中考英語(yǔ)人教版一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題突破+學(xué)案+題型三　閱讀理解

題型三閱讀理解從近幾年的廣東中考考題來(lái)看，閱讀理解題包括A、B、C三篇短文。A篇是應(yīng)用文，一般以表格、圖表或配有圖片的短文等形式出現(xiàn)。一般都可以直接從文中找出答案。該題型主要考查短文的細(xì)節(jié)信息，間或有短文出處、寫(xiě)作對(duì)象及目的的考查。B篇是考查學(xué)生能力的短文，一般為說(shuō)明性的短文(科普文)。除考查對(duì)文章的整體把握和關(guān)鍵信息的提取之外，還考查詞義猜測(cè)、推理判斷以及文章主旨大意歸納的能力。C篇為配對(duì)閱讀題，命題者給考生提供若干段簡(jiǎn)短的信息，讓學(xué)生把相應(yīng)的信息進(jìn)行配對(duì)，屬于細(xì)節(jié)考查題，難度不大，要盡量不失分。年份篇序話題主題考點(diǎn)2023ADIY紙扇人與自我(勤于動(dòng)手，樂(lè)于實(shí)踐)51細(xì)節(jié)理解題52細(xì)節(jié)理解題53細(xì)節(jié)理解題54細(xì)節(jié)理解題55寫(xiě)作意圖題B動(dòng)物的方向感人與自然(在探索動(dòng)物的過(guò)程中認(rèn)識(shí)動(dòng)物、保護(hù)動(dòng)物)56文章出處題57細(xì)節(jié)理解題58詞義猜測(cè)題(英文猜英文)59推理判斷題60最佳標(biāo)題題C青少年與父母的分歧與建議人與社會(huì)(良好的人際關(guān)系與人際交往，培養(yǎng)合理金錢觀)61～65細(xì)節(jié)匹配題2022A一則關(guān)于智能家庭秀的廣告人與社會(huì)(科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù))51細(xì)節(jié)理解題52圖文理解題53細(xì)節(jié)理解題54細(xì)節(jié)理解題55細(xì)節(jié)理解題B世界著名的登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員杰瑞的故事人與社會(huì)(挑戰(zhàn)自我，幫助社會(huì))56段落大意題57詞義猜測(cè)題(英文猜英文)58細(xì)節(jié)理解題59推理判斷題60最佳標(biāo)題題C短信與回復(fù)人與社會(huì)(良好的人際溝通)61～65細(xì)節(jié)匹配題2021A摘草莓的注意事項(xiàng)人與社會(huì)51細(xì)節(jié)理解題52細(xì)節(jié)理解題53細(xì)節(jié)理解題54細(xì)節(jié)理解題55推理判斷題B學(xué)生Laura發(fā)起Feed&Find項(xiàng)目，既幫助解決糧食浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題，也幫助了有需要的人人與社會(huì)(良好人際交往，和諧社區(qū)生活)56推理判斷題57細(xì)節(jié)理解題58細(xì)節(jié)理解題59詞義猜測(cè)題(英文猜英文)60最佳標(biāo)題題C英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)與語(yǔ)境人與自我(激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣，掌握英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法)61～65細(xì)節(jié)匹配題A(2023·廣東)Whenit’shotoutsideandwehavetogoout，surelywewanttokeepcool.Wecanputonhats，wearlightclothing，orstayatacoolplace.However，nothingcanbeatagoodfan.NowI’llshowyouhowtomakeagoodDIY(DoItYourself)paperfan.WhattopreparePleasepreparetwopiecesofpaper.Allpaperwillwork，butyourDIYfancanbeusedforalongtimewithquality(優(yōu)質(zhì)的)paper.Thengetglue，twosticks，etc.HowtomakeaDIYfanThefirststepistodrawpicturesonthepaper.Justdrawanythingyoulike.Thenextstepistofoldup(折疊)thepaper.Thengluethetwopiecesoffoldedpapertogether.Afterthat，paintthesticks.Thefinalstepistogluethesticksontothefoldedpaper.Andeverythingisdone.Ifyoulookatyourwatch，youwillbesurprised:ittakeslessthan15minutestomakeagoodpaperfan.Thenyoucanfolditupanddropitinyourbag.Whenyouareoutintheheatnexttime，justtakeitoutandenjoythegentlewind.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了紙扇可以保持涼爽以及制作紙扇的步驟。)51．Whichisthebestwaytokeepcoolaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Puttingonhats. B．Usingagoodfan.C．Wearinglightclothing. D．Stayingatacoolplace.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Wecanputonhats，wearlightclothing，orstayatacoolplace.However，nothingcanbeatagoodfan.”可知，天熱想保持涼爽的最佳方式就是使用一把好扇子。故選B。52．Whyisqualitypaperagoodchoicetomakeafan?A．Itislight. B．Itiscolorful.C．Itlastslong. D．Itlooksbeautiful.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whattoprepare中“Allpaperwillwork，butyourDIYfancanbeusedforalongtimewithquality(優(yōu)質(zhì)的)paper.”可知，使用優(yōu)質(zhì)紙張是因?yàn)榭梢宰尲埳乳L(zhǎng)時(shí)間使用。故選C。53．Whatisthesecondstepofmakingapaperfan?A．Paintingthesticks. B．Drawingpicturesonthepaper.C．Foldingupthepaper. D．Gluingthesticksontothefoldedpaper.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HowtomakeaDIYfan中“Thenextstepistofoldup(折疊)thepaper.”可知，第二個(gè)步驟是把紙折疊起來(lái)。故選C。54．Fromthelastparagraph，wecantellthatmakingapaperfanis.A．quickB．difficultC．boringD．strange答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ifyoulookatyourwatch，youwillbesurprised：ittakeslessthan15minutestomakeagoodpaperfan.”