項目6、利用RIP實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián).項目6、利用rip實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)

項目六、利用RIP實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)目錄任務(wù)一、動態(tài)路由簡介任務(wù)二、RIP概述任務(wù)三、RIP配置任務(wù)一、RIP簡介任務(wù)一動態(tài)路由簡介任務(wù)一動態(tài)路由簡介1.動態(tài)路由協(xié)議的分類有類路由協(xié)議路由信息更新過程中不發(fā)送子網(wǎng)掩碼信息不支持不連續(xù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)不支持VLSM無類路由協(xié)議路由信息更新中包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼支持不連續(xù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持VLSM連續(xù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)Discontiguousnetwork不連續(xù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)Contiguous

network任務(wù)一動態(tài)路由簡介1.動態(tài)路由協(xié)議的分類有類路由協(xié)議172.16.3.0/24172.16.4.0/24172.16.2.0/24172.16.1.0/24172.16.6.0/24172.16.5.0/24任務(wù)一動態(tài)路由簡介2.收斂當(dāng)所有路由器都獲取到完整而準(zhǔn)確的網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息時，網(wǎng)絡(luò)即完成收斂。收斂速度傳播拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)變化的速度計算最佳路徑路由的速度網(wǎng)絡(luò)在完成收斂后才可以正常運(yùn)行任務(wù)二、RIP概述任務(wù)二RIP概述1.收斂當(dāng)所有路由器都獲取到完整而準(zhǔn)確的網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息時，網(wǎng)絡(luò)即完成收斂。RIP采用距離向量算法簡單易維護(hù)適合小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)RIPv1&RIPv2&RIPng三個版本SiteBSiteASiteCRIPRTBRTARTCRIPRIP任務(wù)二RIP概述2.RIP協(xié)議

路由表路由表RTBRTARTC

路由表路由器運(yùn)行RIP后，會首先發(fā)送路由更新請求，收到請求的路由器會發(fā)送自己的RIP路由進(jìn)行響應(yīng)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)穩(wěn)定后，路由器會周期性發(fā)送路由更新信息。任務(wù)二RIP概述3.RIP-度量缺省情況下，直連網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路由跳數(shù)為0。當(dāng)路由器發(fā)送路由更新時，會把度量值加1。10.0.0.0Metric=110.0.0.0Metric=1

