高中英語(yǔ)選修6-3語(yǔ)法

GrammarTheuseof“it”Talkaboutthefollowingpictures,using

Itisnouse/gooddoingsth

做…沒(méi)有用/不好Itisfundoingsth

做……很有趣還想跑？甭想！想追我?沒(méi)門?、買tisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老,學(xué)到老。②Itiseasiertofallthantorise.摔倒容易爬起來(lái)難。③Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。④Itneverrainsbutitpours(潑水).不鳴那么已,一鳴驚人。Proverbs(諺語(yǔ))with“It”Readandanalyzethesentences.ItisFridaytoday.ItwasverycoldlastMonday.Itisabout8:30now.Itisabout25kmfromLongxiantoBazi.ItliesinthesouthofShaoguancity.Itis40°C!Yougotahighfever!Conclusion:it可以用作非人稱代詞,表示_____,_____,______,______,______,______等。dateweathertimedistanceplacetemperature

日期天氣時(shí)間距離地點(diǎn)溫度Itisobviousthatthewaterwastoodirtytodrink.Itistruethathewilltreatmetobreakfast

tomorrow.Itiscertainthatourclasswilldoagoodjobinthefinalexam.Isitpossiblethathewillbecomethechairmanofourcountry?ItisamazingthatatmyageIstilllooklikeastudent!分析:it是__________,句子真正的主語(yǔ)是___________________。Readandanalyzethesentences.形式主語(yǔ)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句牢記以下常用于該句型的形容詞Itisclear/obvious/true/possible/certain/amazing/ridiculous等+that從句.思考:為什么要用it做形式主語(yǔ)而把真正主語(yǔ)放到后面去?遵循英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的尾重原那么,防止句子頭重腳輕。Theuseof“it”一、用作人稱代詞,代表前面提到的人或事物Who’sit?________me.Lookatthepicture._____isapictureofourschool.

It’sIt

二、用于代替指示代詞this和that。---Isthisjacketyours?---Yes,______is.it三、用以表示時(shí)間、距離、天氣、氣候、季節(jié)、環(huán)境Itishalfpasteightnow.It’sonlyhalfanhour’swalkfromheretoourschool.3)Ihopethatitwillbefinetomorrow.4)Ithasrainedmuchthisyear.5)It’sspringnow.6)It’squiethere.Time

Distance

Weather

Weather

Season

Circumstance

替代作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞,而把真正作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。四、it用作形式主語(yǔ)1.代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此處adj.

通常為描述事件的形容詞:easy,difficult,

hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,legal,illegal,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful，dangerous…e.g.Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此處adj.

通常為描述人的形容詞:kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.e.g.It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.It’snogood/usedoing…It’s(well)worthdoing…It’s(well)worthone'swhiledoing/todo…It’s(well)worthwhiledoing/todoIt’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.3)It替代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞的常見(jiàn)句型2.it作形式主語(yǔ)替代主語(yǔ)從句Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain…)that...該句型中it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,常譯為“清楚(顯然,真的……)”,是主語(yǔ)從句最常見(jiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.①Itisadj.+

clause

Itissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....)that...該句型中的it仍是形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句;該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說(shuō)(據(jù)報(bào)道,據(jù)悉…)”。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.②Itisv-edthat…=sb./sth.istodo

③Itis+noun+從句

Itisapity(ashame/anhonor/agoodthing/afact/asurprise/...)that...該句型中,that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should+動(dòng)詞原形),should可省去。表示出乎意料,常譯為“竟然”。沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí),那么不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyour

class.這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上,真是遺憾！Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了,真遺憾！五、it作形式賓語(yǔ)

當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),往往把賓語(yǔ)放在它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ),放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之前。該句型中的it作形式賓語(yǔ),常用的動(dòng)詞有think,believe,make,find,consider,feel等。

Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.我認(rèn)為和他爭(zhēng)吵沒(méi)有用。Ifounditveryinterestingtostudy

English.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語(yǔ)非常有趣。Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthissubject.他非常清楚地表示他對(duì)那門學(xué)科不感興趣。六、用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部+that/who(aperson)從句I

metTom

in

the

parkyesterday.1)Itwas

I

who

metTomintheparkyesterday.2)It

was

Tom

whoImetintheparkyesterday.3)It

was

inthepark

that

ImetTomyesterday.4)It

was

yesterday

thatImetTominthepark.Itwasfiveo’clock_________Igothome.Itwasatfiveo’clock_______Igothome.

whenthatItisnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部+that...該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),譯成漢語(yǔ)“直到……才……”,可以說(shuō)是not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。如:

ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.Itwasnot_____shetookoffherdarkglasses____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.(92)A.when,thatB.until,whenC.until,thatD.when,then2)Itwasnotuntil____that____topreparehislessons.(91)A.didhisfathercomein,theboybeganB.didhisfathercomein,didtheboybeginC.hisfathercamein,didtheboybeginD.hisfathercamein,theboybeganC

