新教材高中北師大版英語選擇性必修1學(xué)案Unit3PartⅥ單元語法專題限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

PartⅥ單元語法專題——限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句定語從句體系構(gòu)建圖語法精講限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句在復(fù)合句中用來限制、描繪或說明主句中某一名詞或代詞而起定語作用的從句叫定語從句；定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞；引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。按照關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所作的成分，可將關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞之間關(guān)系的密切程度，定語從句可以分為限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句。一、定語從句的關(guān)系詞1．關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用：①連接主句和從句；②指代先行詞；③在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。2．關(guān)系詞的分類：①關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；②關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等。3．引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；關(guān)系副詞有where,when,why等。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有which,who,whom,whose,as；關(guān)系副詞有where,when。[即學(xué)即練1]單句語法填空①Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.②Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you'llfindprobablyasolution________suitseveryone.③Wehaveenteredintoanage________dreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.④Byopeninganovel,Icanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulandmysteriousworld________Iamnowanewcharacter.⑤Thereareseveralreasons________schooluniformsareagoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.⑥D(zhuǎn)r.Rowan,________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.二、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1．作用不同限制性定語從句用于修飾先行詞，具有限制作用，使先行詞的含義更具體、更明確，因此不可缺少，否則主句的意思就不完整或?qū)⑹ヒ饬x。非限制性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切，只是對先行詞作附加或補(bǔ)充性的說明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整、清楚。?Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciseregularlylivelonger.經(jīng)常進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人更長壽。(若把定語從句去掉，句子意義不完整)(限制性定語從句)?Hisdaughter,whoisinShenzhennow,isinghomenextweek.他女兒現(xiàn)在在深圳，下星期回家。(若把定語從句去掉，句子意義仍然完整)(非限制性定語從句)[即學(xué)即練2]單句語法填空①Later,heworkedinAfrica,________manypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofpropertreatment.②Understandinghergoodintentions,Ieatallthefood________isprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.2．形式不同限制性定語從句與主句之間不用逗號隔開；非限制性定語從句必須用逗號和主句隔開。?Thebookthat/whichyouborrowedlastweekisreallymoving.上周你借的那本書真令人感動。?Thisisanimportantpresent,whichIreceivedyesterday.這是一件重要的禮物，我是昨天收到它的。3．先行詞不同限制性定語從句的先行詞一般為單個的名詞或代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞既可為單個的名詞或代詞，也可為整個主句或其中一部分。?ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.這是我看過的最好的小說。(限制性定語從句，先行詞是thebestnovel)?Hechangedhismind，whichmademeveryangry.他改變了主意，這使我很生氣。(非限制性定語從句，which指整個主句)[即學(xué)即練3]單句語法填空①Youcanbetheone________directstheconversationtofuntopicsthatareripeforotherstoaddhumor.②Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,________helpsthemkeepfit.③Mr.Smithownedthisoilpaintinguntiltheearly1990s,________hegaveittohisgrandson.4．關(guān)系詞的使用情況不同(1)that，why不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，而要用which代替that,forwhich代替why。?他通過了考試，這使他的老師感到欣慰。【誤】Hepassedtheexam,thatmadehisteacherrelieved.【正】Hepassedtheexam,whichmadehisteacherrelieved.?Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn'tattendtheparty.我已經(jīng)告訴他們我沒參加聚會的原因了。(2)關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同①關(guān)系代詞whom在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可用who/that代替，但在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)不可用who/that代替。?Thisistheman(whom/who/that)wearetalkingabout.這就是我們正在談?wù)摰哪莻€人。(限制性定語從句)?Theyoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.那個年輕人新交了一個女朋友，他想給她留下深刻的好印象。(非限制性定語從句)②在限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用who，that或whom；但在非限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用who或whom。她有一個弟弟，是一名醫(yī)生?！菊`】Shehasayoungerbrother，thatisadoctor.【正】Shehasayoungerbrother,whoisadoctor.[即學(xué)即練4]單句語法填空①WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobeethestaronourfootballteam.ThatmeantbeatingoutMillerKing,________wasthebestplayeratourschool.②Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,________Ihadn'tseenforyears.(3)關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略，而非限制性定語從句中的所有關(guān)系代詞均不可省略。?Thisisagoodfilm(which/that)Isawafewdaysago.這是我?guī)滋烨翱催^的一部好電影。(限制性定語從句)?Thesummerholiday,whichwehavebeenlookingforwardto,isdrawingnear.我們一直盼望著的暑假就要來了。(非限制性定語從句)5．翻譯順序不同含限制性定語從句的句子先譯從句，后譯先行詞，即將從句放在先行詞前譯；而非限制性定語從句的句子一般先譯先行詞，后譯從句，形成兩個并列分句。?Lucyhasanelderbrotherwhoworksinahospital.露西有一個在醫(yī)院工作的哥哥。(限制性定語從句)?Lucyhasanelderbrother,whoworksinahospital.露西有一個哥哥，他在醫(yī)院工作。(非限制性定語從句)語法專練Ⅰ.單句語法填空(定語從句)1．Ishetheman________wantstoseeyou?2．Theyrushedovertohelptheman________carhadbrokendown.3．Thepackage________youarecarryingisabouttoeunwrapped.4．Finally,thethiefhandedeverything________hehadstolentothepolice.5．Heistheveryman________helpedthegirloutofthewater.6．Hetalkedabouttheteachersandtheschool________hevisited.7．Wedon'tknowthereason________hedidn'tshowup.8．Thereesatime________youhavetomakeachoice.9．Thisnovel,________Ihavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.10．________everyoneknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.11．Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof________satasmallboy.12．Therearealotofstudentshere,noneof________likethefilm.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,________allowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.2．Furtherup,theweatherchanges—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,________arecoveredwiththickgrass.3．IhaveagoodmandofEnglishandChinese,________isbeneficialforintroducingChinesepaintings.4．I'mLiHua,anoutgoingboy,________isstudyinginLondon.5．NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.6．Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.7．“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology，”saidLaurieDemerit,________panyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.8．Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,among________Isoonfoundmyself.9．Therewasatime________peoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.10．WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,thereareobviouslymanyothersituations________canarise.Ⅲ.單句寫作1．昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先?。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．我有一本封面是紅色的故事書。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．她永遠(yuǎn)忘不了她結(jié)婚的那一天。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．那就是我遲到的原因。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．我有兩個姐妹，她們都是老師。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartⅥ單元語法專題——限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句語法精講[即學(xué)即練1]①who/that句意：它們被它們的主人訓(xùn)練得很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾theirmasters，先行詞指人，且從句中缺少主語。故填關(guān)系代詞who/that。②which/that分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞asolution，指物，且定語從句中缺少主語，故用關(guān)系代詞which/that。③when句意：我們進(jìn)入了一個夢想最有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的時(shí)代。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞anage，且空處在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞when。④where分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞world，且空處在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where。⑤why分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞severalreasons，且空處在從句中作原因狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞why。⑥whose分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作定語，secretary與Dr.Rowan之間為所屬關(guān)系，故填whose。[即學(xué)即練2]①where句意：后來，他在非洲工作，那里的許多人因?yàn)槿狈m當(dāng)?shù)闹委煻??？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，故用關(guān)系副詞，先行詞為Africa，表示地點(diǎn)，故此處用where。②that分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句缺少主語，先行詞為thefood，且被all修飾，故定語從句要用that引導(dǎo)。[即學(xué)即練3]①who分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞one，先行詞指人，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，故填who。②which句意：她和她的家人騎自行車上班，這有助于他們保持健康。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面的“Sheandherfamilybicycletowork”這件事，且空處在從句中作主語，故填which。③when句意：史密斯先生擁有這幅油畫，直到20世紀(jì)90年代初，他把它給了他的孫子。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為th