2021新高考英語一輪復習課時作業(yè)5必修1NelsonMandelaamodernhero

課時作業(yè)5NelsonMandela—amodernheroⅠ.閱讀理解AVisitingtheextremelycoldNorthPolemaybeatthebottomofmostpeople'swishlist.Buttheever-changingICEHOTEL,whichopensitsdoorstovisitorsonDecember14,maychangeyourmind.LyingnorthoftheArcticCircleintheSwedishvillageofJukkasj?rvi,thehotel,whichiscarvedentirelyfromice,isrebuiltannuallyandisgettingincreasinglyimpressive.Thetraditionbeganaccidentallymorethan20yearsago—afterJukkasj?rvicitizensorganizedanartshowinasmalligloo(冰屋)totrytoattracttouriststotheremotevillageduringthefreezingwintermonths.Theexhibitionwasahugesuccessasitattractedmanyvisitors.However,itwasnotuntilagroupofadventuroussoulsarrivedwithsleepingbagsandannouncedtheirintentiontospendthenightinsidetheigloothattheideaofthefrozenhotelwasborn.SoICEHOTEL'sexistenceowesalottothesemeninaway.TheICEHOTELhasealongwaysinceitsbeginning.Theconstructionprojectneededthousandsoftonsofice,andmuch“snice”—amixtureoficeandsnow.Andthehotelwasdesignedtocoveranareaofover5,500squaremeters.Whenworkingonsuchagrandproject,constructorsneededtofaceuptoproblemslikethefreezingtemperature,ashortageofconstructors,littleexperience,etc.TheplanningbeganinMarch.ConstructionbeganinNovemberwhenabout100workers,halfofwhominvitedtobuildthehotelwereartists,arrivedatthearea.InDecember,aftermanydaysofunexpectedhardwork,thefrozenacmodationwasopen.Thedozensofrooms,builttoacmodatevisitorswithallkindsofbudgets,varyfromgrandsuitestobasicrooms.Amongthehighlightsthisyearis“Haven”suiteguardedbytwolargebirds,whichinvitescuriosity,creativity,andteamspirits.“LivingOcean”suite'sstyleanddecorationsaretoremindvisitorsthattheclimatechangesandtheoverfishinghavegreatlyaffectedouroceansandthatallofuscannotignorethemanymore.Thosewithasweettoothwillbethrilledwiththe“Candy”suite.Catloverswillenjoythe“TaoofCat”suite,whichhasabeautifullyice-cutfaceofacat.etothefantastichotelbeforeitmelts(融化)inApril.本文是一篇說明文。介紹了位于北極的一個非常有特色的旅館。1．What'stheadventuroussouls'contributiontoICEHOTEL?A．Theydesignedthestylesofthehotel.B．Theyfinancedtheconstructionofthehotel.C．Theyinspiredtheconstructionofafrozenhotel.D．Theyorganizedanartshowinthehotel.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的However,itwasnotuntilagroupofadventuroussouls...thattheideaofthefrozenhotelwasborn.SoICEHOTEL'sexistenceowesalottothesemeninaway.可知答案。2．What'sthecharacteristicofICEHOTELrooms?A．Theystresstheimportanceofteamwork.B．Theyaredecorateddifferentlyaccordingtotheirtheme.C．Theychargealotfortheacmodations.D．Theyaredesignedforenvironmentalprotection.答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段對賓館內(nèi)房間的描述可知，這些房屋因主題不同，裝飾也會不同。3．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．TheintroductionofauniqueSwedishhotel.B．Thefantasticiglooculture.C．TheartworksofJukkasj?rvicitizens.D．ThebeautifulsceneryoftheArcticCircle.答案：A解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了瑞典一家很有特色的旅館。