可知，制作紙扇是非?？斓?。故選A。55．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Tosellpaperfans. B．Toshowhowtosavetime.C．Toshareafunstory. D．Toteachhowtomakepaperfans.答案D解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。本文介紹了紙扇可以保持涼爽以及制作紙扇的步驟，即寫(xiě)作目的是教我們?nèi)绾沃谱骷埳?。故選D。BSomeanimalscaneasilyfindtheirwayhomeafteralongjourney.Howdotheymakeit?Scientificresearchshowsthattheyarebornwithcertainunusualabilitiesfordirection.Acertainkindofants，forexample，cancounttheirstepstoavoidgettinglost.Theycangoasfaras110metresandbringfoodhome.Theseantsliveintheopendesert(沙漠)，sotheyhavenothingtoguidethemalongtheway.It’slikesomeonewalkingsixkilometresthroughadarkforest.Somefishhaveanunbelievablesenseofsmell.Theycansmellevenasingledropoftheirhomewaterinalargeseaarea.Someseabirdshaveasimilarability.Theyareabletomakeasmellmapoftheirflyingarea.Someanimalscansensetheearth’smagneticfield(磁場(chǎng))，whilehumanscan’t.Thismagneticfieldguidesacertainkindoffishwhentheyswimalongwaytoaplaceandthenback.Howcanthiskindoffishdothat?Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.However，animalswithsuchunusualabilitiesstillhavedifficultydealingwithenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanactivities.Forexample，manybirdsdependonstarsfordirection，buttheygetlosteasilyatnightwhencitylightsarekeptonallnight.Tosolvethisproblem，wecansimplyturnoffsomelightsatnight.Clearly，onesmallactofhumansmaymeanalottoanimals.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了一些動(dòng)物天生就具有某些不尋常的方向感。)56．Whereisthispassagemostprobablyfrom?A．Astorybook. B．Anartmagazine.C．Aguidebook. D．Asciencemagazine.答案D解析文章出處題。本文是圍繞“動(dòng)物的方向感”展開(kāi)，可能會(huì)在科學(xué)雜志上看到。故選D。57．Howcanacertainkindofantsfindtheirway?A．Byimaginingtheway. B．Bycountingtheirsteps.C．Bybringingfoodtogether. D．Bywalkingthroughaforest.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Acertainkindofants，forexample，cancounttheirstepstoavoidgettinglost.”可知，一些螞蟻可以通過(guò)數(shù)步數(shù)來(lái)避免迷路。故選B。58．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mystery”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Secret.B．Choice.C．Reason.D．Feeling.答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.”可知，科學(xué)家還沒(méi)有答案，因此可推知畫(huà)線單詞“mystery”與A選項(xiàng)“秘密”意思相近。故選A。59．Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Tohelpanimals. B．Totravelatnight.C．Tokeepcitylightson. D．Todevelopunusualabilities.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句可知，本段說(shuō)明人類的一個(gè)小舉動(dòng)可能對(duì)動(dòng)物意義重大，因此是建議人們要幫助動(dòng)物。故選A。60．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Birds’SenseofLight B．Fish’sSenseofSmellC．Animals’SenseofDirection D．Animals’SenseofMagneticField答案C解析最佳標(biāo)題題。本文介紹了有些動(dòng)物天生就具有某些不尋常的方向感，因此“動(dòng)物的方向感”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。C配對(duì)閱讀。左欄是五名學(xué)生的困惑，右欄是七則建議，請(qǐng)將每個(gè)學(xué)生的困惑和對(duì)應(yīng)的建議進(jìn)行匹配。61.Mymumdidn’tagreetobuyanothermodelracingcarforme.Shesaiditwouldbeawasteofmoney.Iamangrywithher.()62.Iwantapairofbasketballshoesformytraining.ButIdon’twanttoaskmyparentsformoney.()63.Igetasmuchpocketmoneyasmysistereachmonth.Butmymoneyrunsoutmuchmorequicklythanhers.()64.IthinkIcanspendallmyluckymoney.Butmyfatherdoesn’tallowmeto.()65.Mymumwantsmetodotheweeklyshoppingforourfamily.ButIdon’tknowhowtospendmoneywisely.()A.Youcanmakeashoppinglistfirst.Andyoumaygotodifferentsupermarketstocomparepricesbeforeyoumakeadecision.B.Youshouldunderstandyourmum.Amodelcarisnotamust.Parentsknowmoreaboutthevalueofmoneyastheyworkhardtosupportthefamily.C.Writedownyourdailyspendingofthepocketmoneyinanotebook.Thismayhelpyouavoidunnecessaryspending.D.Youcanlearnnumbersfirst.Forexample，youcancountcoinsandbanknoteswithyourparents.E.Maybeyoucanhaveayardsaletogetmoneyforyourshoes.Theremustbethingsyoudon’tneedanymorelikeoldtoysormagazines.F.Iagreewithyourfather.Youcankeeppartofyourluckymoneyinabankinsteadofusingitup.Thiscanhelpyousavemoneyforthefuture.G.Youcaninvitesomeoneworkinginabanktoyourclubtogiveatalk.Inthisway，youcanknowmoreabouthowbankswork.