10.0.0.0Metric=210.0.0.0/8

RTBRTARIP度量基于跳數(shù)0-15跳16跳為不可達(dá)任務(wù)二RIP概述4.RIP工作原理RIP度量值基于跳數(shù)每30s發(fā)送路由更新支持等價負(fù)載均衡UDP端口號為520路由器運(yùn)行RIP后，會首先發(fā)送路由更新請求，收到請求的路由器會發(fā)送自己的RIP路由進(jìn)行響應(yīng)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)穩(wěn)定后，路由器會周期性發(fā)送路由更新信息。任務(wù)二RIP概述5.RIP計時器RIP計時器更新計時器UpdateTimer老化計時器AgeTimer垃圾收集計時器Garbage-collectTimer[RTD]displayripPublicVPN-instanceRIPprocess:1RIPversion:2Preference:100Checkzero:EnabledDefault-cost:0Summary:EnabledHost-route:EnabledMaximumnumberofbalancedpaths:8Updatetime:30secAgetime:180secGarbage-collecttime:120secGracefulrestart:DisabledBFD:DisabledSilent-interfaces:GigabitEthernet0/0/1任務(wù)二RIP概述6.RIPv1報文格式任務(wù)二RIP概述6.RIPv1報文格式UnusedIPAddressSubnetMaskMetricCommandAddressFamilyIdentifierVersionRouteTagNextHopUDP端口：520目的地址：224.0.0.9G0/0/0G0/0/0RTBRTA任務(wù)二RIP概述7.RIPv2–認(rèn)證RIPv2支持對協(xié)議報文進(jìn)行認(rèn)證，認(rèn)證方式有明文認(rèn)證和MD5認(rèn)證兩種。Authentication0XFFFFAuthenticationTypePassword:huaweiUnusedCommandVersionG0/0/0G0/0/0RTBRTAPassword:huawei任務(wù)二RIP概述8.RIPv1vs.RIPv2RIPv1有類路由協(xié)議不支持VLSM/CIDR廣播更新不支持認(rèn)證RIPv2無類路由協(xié)議支持VLSM/CIDR組播更新支持認(rèn)證任務(wù)二RIP概述9.路由環(huán)路數(shù)據(jù)包在一系列路由器之間不斷傳輸卻始終無法到達(dá)其預(yù)期目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一種現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)生故障時，RIP網(wǎng)絡(luò)有可能產(chǎn)生路由環(huán)路。10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8Metric=2192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24Destination/MaskNexthopmetric10.0.0.0/8192.168.1.11192.168.1.0/8192.168.1.20Destination/MaskNexthopmetric192.168.1.0/8192.168.1.1010.0.0.0/810.0.0.10Destination/MaskNexthopmetric192.168.1.0/8192.168.1.10Destination/MaskNexthopmetric192.168.1.0/8192.168.1.1010.0.0.0/8192.168.1.2210.0.0.0/8Metric=3Destination/MaskNexthopmetric10.0.0.0/8192.168.1.13192.168.1.0/8192.168.1.20收斂慢配置錯誤16任務(wù)二RIP概述10.環(huán)路避免-水平分割路由器從某個接口學(xué)到的路由，不會從該接口再發(fā)回給鄰居路由器。10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8Metric=2RTBRTA192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/2410.0.0.0/8Metric=1Destination/MaskNexthopmetric192.168.1.0/8192.168.1.1010.0.0.0/810.0.0.10任務(wù)二RIP概述11.環(huán)路避免-毒性反轉(zhuǎn)毒性反轉(zhuǎn)是指路由器從某個接口學(xué)到路由后，將該路由的跳數(shù)設(shè)置為16，并從原接收接口發(fā)回給鄰居路由器。10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8Metric=16RTBRTADestination/MaskNexthopmetric10.0.0.0/810.0.0.10192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/2410.0.0.0/8Metric=1Destination/MaskNexthopmetric10.0.0.0/8192.168.1.11任務(wù)二RIP概述12.環(huán)路避免-路由毒化&觸發(fā)更新觸發(fā)更新是指當(dāng)路由信息發(fā)生變化時，立即向鄰居設(shè)備發(fā)送觸發(fā)更新報文。10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8Metric=16RTCRTB192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/2410.0.0.0/8Metric=16RTA192.168.0.2/24192.168.0.1/24Destination/MaskNexthopmetric192.168.1.0/8192.168.1.1010.0.0.0/810.0.0.10Destination/MaskNexthopmetric192.168.1.0/8192.168.1.10路由不可達(dá)接口狀態(tài)改變新增路由觸發(fā)更新任務(wù)三、RIP配置任務(wù)三RIP配置RIP的基本配置rip

[

process-id

]network

network-addressversion

{

1

|

2

}RTARTBRTCRTD10.0.0.0/8[RTA]rip[RTA-rip-1]version2[RTA-rip-1]network10.0.0.0<R1>displayiprouting-tableprotocolripRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:RIPDestinations:2Routes:3RIProutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:2Routes:3Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface172.16.123.8/30RIP1001D172.16.123.5Serial1/0/1RIP1001D172.16.123.2Serial1/0/0172.18.2.0/28RIP1001D172.16.123.2Serial1/0/0RIProutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0<R1>displayripPublicVPN-instanceRIPprocess:1RIPversion:2Preference:100Checkzero:EnabledDefault-cost:0Summary:EnabledHost-route:EnabledMaximumnumberofbalancedpaths:8Updatetime:30secAgetime:180secGarbage-collecttime:120secGracefulrestart:DisabledBFD:DisabledSilent-interfaces:NoneDefault-route:DisabledVerify-source:EnabledNetworks:172.16.0.0172.18.0.010.0.0.0Configuredpeers:None----More----<R2>displayrip1database---------------------------------------------------AdvertisementState:[A]-Advertised[I]-NotAdvertised/Withdraw---------------------------------------------------10.0.0.0/8,cost1,ClassfulSumm10.0.0.0/8,cost4,[A],nexthop172.16.123.110.1.1.0/30,cost1,[A],nexthop172.16.123.1172.16.0.0/16,cost0,ClassfulSumm172.16.123.0/30,cost0,[A],Rip-interface172.16.123.4/30,cost1,[A],nexthop172.16.123.10172.16.123.4/30,cost1,[A],nexthop172.16.123.1172.16.123.8/30,cost0,[A],Rip-interface172.18.0.0/16,cost0,ClassfulSumm172.18.1.0/28,cost1,[A],nexthop172.16.123.1172.18.2.0/28,cost0,[A],Rip-interface<R2>displayrip1neighbor