D

強(qiáng)調(diào)句用以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),介詞賓語(yǔ)以及狀語(yǔ)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)用that和who/whom皆可)Itwasshewho／thathadbeenwrong．是她錯(cuò)了。()Itwasthegirlwhom／thatImetjustnow．我剛剛遇見(jiàn)的就是這個(gè)女孩。()ItwasTomtowhomtheteacherhadtalked．老師與其談話的那個(gè)人是湯姆。()ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened．所有這一切就是在星期一的晚上發(fā)生的。()主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)七、it常用的固定搭配

makeit在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed,表示:成功、做到、說(shuō)定、趕上、及時(shí)到達(dá)如:It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.2)在口語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)于fixthedatefor,表示“約定好時(shí)間”如:

—Shallwemeetnextweek?—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.takeit/thingseasy相當(dāng)于Don’tworryordon’thurry.用來(lái)勸告別人,表示“不要慌,別擔(dān)憂,沉住氣”Takeiteasy！Hewilldoitwell.3.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口語(yǔ)中,相當(dāng)于ithasn‘tbeendecidedyet,表示“那得看情況,還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)”—Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?—It/Thatalldepends.4.It'suptosb.在口語(yǔ)中,相當(dāng)于it'sdecidedbysb.表示“由……決定,由……負(fù)責(zé),取決于……”

—Shallwegooutfordinner？

—It'suptoyou.It用在不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞后面尤其是表示好惡的動(dòng)詞enjoy/like/love/appreciatedislike/hate/resent(憎恨)take/don’tmind/befondof/feellike/see(toit)that…留意；負(fù)責(zé)；務(wù)必；照料e.g:Itakeitthat(我以為/我認(rèn)為)youdon’tagreewithme.我的理解是：你不同意我的意見(jiàn)IhateitwhenIhavetospeakinFrenchonthephone.有時(shí)，非得用法語(yǔ)打，我感到很討厭。Seetoitthatyoualwayscarryyourpassport.務(wù)必常帶上你的護(hù)照。catchit(口語(yǔ))被責(zé)罵;受處分e.g.IfIcomehomelateI’llcatchitfrommymother.如果我回家晚了,我媽媽會(huì)罵我。You’llcatchitbecauseofyourcarelessness.你會(huì)因?yàn)槟愕牟恍⌒氖芴幏值?。it的一些習(xí)慣用法Howisitwithyourstudy?學(xué)習(xí)好嗎？That’sit.這就對(duì)了。Itwenthardwithhim.他身遇不幸。Itisalloverwithme.我完蛋了。Wemustfightitout.我們必須堅(jiān)持到底。Ican’thelpit.我沒(méi)有方法。高考鏈接1.Hedidn’tmake____clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.(天津2007)A.this B.that C.it D.these2.____isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.(浙江2006)A.As B.That C.This D.ItCD3.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but______didn’thelp.(2005全國(guó))A.it B.she C.which D.he4.I’dappreciate______ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(山東2006)A.that B.itC.this D.youAB5.Itwas______hecamebackfromAfricathatyear______hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.(江西2009)A.when;thenB.not;untilC.notuntil;thatD.olny,when6.ItwasalongtheMissippiRiver______MarkTwainspentmuchofhidchildhood.(天津2008)A.howB.whichC.thatD.whereC

C

改錯(cuò)Youwon’tfinddifficulttogettothecitycenter.(2004全國(guó))2.Iknowthereisnoteasytobeateacher.(2004湖北)3.ThisisnotsurprisingthattheSilverGhostwasregardedas“thebestcarintheworld”.

find后加itthere→itThis→ItExercises:1.Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Inwhichplayis______yourbrotherwillappear?A.thatwhereB.thiswhenC.itthatD.itwhere3.______theharderyouwork,thebetterresultyou’llget.A.It’sbelievedthatB.WhatwebelievedthatC.It’sfactD.WhatthefactisACA4.Nothingcanstopus,_______?A.can’titB.canitC.can’tweD.canwe5.---Canyoutellushowthewarwaswonintheend?---Idon’tknow,________.A.It’shardtosayB.Itdoesn’tmatterC.It’snousesayingD.ItdependsontheworkBA6.Does______matteralotwhethershewillcomeherebybusorbytaxi?A.ThethingB.thatC.itD.hermother7.---Listen!Someoneisunlockingthegoods.---_____mustbeyourfathercomingbackfromBeijing.A.ItB.ThereC.ThatD.ThisCA8.---Haveyouwrittenalettertoher?---No,butI’mgoingtowrite_____tonight.A.itB.thatC.thoseD.one9.---Aretheycomingtothemeeti