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文左欄是五位學(xué)生的困惑，右欄是七則建議。)61．答案B解析根據(jù)第一位同學(xué)的困惑可知，這位同學(xué)因?yàn)閶寢尣煌赓I另外一輛賽車模型而感到生氣，B選項(xiàng)“你應(yīng)該理解你媽媽。模型車不是必需品。由于父母努力工作養(yǎng)家，所以他們更了解錢的價(jià)值?！狈项}意，故選B。62．答案E解析根據(jù)這位同學(xué)的困惑可知，這位同學(xué)想買一雙訓(xùn)練穿的籃球鞋，但又不想向父母要錢，E選項(xiàng)“也許你可以舉辦一場(chǎng)庭院拍賣來(lái)賺錢買鞋。你一定有不再需要的東西，比如舊玩具或雜志?！狈项}意，故選E。63．答案C解析根據(jù)這位同學(xué)的困惑可知，他的零花錢比妹妹的花得快，C選項(xiàng)“把你每天花費(fèi)的零花錢記在筆記本上。這可以幫助你避免不必要的支出?！狈项}意，故選C。64．答案F解析根據(jù)這位同學(xué)的困惑可知，這位同學(xué)想花完所有的壓歲錢，但是爸爸不同意，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“我同意你父親的看法。你可以把一部分壓歲錢存入銀行，而不是用完。這可以幫助你為未來(lái)省錢。”符合題意，故選F。65.答案A解析根據(jù)這位同學(xué)的困惑可知，媽媽要求他去做家庭采購(gòu)，但他不知道如何明智地花錢，A選項(xiàng)“你可以先列一個(gè)購(gòu)物清單。在你做決定之前，你可以去不同的超市比較價(jià)格?！狈项}意，故選A。類型一閱讀A、B題型一細(xì)節(jié)理解題一、命題形式細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。廣東中考閱讀理解中細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要有以下考查方向：1．5W＋1H細(xì)節(jié)題5W＋1H細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章中發(fā)生什么事、事件的主要人物、事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、過(guò)程、結(jié)果的理解。此類題目題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是解題的關(guān)鍵，學(xué)生需將題干中的關(guān)鍵詞代入原文中進(jìn)行比對(duì)，得出正確答案。2．EXCEPT/TRUE題根據(jù)廣東中考真題可知，EXCEPT題出現(xiàn)在2019、2018年的閱讀A篇中，TRUE題出現(xiàn)在2018年的閱讀B篇中。此類題目主要是對(duì)某個(gè)點(diǎn)的全面考查或是對(duì)全文細(xì)節(jié)的考查，學(xué)生需對(duì)全文的細(xì)節(jié)有全面的了解和把握，用排除法得出正確答案。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：①Accordingtothepassage，thefollowingsare...EXCEPT.②WhichofthefollowingisTRUE/FALSE?3．?dāng)?shù)字計(jì)算題根據(jù)廣東中考真題可知，數(shù)字計(jì)算題多以howmany進(jìn)行設(shè)問(wèn)，考查某個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)下包含多少個(gè)小點(diǎn)，學(xué)生需弄懂文章中各要點(diǎn)間的邏輯關(guān)系；或是考查年份、月份或金錢的計(jì)算，文章中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)多個(gè)數(shù)字，學(xué)生需對(duì)它們進(jìn)行比對(duì)、分析、計(jì)算得出正確答案。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：①Howmany...doesthewritermentioninparagraph...?②Sbandsb.willpay...fortheticket.二、解題方法方法1排除干擾項(xiàng)法細(xì)節(jié)理解題中，部分題目的干擾選項(xiàng)往往是正確細(xì)節(jié)與非正確細(xì)節(jié)的混雜，考生需將選項(xiàng)與原文進(jìn)行比對(duì)，排除干擾選項(xiàng)，得出正確答案。真題體驗(yàn)1(2022·閱讀A節(jié)選)NowyourkidscantrythesedevicesatthesmarthomeshowinourcommunitysciencecenterfromAugust1sttoAugust14th...OpeningHours:1：00p．m.－9：00p．m.fromTuesdaytoSunday；closedonMonday.53．Whencanavisitorenterthesciencecenter?A．OnMondaymorning. B．OnSundaymorning.C．OnMondayafternoon. D．OnSundayafternoon.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OpeningHours部分“1：00p．m.－9：00p．mfromTuesdaytoSunday；closedonMonday.”可知，游客周日下午可以參觀科學(xué)中心。故選D。方法2同義轉(zhuǎn)換法細(xì)節(jié)理解題中還有一部分題目的題干關(guān)鍵詞與選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵信息是對(duì)原文進(jìn)行了同義轉(zhuǎn)換，同義轉(zhuǎn)換的部分可能是一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，也可能是一個(gè)句子或相關(guān)的若干句子，此時(shí)需要對(duì)比選項(xiàng)與原文的意思是否一致。真題體驗(yàn)2(2021·閱讀A節(jié)選)Forsafety，youmustuseournewbasketsonly.Abasketalonecosts5yuan.Itholdsabout2kgofstrawberriesandabasketofstrawberriesispricedat50yuanintotal.52．Thefarmprovidesnewbaskets.A．tocutdownthecost B．toprotecttheenvironmentC．tokeepcustomerssafe D．tocarrymorestrawberries答案C解析根據(jù)“Forsafety，youmustuseournewbasketsonly.”可知，safe與safety為同義詞，故選C。