---------------------------------------------------------------------IPAddressInterfaceTypeLast-Heard-Time---------------------------------------------------------------------172.16.123.1Serial1/0/0RIP0:0:1NumberofRIProutes:4172.16.123.10Serial1/0/1RIP0:0:12NumberofRIProutes:1<R2>displayrip1routeRouteFlags:R-RIPA-Aging,G-Garbage-collect----------------------------------------------------------------------------Peer172.16.123.1onSerial1/0/0Destination/MaskNexthopCostTagFlagsSec172.18.1.0/28172.16.123.110RA30172.16.123.4/30172.16.123.110RA3010.0.0.0/8172.16.123.140RA3010.1.1.0/30172.16.123.110RA30Peer172.16.123.10onSerial1/0/1Destination/MaskNexthopCostTagFlagsSec172.16.123.4/30172.16.123.1010RA29<R2>displayrip1interfaceg0/0/0verboseGigabitEthernet0/0/0(10.0.13.2)State:UPMTU:500Metricin:0Metricout:1Input:EnabledOutput:EnabledProtocol:RIPv2MulticastSendversion:RIPv2MulticastPacketsReceiveversion:RIPv2MulticastandBroadcastPacketsPoison-reverse:DisabledSplit-Horizon:EnabledAuthenticationtype:NoneReplayProtection:Disabled任務(wù)三RIP配置1.RIP基本配置的驗證RTARTCRTD10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8Metric=1RTBG0/0/0

192.168.1.0/24[RTC]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/0[RTC-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ripmetricin2接口附加度量值MetricinMetricoutripmetricin

valuerip

metricout

value

RTARTCRTD10.0.0.0/8RTBG0/0/0Metric=1192.168.1.0/24[RTA]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/0[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ripmetricout2任務(wù)三RIP配置2.配置RIP的路由屬性——接口的附加度量值任務(wù)三RIP配置3.配置RIP的路由屬性——優(yōu)先級&最大等價路由條數(shù)preference

{

preference

|

route-policy

route-policy-name

}

*undopreferencemaximumload-balancing

numberundomaximumload-balancingRTARTCRTD10.0.0.0/8RTBG0/0/0Metric=1192.168.1.0/24[RTA]rip[RTA-rip-1]preference120[RTA]rip[RTC-rip-1]maximumload-balancing4任務(wù)三RIP配置4.控制路由信息的發(fā)布與接收rip

outputundo

rip

outputripinputundoripinput配置RTA的G0/0/0接口禁止發(fā)送RIP報文。RTARTCRTD10.0.0.0/8RTBG0/0/010.0.0.0/8Metric=1

[RTA]interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/0[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undoripoutput任務(wù)三RIP配置4.控制路由信息的發(fā)布與接收接口為抑制狀態(tài)，不發(fā)送RIP報文只接收RIP報文。此命令的優(yōu)先級大于ripinput和ripoutput。silent-interface

all命令比抑制某個接口的優(yōu)先級高[RTD]rip[RTD-rip-1]silent-interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/1RTARTCRTD10.0.0.0/8RTB10.0.0.0/8Metric=1