BTheuseofanewtechnologytoincreasericeproductioninTanzaniahasrecentlybeenapproved.Thenewfertilizing(施肥)methodknownasUreaDeepPlacement,orUDP,increasesriceproductionbymorethan20percentperacre.Thecostoffertilizerisincreasing,butthenitrogen(氮)applicationstilllacksefficiency.UDPisamoderncrop-improvingfertilizingalternative.Shortlyafterricefieldsareplanted,farmersstrategicallyburyurea(尿素)closetotheircrops'rootzones.Theureaisabsorbedmoreeffectivelyintoplantroots,cuttingfertilizercostsandincreasingnitrogenefficiency.Over33percentofTanzania'sruralpopulationlivesinpoverty.Agricultureisthecountry'smainindustry,especiallyinruralareas.FarminginTanzaniaaccountedforover67percentofemploymentin2015,andagriculturalproductioncontributestonearly30percentofthecountry'sGDP.RiceisTanzania'sseventhmostimportantcrop,andriceproductionhassteadilyincreasedoverthepastdecade.In2010,Tanzaniabecameanetexporterofrice,producingover2.6milliontonsofrice.OfallAfricancountries,Tanzania'sriceproductionlevelsarethesecondhighest,directlybehindMadagascar.UDPwasfirstintroducedtotheAfricancontinentin2009aftertheworldwitnesseditsresultsinAsiancountrieslikeBangladesh,VietnamandCambodia,allofwhicharebigriceproducers.Nitrogenisrice'smostvitalsourceofnutrition.UsingUDPdecreasesnitrogenlossesbyupto40percent.Byimprovingnitrogenefficiency,UDPbenefitsbothglobalfoodsecurityandfarmers'meansoflivingwhilealsoreducingwidespreadpollution.Nitrogenpollutioncancontributetoclimatechangeanddamagewaterquality,increasingthelikelihoodofattractingwaterbornediseases.TanzaniaFertilizerRegulatoryAuthorityseniorofficialAllanMarikisaid,“WeareencouragingfarmerstoadoptthesystemofUDP,whichincreasesriceproductionperacre.”Tanzania'snewfive-yearExpandingRiceProductionProjectfocusesonimprovingirrigationandusingnewagriculturalpracticessuchasUDPtodoublethecountry'sriceproduction.本文是一篇說明文。一種名叫UDP的新施肥技術(shù)能夠?qū)⑺井a(chǎn)量提高百分之二十以上，非洲水稻生產(chǎn)大國坦桑尼亞希望依靠這種新農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)在未來五年內(nèi)將水稻產(chǎn)量翻番。4．Howdoesthenewfertilizingmethodwork?A．Byapplyingmorefertilizerstocrops.B．Byapplyingureaaroundthecrop'sroots.C．Byhelpingthecropsdevelopstrongerroots.D．Byusingfertilizersbeforethecropsareplanted.答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Shortlyafterricefieldsareplanted,farmersstrategicallyburyureaclosetotheircrops'rootzones.可知，新的施肥技術(shù)是將尿素施在莊稼根部的區(qū)域，從而減少氮的浪費。5．WhatdothefiguresinParagraph3probablyshow?A．RiceisofverygreatimportancetoTanzania.B．TanzaniaisarelativelyrichcountryinAfrica.C．Tanzaniakeepsseekinghighinternationalstatus.D．ThefarmingmethodhasbeenimprovinginTanzania.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，水稻在坦桑尼亞具有非常重要的地位，故可知答案。6．WhatisAllanMariki'sattitudetowardstheUDPmethod?A．Doubtful. B．Objective.C．Concerned. D．Supportive.答案：D解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的AllanMarikisaid,“WeareencouragingfarmerstoadoptthesystemofUDP,whichincreasesriceproductionperacre.”可知，AllanMariki對新技術(shù)持支持的態(tài)度。Ⅱ.