方法3細(xì)節(jié)推敲法這類題目不能直接從原文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的詞或短語(yǔ)，學(xué)生需根據(jù)文章的隱含意義，如原因、前提或結(jié)果等對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推敲，得出正確答案。真題體驗(yàn)3(2023·閱讀A節(jié)選)Ifyoulookatyourwatch，youwillbesurprised:ittakeslessthan15minutestomakeagoodpaperfan.Thenyoucanfolditupanddropitinyourbag.Whenyouareoutintheheatnexttime，justtakeitoutandenjoythegentlewind.54．Fromthelastparagraph，wecantellthatmakingapaperfanis.A．quick B．difficultC．boring D．strange答案A解析根據(jù)“Ifyoulookatyourwatch，youwillbesurprised：ittakeslessthan15minutestomakeagoodpaperfan.”可推知，制作紙扇是非?？斓?。故選A。真題體驗(yàn)4(2021·閱讀B節(jié)選)Prettycool，right?It’snotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaura，hopingthatshecouldhelpdevelopsimilarprojectsfortheircommunities.58．PeopleinothercitieswouldlikeLaurato.A．findatruckdriver B．visittheircommunitiesC．giveawayfoodtothem D．helpdevelopprojectslikehers答案D解析由“hopingthatshecouldhelpdevelopsimilarprojectsfortheircommunities”可知，人們希望Laura能幫助他們發(fā)展一樣的項(xiàng)目。故選D。題型二推理判斷題一、命題形式推理判斷題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息，推斷出未知的信息。此類題目不能直接從文中找到答案，學(xué)生需根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)或文章所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推斷，不可憑個(gè)人臆斷進(jìn)行選擇。二、解題方法1．隱含推斷題此類題目主要立足于文章的細(xì)節(jié)，學(xué)生需要從細(xì)節(jié)中找到線索，總結(jié)推理出正確答案。真題體驗(yàn)5(2023·閱讀B節(jié)選)However，animalswithsuchunusualabilitiesstillhavedifficultydealingwithenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanactivities.Forexample，manybirdsdependonstarsfordirection，buttheygetlosteasilyatnightwhencitylightsarekeptonallnight.Tosolvethisproblem，wecansimplyturnoffsomelightsatnight.Clearly，onesmallactofhumansmaymeanalottoanimals.59．Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Tohelpanimals. B．Totravelatnight.C．Tokeepcitylightson. D．Todevelopunusualabilities.答案A解析根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，文章建議人們通過(guò)環(huán)保行動(dòng)來(lái)幫助和保護(hù)動(dòng)物。故選A。真題體驗(yàn)6(2022·閱讀B節(jié)選)ForJerry，thiskindofadventureismostsatisfying.“Suchadventureshavemadeusseelifeinadifferentway.Now，beingthebestclimberisn’timportantforme.Whatmattersisdoingsomethinghelpfulwhileclimbingthemountains.Thereisstillmuchmorewecando，”Jerrysaidtoanewspaper.59．Jerry’sandhisfriends’adventureshavechanged.A．theirhobbies B．theirfriendshipC．theirunderstandingoflife D．theirlivingconditions答案C解析根據(jù)句中“Suchadventureshavemadeusseelifeinadifferentway.”可知，Jerry和朋友們的探險(xiǎn)改變了他們對(duì)生命的理解。故選C。2．文章出處題此類題目可以根據(jù)文章的用詞和體裁來(lái)推斷文章的出處，也可以根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容的主題意義來(lái)確定文章的出處。常見(jiàn)的題干設(shè)題形式如下：Thepassageismostprobablyfrom.Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom?Wherecanyoumostprobablyreadthispassage?Inwhichpartofthenewspaperwillyoufindthepassage?真題體驗(yàn)7(2023·閱讀B節(jié)選)Someanimalscaneasilyfindtheirwayhomeafteralongjourney.Howdotheymakeit?Scientificresearchshowsthattheyarebornwithcertainunusualabilitiesfordirection.56．Whereisthispassagemostprobablyfrom?A．Astorybook. B．Anartmagazine.C．Aguidebook. D．Asciencemagazine.答案D解析本文是圍繞“動(dòng)物的方向感”展開(kāi)，可能會(huì)在科學(xué)雜志上看到。故選D。3．讀者對(duì)象題此類題目要先了解文章主旨大意，抓住文章中能提示讀者對(duì)象的詞或句進(jìn)行判斷。真題體驗(yàn)8(2019·閱讀A節(jié)選)Bullying(欺凌)canhappentoanyone.Agreatmanychildrenaroundtheworldarebulliedeveryyear，buttherearethingsthatcanbedonetohelp...Whatcanyoudo?Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou，tellanadultthatyouknowandlike.Forexample，talktoaparentorateacher.60．Thispassageismainlywrittenfor.A．teachers B．parentsC．children D．thepolice答案C解析通讀全文尤其是Whatcanyoudo？部分的內(nèi)容可推知，本文主要是寫(xiě)給孩子的。故選C。4．寫(xiě)作意圖/目的題判斷文章的目的，可以從文章的主題句入手，先了解文章大意，再對(duì)作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的進(jìn)行推斷。