G0/0/1192.168.1.1G0/0/0192.168.1.2silent-interface

{

all

|

interface-type

interface-number

}undosilent-interface

{

all

|

interface-type

interface-number

}抑制接口任務(wù)三RIP配置4.控制路由信息的發(fā)布與接收[RTD]displayripPublicVPN-instanceRIPprocess:1RIPversion:2Preference:100Checkzero:EnabledDefault-cost:0Summary:EnabledHost-route:EnabledMaximumnumberofbalancedpaths:8Updatetime:30secAgetime:180secGarbage-collecttime:120secGracefulrestart:DisabledBFD:DisabledSilent-interfaces:GigabitEthernet0/0/1GigabitEthernet0/0/2任務(wù)三RIP配置4.控制路由信息的發(fā)布與接收配置RIP發(fā)布缺省路由[R2]iproute-static0.0.0.00.0.0.0GigabitEthernet0/0/2[R2]rip[R2-rip-1]default-routeoriginatecost2如果路由器本身生成缺省路由，它將不接收鄰居發(fā)來的缺省路由default-routeoriginate

[

cost

cost

|{{

matchdefault

|

route-policy

route-policy-name

}[

avoid-learning

]}]

*undodefault-routeoriginate<R3>displayiprouting-tableprotocolripRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:RIPDestinations:5Routes:7RIProutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:5Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface0.0.0.0/0RIP1003D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.2.0/24RIP1002D10.0.13.2GigabitEthernet0/0/1RIP1002D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/30RIP1001D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.34.0/30RIP1001D10.0.13.2GigabitEthernet0/0/1172.16.2.0/24RIP1002D10.0.13.2GigabitEthernet0/0/1RIP1002D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0RIProutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0任務(wù)三RIP配置4.控制路由信息的發(fā)布與接收配置RIP發(fā)布缺省路由import-route

{{

static

|

direct

|

unr

}|{{

rip

|

ospf

|

isis

}[

process-id

]}}[

cost

cost

|

route-policy

route-policy-name

]

*undoimport-route

{{

static

|

direct

|

unr

}|{{

rip

|

ospf

|

isis

}[

process-id

]}}[R2]iproute-static193.169.1.024GigabitEthernet

0/0/2[R2]rip[R2-rip-1]import-routestaticcost3<R1>displayiprouting-tableprotocolripRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:RIPDestinations:5Routes:7RIProutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:5Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface10.0.2.0/24RIP1002D10.0.13.2GigabitEthernet0/0/1RIP1002D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/30RIP1001D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.34.0/30RIP1001D10.0.13.2GigabitEthernet0/0/1172.16.2.0/24RIP1002D10.0.13.2GigabitEthernet0/0/1RIP1002D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0193.169.1.0/24RIP1004D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0RIProutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0任務(wù)三RIP配置5.配置RIPv2的特性——自動路由聚合summary

[

always

]undosummary[R2]rip[R2-rip-1]summaryalways缺省情況下，RIP-2已使能了有類聚合功能當(dāng)配置了水平分割或毒性反轉(zhuǎn)后，有類路由聚合失效。無論水平分割或毒性反轉(zhuǎn)配置與否，運(yùn)行summary

always命令啟用有類聚合任務(wù)三RIP配置6.配置RIPv2的特性——手工路由聚合rip

summary-address

ip-address

mask

[

avoid-feedback

]undo

rip

summary-address

ip-address

mask[R2]interfaceserial1/0/0[R2-Serial1/0/0]ripsummary-address10.0.0.0255.255.128.0[R3]interfaceserial1/0/1[R3-Serial1/0/1]ripsummary-address10.0.128.0255.255.128.0接口上的路由聚合優(yōu)先級高于RIP進(jìn)程中的路由聚合優(yōu)先級。即ripsummary-address

命令的優(yōu)先級高于summary命令的優(yōu)先級任務(wù)三RIP配置7.配置RIPv2的特性——認(rèn)證RIPv2認(rèn)證簡單認(rèn)證MD5密文認(rèn)證ripauthentication-mode

simple

{[

plain

]

plain-text

|

cipher

password-key

}ripauthentication-mode

md5usual

{

plain

plain-text

|[

cipher

]

password-key

}ripauthentication-mode

md5nonstandard

{

keychain

keychain-name

|{{

plain

plain-text

|[

cipher

]

p