七選五Nowadaysalongwiththeboomingofputerscience,putersarewidelyusedhereandthere.Peopleevencanfindputersinmostclassrooms.Whileteachersremainmoreorlessthesame,putersaredoublinginspeedandcapabilityeveryfouryears.__1__AsfarasIamconcerned,teachersstillplayamajorroleandarestillofgreatimportance.__2__Howeveradvancedtheymaybe,putersarenothingmorethanhumaninventionsprogrammedtoperformcertaintasks.Theyareunabletodealwithstudentswithdifferentbackgrounds.Needlesstosay,aclassroomisaplacewhereindividualattentionandcreativitymattermost.Therefore,putersarenobetterthanothertoolsusedbyteachersandcouldn'tpossiblymaketherolesplayedbythemweaker.Intermsofaccuracyandtheamountofinformation,putersoutshinehumans.__3__Indeed,agoodteacherorganizesandinspiresthestudents.Besides,theinteractionbetweenstudentsandteachersisvitalforthelearning.Accordingtomosteducationauthorities,reallearningoccursduringthediscussionandsharingofideaswithone'steacherandclassmates.Moreover,ateacheristheretomonitoreveryslightchangeinstudents'attitude,torespondtoandencouragethemwhenevertheyshowsignsoffrustrationandimpatience.__4__Despitetheincreasingpresenceofputersinsideclassrooms,teachersarejustasessential,ifnotmoreso,asinstructorswereinthepast.__5__A．It'stimethatteachersshoulddevelopthemselves.B．Withoutthiskindofinteraction,educationisunimaginable.C．Advancedasputersmaybe,someteachersarelessimportant.D．Buttomakeagoodteachermeansfarmorethanbeinganencyclopedia(百科全書)．E．Peoplecan'thelpwonderingwhetherteachersareasimportantastheyoncewere.F．Somedrawbacksmakeitimpossibleforputerstoreplaceteachersinclassrooms.G．Itiswellknownthatputersarebetteratrepetitiveworkbutincapableofcreativethinking.本文是一篇議論文。隨著計算機科學的發(fā)展，電腦越來越多地被應用到課堂教學中。電腦雖然擅長重復工作，但是沒有創(chuàng)造能力。老師的地位仍然和從前一樣，是課堂教學的組織者和指導者。1．E解析：空處承上啟下，根據(jù)前一句可知，盡管老師幾乎沒有變化，但是電腦的運行速度和容量每四年就達雙倍；根據(jù)后一句可知，至少我認為老師的作用仍然很重要；據(jù)此可推知，空處表示人們會對教師是否如先前一樣重要產(chǎn)生懷疑，故E項符合語境。2．G解析：根據(jù)空后一句可知，盡管電腦可能很先進，但是它們只是人們的發(fā)明，用來完成一些特定的任務；據(jù)此可知，空處應是介紹電腦的特點，即電腦擅長處理重復性的工作，但是沒有創(chuàng)造性思維，故G項正確。3．D解析：根據(jù)空后一句可知，一位優(yōu)秀的老師應當能組織和鼓勵學生；據(jù)此可推知，空處應是介紹對優(yōu)秀老師的標準的論述，即好老師不僅僅是百科全書，故D項正確。4．B解析：由前一句可知，老師應當觀察學生態(tài)度的改變，當他們表現(xiàn)出沒有耐心或沮喪的跡象時應當及時回應并鼓勵他們，即該處陳述的是師生之間的互動；據(jù)此可知，空處應當陳述這種師生互動的重要性，故B項正確。5．F解析：根據(jù)前一句可知，盡管電腦在課堂上被推廣使用，但是老師的地位仍然和以前一樣重要；據(jù)此可知，空處與此對應，總結(jié)全文，說明電腦的缺陷使得電腦不可能在課堂上取代老師，故F項正確。Ⅲ.語法填空AmazonispublishinganewandimprovedKindle.It's__1__(thin)andlighterthantheformerone,andhasaroundeddesignthatmakesiteasierforone__2__(hold)itwithonehand.Butwhat'smostinterestingisitscharactersfor__3__blind.Thepreviousfourth-generationKindleTouch,which__4__(e)outin2011,hasspeakers,headphonejacks,andtext-to-speechfunctions.ItisthelastKindle__5__isaccessibletothosewhohavetroubleseeingtext.WhenAmazonupdateditsLCD-screenFiretablets,thepanyremovedtheaudio(音頻的)characterfromtheKindlee-readerline,thus__6__(make)itinaccessibletoblindusers.ThenewKindlewillewithBluetoothwirelesstechnology.MuchlikeAmazon'svoice-controlledEcho,thenewKindlereadse-booksaloudwhen__7__(connect)tobluetoothheadphonesorspeakers.Howeasyitwillbeforblindpeo