常見(jiàn)的題干設(shè)題形式如下：Whatisthemainpurpose/ideaofthepassage?What’sthepurposeofthepassage?What’sthewritingpurposeofthe...paragraph？真題體驗(yàn)9(2023·閱讀A節(jié)選)Whenit’shotoutsideandwehavetogoout，surelywewanttokeepcool.Wecanputonhats，wearlightclothing，orstayatacoolplace.However，nothingcanbeatagoodfan.NowI’llshowyouhowtomakeagoodDIY(DoItYourself)paperfan.Whattoprepare...HowtomakeaDIYfan...55．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Tosellpaperfans. B．Toshowhowtosavetime.C．Toshareafunstory. D．Toteachhowtomakepaperfans.答案D解析本文介紹了紙扇可以保持涼爽以及制作紙扇的步驟，即寫(xiě)作目的是教我們?nèi)绾沃谱骷埳?。故選D。真題體驗(yàn)10(2019·閱讀B節(jié)選)Inourdailylife，robotsareoftenfoundtodoworkthatistoodangerous，boring，difficult，ordirty.Andweoftenseekidsplaywithtoyrobots.Butwhatexactlyisarobot?Therearesomeimportantcharacteristics(特征)thatarobotmusthave.Thesecharacteristicsmighthelpyoutodecidewhatisandwhatisnotarobot.65.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tohelppeopleunderstandwhatarobotis.B．Totellwhatarobotcandoinourlife.C．Todescribethemovementofarobot.D．Tointroducethehistoryofrobots.答案A解析根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要給我們介紹了什么是機(jī)器人。故選A。5．觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題推斷作者對(duì)某人某事的看法或者作者本人所持的觀點(diǎn)，作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度通常在首段或尾段表現(xiàn)得最為明顯。真題體驗(yàn)11(2021·閱讀B節(jié)選)Accordingtoaresearch，morethan130billionpoundsofuneatenfoodgotowasteinLaura’scountyeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearlyfoodsupply(供應(yīng))．Itisasadfact，especiallywhenyouconsiderhowmanyfamiliesandhomelesspeopleareinhunger.56．Thenumbersinparagraph1tellus.A．somepeoplearepoor B．foodwasteisseriousC．thepopulationislarge D．theresearchisinteresting答案B解析根據(jù)文中的數(shù)據(jù)可推知，作者旨在告訴我們食物浪費(fèi)很嚴(yán)重。故選B。題型三詞義猜測(cè)題一、命題形式詞義猜測(cè)題考查學(xué)生對(duì)一定的詞匯在特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中的意義的理解，要求學(xué)生對(duì)文中個(gè)別難詞、關(guān)鍵詞做出解釋。解答這類題目，學(xué)生需要利用上下文的關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)來(lái)確定其確切含義。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式如下：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”inbablymean?Whatdoestheword“...”inparagraph...meaninChinese?Theunderlinedword“...”inthispassagemeansinChinese.TheChinesemeaningof“...”is.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“...”inthepassage?Theunderlinedword“it/they/them”inparagraph...isabout.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph...referto?二、解題方法1．語(yǔ)境推斷法大部分的詞義猜測(cè)題都可以通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境推斷出答案，學(xué)生可以根據(jù)上下文之間的并列關(guān)系、已知信息與生詞的同義關(guān)系、反義關(guān)系等邏輯關(guān)系推斷出生詞的意思。真題體驗(yàn)12(2023·閱讀B節(jié)選)Someanimalscansensetheearth’smagneticfield(磁場(chǎng))，whilehumanscan’t.Thismagneticfieldguidesacertainkindoffishwhentheyswimalongwaytoaplaceandthenback.Howcanthiskindoffishdothat?Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.58.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mystery”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Secret. B．Choice.C．Reason. D．Feeling.答案A解析根據(jù)“Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.”可知，科學(xué)家還沒(méi)有答案，因此可推知畫(huà)線部分“mystery”與A選項(xiàng)“秘密”意思相近。故選A。真題體驗(yàn)13(2022·閱讀B節(jié)選)AlthoughJerryhadachievedgreatsuccess，hedidn’tfeelfulfilled.Heaskedhimself，“Isitenoughtoclimbthehighestmountains?AmIdoingsomethinghelpful?HowcanIturnmyadventuresintosomethingthatcanhelptheworld？”57．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fulfilled”inparagraph2mean?A．Satisfied. B．Lonely.C．Patient. D．Worried.答案A解析根據(jù)第二段第一句“AlthoughJerryhadachievedgreatsuccess”可知，此處表讓步關(guān)系，后句應(yīng)是他沒(méi)有感到滿足。因此“fulfilled”在此處的意思是滿足的，和satisfied意思相近。