mainpoints:1.Componentsofceremonialspeecheslikeatoast,awelcomingaddress,anaddressforthanks,goodwillandcongratulation2.SampleSentences3.Techniquesintroduction-Preparationsbeforeinterpreting-Language(Idioms)InterpretationTextStudy基本詞匯開幕/閉幕式opening/closingceremony

開幕詞openingspeech/address

致開幕詞makeanopeningspeech

友好訪問goodwillvisit閣下Your/His/HerHonor/Excellency

貴賓distinguishedguest

尊敬的市長先生RespectedMr.Mayor

遠道而來/來自大洋彼岸的朋友friendscomingfromadistantland/theothersideofthePacific

東道國hostcountry宣布……開幕declare……open

值此之際ontheoccasionof

借此機會takethisopportunityto

以……名義inthenameof

本著……精神inthespiritof

代表onthebehalfof

由衷的謝意heartfeltthanks

友好款待gracioushospitality

正式邀請officialinvitation

回顧過去lookbackon

展望未來lookahead/lookintothefuture

最后inclosing

圓滿成功acompletesuccess

提議祝酒proposeatoast一貫奉行

in

persistent

pursuit

of

平等互利

equality

and

mutual

benefit

雙邊關(guān)系

bilateral

relations

持久和平

lasting

peace典型例句

1.我愿借此機會，代表我們代表團的全體成員，對我們東道主的誠摯邀請，表示真誠的謝意。

Onthebehalfofallthemembersofmymission,Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressoursincerethankstoourhostfortheirearnestinvitation.

2.現(xiàn)在，我愉快地宣布第二十二屆萬國郵政聯(lián)盟大會開幕。

Now,Ihavethepleasuretodeclarethe22ndUniversalPostalCongressopen.

3.我很榮幸地代表中國政府和人民向來自聯(lián)合王國的代表團表示熱烈的歡迎。

IhavethehonortoexpressthiswarmwelcomeonbehalfoftheChineseGovernmentandpeopletothedelegationfromtheUnitedKingdom.

4.我謹向各位表示最熱烈的歡迎。

Iwouldliketoextendmywarmestwelcometoallofyou.

5.我預祝大會圓滿成功！

Iwishtheconferenceacompletesuccess!ClassPerforming課堂練習I.Decoding--NotesTaking（筆記記