中考英語語法知識點總結(jié)與歸納

匯報人：XX2024-02-05中考英語語法知識點總結(jié)與歸納目錄WordsandPhrasesSenseandvoiceThesubgradeclauseisconsistentwiththesubjectverbNonfineverbsandmodalverbsSubjunctivemoodandinvertedsenses01WordsandPhrasesIdentifythemostfrequentlytestedwordsandphrasesintheexamUnderstandthemeaningsandusesofthesewordsandphrasesBeabletousethesewordsandphrasescorrectlyinsentencesKeywordsandphrasesUnderstandthedifferencesbetweensimilarphrasesPracticeusingphrasesincontexttoimprovefluencyLearncommonphrasesettlementsandtheirusagePhraselocationandusageIdentifycommonfusedvocabularyitemsUnderstandthedifferencesinmeaningandusagebetweentheseitemsPracticedifferentiationbetweenfusedvocabulariesinsensesAnalysisofConfusedVocabularyLearnhowtousevocabularyeffectivelyinsensesUnderstandtheimportanceofwordorderandgrammarinpresenceconstructionPracticewritingsensesusingavarietyofvocalitemsTheuseofvocabularyinsenses02SenseandvoiceSimplepresenttense01expressionsbits,routes,orgeneraltruths"Ieatanappleeveryday,""Sheworksinabank."Simplepasttense02describeactionsorstatesthatoccurredinthepastandarenowcompleted"Wewenttotheparkyesterday,""Theyplayedfootballlastweek."Simplefuturetense03indicatesactionsorstatesthatwilloccurinthefuture"IwillgototheCinemaTomorrow,""Shewillfinishherhomenight."Simplepresenttense,simplepasttense,andsimplefuturetensePresentcontinuoustenseexpressionsactionsorstatesthatarehappeningnowExample:"Iamstudyingfortheexam,""Theyareplayingbasketball."Pastcontinuoustensedescribeactionsorstatesthatwereinprogressataspecifictimeinthepast"ShewaswatchingTVwhenIcalledher,""Wewerehavingdinnerwhenthephonerang."Futurecontinuoustenseindicatesactionsorstatesthatwillbeinprogressataspecifictimeinthefuture"Iwillbestudyingonroadnextyear,""Theywillbeplayingfootballwhenyoudrive."Presentcontinuoustense,pastcontinuoustense,futurecontinuoustenseexpressionsactionsorstatesthathaveoccurredinthepastandhavesomeconnectionstothepresent"Ihavefinishedmyhome,""Shehaslivedinthiscityforfiveyears."Presentperfecttensedescribeactionsorstatesthathaveoccurredbeforeanotherpastactionorstate"WehavefinishedtheirworkbythetimeIarrived."PastperfecttensePresentperfecttenseandpastperfecttensePassivevoiceisformedbyusingthepastparticleoftheverb,receivedbytheauxiliaryverb"be"(am,is,are,was,were,were,were,were)or"get."Examples:"Thebookwaswrittenbyhim,""Thehouseisbeingpaid."CompositionPassivevoiceisusedwhenthefocusisontheactioncomparedtothedoer,orwhenthedoerisunknownorunimportantItcanalsobeusedtocreateamoreobjectivetone"Examples:"Mistakesweremadeinthereport,""Thedecisionhasbeenmade."UsageTheCompositionandUsageofPassiveVoice03ThesubgradeclauseisconsistentwiththesubjectverbAsubjectclausefunctionsasthesubjectofthemainclauseForexample,"Whathesaidwasinteresting."Inthissentence,"Whathesaid"isthesubjectclauseAnobjectclassfunctionsastheobjectofaverborapositioninthemainclassForexample,"Idon'tknowwhereheis."Here,"whereheis"istheobjectclauseApredictclausefunctionsasthepredictofthemainclause,completingthemeaningofthesubjectHowever,thistermisnotcommonlyusedinEnglishgrammar,andthepredicateiscommonlyexpressedbyaverborverbphraseinthemainclauseSubjectclauseObjectclassPredictclauseNounclauses(subjectclause,objectclause,predicateclause)DefinitionAnattributiveclauseisatypeofsuborderclausethatmodifiesanounorpronouninthemainclause,providingadditionalinformationaboutitStructureAttributiveclausestypicallybeginwithrelativepronunciations(soaswho,which,that)orrelativeadvertisements(soaswhere,when)Example"ThebookthatIreadwasinteresting."Inthissense,"thatIread"istheattributiveclausemodifyingthenoun"book"AttributiveclauseAnadvisoryclauseisagroupofwordsthatfunctionsasanadvisory,modifyingaverb,advisory,oranotheradvisoryinthemainclauseDefinitionAdverbialclaimscanexpresstime,place,cause,condition,process,purpose,result,ormanagerTypes"BecauseIwastired,Iwenttobedearly."Inthispresence,"BecauseIwastired"isthetransitionalclauseexpressingthecauseExampleAdverbialclausePrincipleTheprincipleofsubjectverbconsistencystatesthatthesubjectandverbmustagreeinnumber(singularorplural)Thismeansthatifthesubjectissingular,theverbmustalsobesingular,andviceverseApplicationThisprincipleappliestoallsensesinEnglish,regulationsoftheircomplexityEveninsenseswithsubborderclauses,thesubjectandverbofthemainclausemuststillagreeinnumberExample"Thecatplayswiththeball."Inthissense,thesubject"cat"issingular,sotheverb"plays"isalsosingulartomaintainsubjectverbconsistencyThePrincipleandApplicationofSubjectverbConsistency04NonfineverbsandmodalverbsExpressactions,states,orobjectivesthatdonothaveaspecifictenseorsubjectCommonlyusedasnouns,objections,oradvertisementsinsentimentsFormedbyadding"-ing"tothebaseformoftheverb,gerundfunctionasnounsinpresence,expressingactionsorstatesIncludingpresentparticles(endingin"-ing")andpastparticles(differentformsdependingontheverb),particlescanfunctionasobjectivesorverbsinpresence,expressingpastactionsorcompletedactionsInfinitiesGerundParticlesTypesandFunctionsofNonfineVerbs0102Can/CouldExpresslikelihood,ability,permission,orpolicyrequestsMay/LightExpresslikelihood,permission,orpolicyrequestswithlessintegritythan"can/court"MustExpressopposition,necessity,orstrongprobabilityHill/ShouldExpressfutureactionsorobservations,with"should"ofexpressingadvice,suggestion,orprobabilityWill/WouldExpressfutureactions,decisions,orhats"Would"isoftenusedtoexpresspasthats,politicalrequests,orconditionalactions030405BasicusageandmeaningofmodalverbsTheuseofnonfineverbsinsensesNonfiniteverbscanfunctionasadvertisementsinsenses,modifyingverbs,objections,orotheradvertisementstoexpresstime,cause,purpose,result,etcAsadvertisementsNonfiniteverbscanfunctionasthesubjectofasense,commonlyexpressingageneralactionorstateAssubjectsNonfiniteverbscanbeusedasthedirectobjectorobjectcompletionofcentralverbs,expressingspecificactionsorstatesrelatedtothemainverbAsobjectsMusthavedoneExpressionsastrongassumptionorbeliefthatanactionhasalreadytakenplaceExpressionslikelihoodorspecificationaboutpastactions"Couldhavedone"oftenimpliesamissedopportunityoravoidedoutcomeExpressionslikelihoodorspecificationaboutpastactionswithlessresistancethan"can/couldhavedone"Expressionsoppositionornecessityinthepastthatwasnotfulfilled,butwithanimpliedcriticismorsecretCan/CouldhavedoneMay/LighthavedoneShould/oughttohavedoneModalverb+havedonestructure05SubjunctivemoodandinvertedsensesIfclausesInconditionalsenses,thesubcriticalmoodisoftenusedintheifclausetoexpressaconditionthatiscontemporarytofactorunlikelytohappenForexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethejob."WishesandreturnsThesubjunctionmoodisalsousedtoexpresswishesorreturnsaboutpastorpresentsituationsthatcannotbechangedForinstance,"IwishIhadknowledgeaboutthisresearcher."SuggestionsandrecommendationsWhenmakingsuggestionsorrecommendations,thetransitionalmoodcanbeusedtoexpressapoliticalortensetitleForexample,"Isuggestthatwe(should)discussthisfurther."TheapplicationofsubconjunctivemoodinconditionalsensesItisimportant/essential/confidentialthat...:Inthesestructures,thesubcriticalmoodisusedtoemphasizetheimportanceornecessityofanactionForinstance,"Itisessentialthatyoubepresentatthemeeting."Itissuggested/recommended/advisedthat...:Whengivingsuggestionsorrecommendationsinthesestructures,thesubjunctionmoodisusedtoshowaformalorofficialtoneForexample,"Itisrecommendedthatyou(should)takeabreakeveryhour."Demand/request/requirementthat...:Inthesecases,thesubcriticalmoodisusedtoexpressastrongdemandorrequirementForinstance,"Thebossdemandsthatthework(should)becompletedbytomorrow."Theapplicationofsubconjunctivemoodincancerfixedstructures010203Completeinversio