故選A。2．定義法此類題目中，用文中的一個(gè)句子或段落給生詞定義；用破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)、分號(hào)后的內(nèi)容或引號(hào)、括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容對(duì)生詞加以解釋或定義。真題體驗(yàn)14(2019·閱讀B節(jié)選)IntelligenceArobotneedssomekindof“smarts”．Aprogrammeristhepersonwhogivestherobotits“smarts”．Therobotwillhavetohaveacertainwaytoreceivetheprogramsothatitknowswhatitistodo.64．TheChinesemeaningof“Intelligence”inthelastparagraphis.A．能源B．勤奮C．智能D．外觀答案C解析畫(huà)線詞后面的內(nèi)容都在解釋什么是intelligence，分析可知選C。3．構(gòu)詞法通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義，主要分為派生法和合成法兩類。派生詞的詞義可依據(jù)“前綴變?cè)~義，后綴變?cè)~性”的原則來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義，如：unsatisfied，speechless。合成法由兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的單詞合成一個(gè)新單詞，考生需熟悉每個(gè)獨(dú)立單詞的詞義，來(lái)猜出新單詞的意思，如：homemade。真題體驗(yàn)15(2020·閱讀B節(jié)選)However，from2012to2016，poaching(偷獵)andillegaltradeintheelephantsincreasedrapidly.Eighty-threeelephantswerelostin2015alone，andanotherfifty-oneelephantswerekilledin2016.“Ifthissituationgoeson，alltheGourmaelephantswillbekilledby2020，”saidamemberofMEP.57．Whatdoestheword“illegal”inparagraph4meaninChinese?A．公平的B．虧損的C．非法的D．合理的答案C解析由否定前綴il-可知，此處表示否定意思，legal合法的，illegal即為不合法的，故選C。4．生活常識(shí)猜詞義經(jīng)典例題1Lisaletthehairdressertrimherhairabitbecauseitgrewtoolong.Whatdoestheword“trim”meaninChinese?A．Cut.B．Put.C．Control.D．Wash.答案A解析由常識(shí)可知，頭發(fā)長(zhǎng)了，需要修剪，cut有修剪的意思。故選A。5．列舉事例猜詞義經(jīng)典例題2MynameisTom.Iwanttojoinaclubinmyschool.I’mnotfamous(著名的)now，butmaybeIcanbefamoussomeday.Ican’tsingordanceoract，butIcandomanyotherthings.Icanplaythreekindsofinstruments：theguitar，theviolinandthedrums.IthinkIcanbeinthemusicclub.MaybeIcanbeafamousmusician.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“instruments”inChinese?A．樂(lè)譜B．樂(lè)器C．樂(lè)章D．琴答案B解析由畫(huà)線詞后面的theguitar，theviolinandthedrums可知，它們都屬于樂(lè)器，故選B。題型四主旨大意題一、命題形式主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的概括能力，要求學(xué)生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，歸納短文或某一段落的大意、概括文章的中心思想或?qū)懗鑫恼碌臉?biāo)題。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式如下：Which/Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?Whatisparagraph...mainlyabout?Thebesttitleofthispassageis.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?Thepassageismainlyabout.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?Thepassagemainlytalksabout.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage/paragraph...?二、解題方法第一步：定位主題句，弄懂文章中心思想。方法1開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山主題句出現(xiàn)在文首，這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要是為了開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，先提出主題，然后圍繞主題用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋、論證或發(fā)展主題思想。方法2藏頭露尾主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾，這種結(jié)構(gòu)往往是先闡述細(xì)節(jié)，然后歸納要點(diǎn)，得出結(jié)論，概括主題。方法3臥虎藏龍主題句隱含在全文中，沒(méi)有明確的主題句。閱讀這樣的文章，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)分析、概括、推導(dǎo)出文章的主題。具體方法是：明確各個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容以及它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系，尋找核心詞和高頻詞，然后加以歸納形成主題。第二步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，排除干擾項(xiàng)。主旨大意題的正確選項(xiàng)需要具有概括性，不能以偏概全或是泛泛而談；選擇文章最佳標(biāo)題，要注意標(biāo)題需具有概括性、針對(duì)性和醒目性，標(biāo)題要囊括文章的主要內(nèi)容，指向文章的主要特點(diǎn)。廣東中考中主旨大意題的干擾選項(xiàng)通常有以下特征：以偏概全、擴(kuò)大概念、縮小概念、邏輯錯(cuò)誤等。真題體驗(yàn)16(2023·閱讀B節(jié)選)Someanimalscaneasilyfindtheirwayhomeafteralongjourney.Howdotheymakeit?Scientificresearchshowsthattheyarebornwithcertainunusualabilitiesfordirection.Acertainkindofants，forexample，cancounttheirstepstoavoidgettinglost...Somefishhaveanunbelievablesenseofsmell...Someanimalscansensetheearth’smagneticfield(磁場(chǎng))，whilehumanscan’t...However，animalswithsuchunusualabilitiesstillhavedifficultydealingwithenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanactivities...60．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Birds’SenseofLight B．Fish’sSenseofSmellC．Animals’SenseofDirection D．Animals’SenseofMagneticField答案C解析本文介紹了有些動(dòng)物天生就具有某些不尋常的方向感，因此“動(dòng)物的方向感”為最佳標(biāo)題。故填C。真題體驗(yàn)17(2022·閱讀B節(jié)選)Jerryisaworld-famousmountainclimber.Hehasclimbedmanyhighmountainsintheworld.Startingin2015，heandhisfriendsspenttwoyearsonanadventure(探險(xiǎn))inSouthAmerica，covering7,800miles.HewasevennamedAdventureroftheYearbyafamousgeographymagazinein2018.56．Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?A．Jerry’sfriends. B．Jerry’sachievements.C．Highmountains. D．Ageographymagazine.答案B解析通讀第一段尤其是最后一句“HewasevennamedAdventureroftheYearbyafamousgeographymagazinein2018.”可知，第一段主要是講Jerry的成就的。故選B。類型二配對(duì)閱讀一、命題形式配對(duì)閱讀主要考查考生對(duì)文章的理解能力和信息匹配能力。常見(jiàn)類型如下：1．人名——觀點(diǎn)配對(duì)2.地名——描述配對(duì)3.問(wèn)題——建議配對(duì)4.需求——廣告配對(duì)5．情況——習(xí)語(yǔ)配對(duì)6.分類題二、解題方法1．找關(guān)鍵詞不要無(wú)目的、無(wú)重點(diǎn)地閱讀，而是要有目的、有選擇性地跳讀，要善于邏輯推理，抓住上下句子有關(guān)聯(lián)的信息，即關(guān)鍵詞。在信息匹配中，上下的句子往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)同樣的單詞，我們應(yīng)首先考慮它們是否就是匹配的一項(xiàng)。真題體驗(yàn)1(2023·配對(duì)閱讀61)Mymumdidn’tagreetobuyanothermodelracingcarforme.Shesaiditwouldbeawasteofmoney.Iamangrywithher.B．Youshouldunderstandyourmum.Amodelcarisnotamust.Parentsknowmoreaboutthevalueofmoneyastheyworkhardtosupportthefamily.分析由原文中關(guān)鍵詞modelracingcar可定位到B項(xiàng)中的modelcar。2．同義表達(dá)如果文中沒(méi)有可用于配對(duì)的關(guān)鍵詞，則找同義詞或句子。真題體驗(yàn)2(2022·配對(duì)閱讀64)Hi，Peter.Hasyourleggotanybetter?Wewillhaveamatchnextweek.Hopeyoucancomeandwatchit!G．Thanks.Itisgettingmuchbetternow.MydoctorsaidIcouldreturntothesportsfieldnextmonth.Anyway，I’llbetherenextweek.分析原文中“Hasyourleggotanybetter？”和G項(xiàng)中“Itisgettingmuchbetternow.”為同義句。(一)AChickenSoupfortheSoulMusicalTheaterWhatdoyougetwhenyoucombine(結(jié)合)theworld’sfavoritestorytellerwithtopproducers?YougetChickenSoupfortheSoulMusicalTheater.Thisamazingperformanceismadeupofsixnewmusicalplaysthataddresstoday’smostimportantsocialandemotional(情緒的)problemsforteenagers.Theyarecreative，thelatest，andallbasedonreal-lifeChickenSoupfortheSoulstories.Theseplayswerewrittenforstudentstoplay.Therearenoadultactors.Thisisallabouttheteensandtheirworld.Themusicalscoreswerewrittenforstudents’ears，too.Wehiredsomeoftoday’smostpopularandtalentedcomposers(作曲家)toscoretheseplays.Thesecomposerswillkeepstudentsenergetic.Mostimportantly，though，theseplayswilldosomuchmorethanpleasepeople—they’llteach.Showtime：7：00p．m.－9：00p．m，fromSaturdaytoSunday，September,2023Showplace：QueenOlympicPark，EastLondonVisitors：Peopleofallages.5dollarsEACH.Educatorsandteensunder18arefree.Moreinformation：1．Nofoodanddrinksinside.2．Keepquietandturnoffmobilephones.3．Visithttps：//togetafullunderstandingoftheprogram.1．Whatistheperformanceabout?A．Theworldofadultactors.B．Sixclassicalmusicalplays.C．Thelifeoftheworld’stopproducers.D．Themostimportantproblemsforteenagers.答案D2．WhoactinChickenSoupfortheSoulMusicalTheater?A．Adults.B．Students.C．Producers.D．Educators.答案B3．Howlongdoestheperformancelast?A．Halfanhour.B．Anhour.C．Twohours.D．Threehours.答案C4．Howmuchshouldateacherwithhis12-year-oldsonpay?A．5dollars.B．10dollars.C．15dollars.D．Free.答案D5．Whichismentionedinthepassage?A．TheperformanceisinEastOlympicPark.B．Eatinganddrinkingarenotallowedinside.C．Talkingonthephoneisallowedinside.D．Callingtoknowmoreabouttheperformanceisadvised.答案BB(2023·惠州一模)Yourbelovedpetmaybehurtingyoursleep，newresearchfinds.Thoughpetscanbehelpfulforhealth，petownerwaslikelytohavepoorersleep，accordingtoastudy.Theresearcherscorrectedfactorsthatcouldinfluencesleep，includingrace(種族)andincome(收入)，aswellasage，gender(性別)andBMI，andfocusedonwhetherapersonhadasleepdisorderandwhetherapersonhadacatoradog.Thefindingsshowedthathavingadogwasconnectedwithagreaterchanceofhavingasleepdisorderandhavingtroublesleeping，whilehavingacatwasconnectedwithhavingahigherchanceoflegjerks(抽搐)inthenight.“Theageofthepethasabiginfluenceonwhetherornottheykeepyouupatnight，”VanEgmondsaid.“Ifyouhavemanypets，theycaneggeachotheron.”Withdogs，itdependsalotonthekindandtheactivitylevelitneeds.Makingsureapetgetsplentyofphysicalactivitiesandmentalstimulation(刺激)duringthedaycanhelpanimals—andtheirowners—getbetterrest.Unlikedogs，catsaremoreactiveatnightanditiseasiertouseuptheirenergy.Ifyouplaywithyourcatbeforeitisreadyforbed，youwouldmakeithardforcatstofallasleep.Ifyoufeedyourcatafterplayingwithit，yourcatwouldfeelthatithassuccessfullyhunteditsfoodandisrewardedwithanicemealinreturn.Thenitgoestosleepquickly.Thenewstudyshowsthatpetscaninfluenceyoursleep，butwehavetoreallythinkaboutthatpetsaremuchmorethanapetinourfamily.6．Whatcanmakeagreatdifferencetoyoursleep?A．Food. B．Pets.C．Work. D．Noise.答案B7．Ifyouhaveadog，youmayhavetroublein.A．playingwithit B．studyC．gettingmoremoney D．sleeping答案D8．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“eggeachotheron”mean?A．Encourageeachothertofightorquarrel.B．Haveatalkwitheachother.C．Helpeachother.D．Learnfromeachother.答案A9．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Weshouldseethepetsasourfamily.B．Catsareveryactiveinthedaytime.C．Allthedogscaninfluenceyoursleep.D．Nomatterhowmuchacateats，itisalwaysfullofenergy.答案A10．Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A．Travel. B．Animals.C．Culture. D．Health.答案DC配對(duì)閱讀。左欄是五個(gè)人的愿望，右欄是七座城市的簡(jiǎn)介。請(qǐng)為每個(gè)人選出最合適的旅游城市。11.Alicehasbeendrawingsinceshewasfouryearsold.Nowshewantstoknowmoreaboutsomefamouspaintings.()12.Paulshowsgreatinterestinhavingthecomingsummerholidaysinaseasidecity，inwhichthereisastretchofwhitesandbeachperfectforsunbathing.()13.Daisyisabookworm.Shehasalreadyreadmanybooksinthelocallibraryandcan’thelpfindingmoreinterestingbooks.()14.Jimthinkstherearefewtreesinhiscity.Hewouldliketoliveinaplacefilledwithtreesandbreathethecleanairthere.()15.Doralovesflowers.Sheboughtanewcameraandshewantedtorecordthebeautifulmomentsofdifferentkindsofflowerswithit.()A.SingaporeCityinSingaporeisamoderncitywithcolorfulbuildingsandmanykindsofplants.SothiscityisalsoknownastheGardenCity.Withmanytalltrees，lowshrubs(灌木)andlushgrasseverywhere，theenvironmenthereisquiteclean.B.AsthebirthplaceofRenaissance(文藝復(fù)興)，F(xiàn)lorenceinItalyishometoafamousartgallery(展覽館)．ManyfamousartworksduringtheRenaissanceareonshowhere，suchassomepaintingsofLeonardodaVinci.C.TokyoinJapanhasmanytop-ratedrestaurants.Cooksalwayscarefullychoosethemostseasonalingredients(原料)．Theyoftendoaslittletothefoodaspossibletobringoutthecolorandtaste.D.OxfordintheUKisaveryfamouscitybecauseofitslonghistoryandOxfordUniversity.Theuniversityhas120milesofbookshelves，showingitsdeepreadingculture.E.Withayear-roundaverage(平均的)temperatureof22℃，MedellininColumbiaiscalled“TheCityofEternal(永久的)Spring”．Theclimatemakesitaperfectplaceforflowers.ManyflowersareonshowinMedellininAugust.F.SydneyinAustraliaisacityalivewithwildlifesuchaskangaroosandkoalas.ThebestplacetomeetharmlesswildlifeistheRoyalBotanicGardensintheheartofthecity.What’smore，visitingtheGardensisfree.G.QingdaoinChinaisafamousseasidecity.Itisfamousforthebluesea，beautifulbeachesanddeliciousseafood.It’sawonderfulplaceforsummerholidays.答案11.B12.G13.D14.A15.E(二)AWelcometoQing