閱讀理解議論文- -2023年高考英語大題訓(xùn)練（新高考）（解析版）

專題04閱讀理解議論文

題型簡介

議論文閱讀理解一般作為全國卷閱理解中的CD篇，主要考查學(xué)生的圖輯思維能力。從文章中的細節(jié)、

主旨以及寫作意圖等方面著手、學(xué)生能從中總結(jié)出一個論點出來。議論文是說理性的文章，通常由論點、

論據(jù)、論證過程和結(jié)論組成。作者往往根據(jù)一些很普通的事實，通過嚴謹?shù)乃季S，縝密的推理得出一個具

有普遍性或指導(dǎo)性的觀點。該類文章邏輯性強，命題往往從事實的有關(guān)細節(jié)以及文章的主旨或作者的表達

意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。

典例在線

AcompanyinYancheng,Jiangsuprovince,reportedlyintroducedaninternaldocumentrequiringall

employeestostopusingiPhones.ThosewhocontinueusingiPhonescouldloseIheirjobswhilethosewhoswitch

toHuaweiwouldgetsubsidies,thedocumentsaid.

Askedwhy,aseniorcompanyexecutivesaidthemovewastoensurethesecurityofinformationand

commercialsecrets,andtoencouragealltosupportdomesticbrands.Someenterprisesandagenciesmighthave

securityconcerns,butforthecompanyinvolvedthatseemsunlikely,anditseemstobemoreofapublicityploy.

Therehavebeeninstancesinthepast,too,ofotherprivatecompaniesforbiddingemployeesfromusing

iPhonesandinsistingtheysupportChinesebrands.

AtatimewhentheUnitedStatesgovernmentisforcingUScompaniestostopdoingbusinesswithHuawei,it

isgoodtoseeChinesecompatriots（同胞）supportingChinesebrands.However,itisn,tApplethatisstopping

supplyingchipsandotherhigh-techpartstoHuawei.ItisUSpoliticians.Thepresidenthasalsoissuedexecutive

orderstoshutdownTikToksoastoforceittosellitsUSbusinessestoanAmericancompany.

ThebestwaytosupportChinesecompaniesistospeakoutagainstthoseUSpoliticians.Itisadvisable,for

example,tocreateawarenessamongfriendsintheUSaboutthewaysinwhichthesepoliticiansareharmingboth

ChineseandUSinterests.

BoycottingUSbrandssuchasAppleisnotatalladvisable.Itnotonlyviolates（侵犯）anindividual'spersonal

righttochoosewhatheorshelikes,italsocreatesalotofmisunderstanding.Ofcourse,organizationsthatdeal

withcriticalinformationcanasktheiremployeestousedomesticbrands.Butthatmustbedonelegally.

EvenHuaweifounderRenZhengfeisaidthatpatriotismshouldnotdecidewhetheronewantsaniPhoneora

Huawei.HesaidthathehadboughtApplecomputersforhisfamilyandthathiscompanymustlearnfromits

competitors.

1.Theunderlinedword"subsidies“inParagraph1probablymeans.

A.jobs

B.bonus

C.punishment

D.compliment

2.WhydidthecompanyrequireitsemployeestostopusingiPhonesaccordingtoitsleadership?

A.Theythoughtthecompany'ssecretinformationmightbestolenbyiPhones.

B.TheyfeltguiltandshameatusingiPhones.

C.Theyhadtoobeytheorderofthelocalgovernment.

D.TheythoughtusingiPhoneswasanactofshowingoff.

3.AccordingtothepassageallthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat.

A.someenterprisesandindividualsdon,tuseiPhonestotaketheirpatrioticstand

B.AppleisstoppingsupplyingchipstoHuawei

C.boycottingUSbrandsisnotatallwiseandappropriate

D.RenZhengfeiandhisfamilyalsouseAppleproducts

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.WeNeedtoUniteAgainstUsingiPhones

B.OneCompanyPloyMatterstoOneCountιy,sFuture

C.Can,tForceHuaweitoBeAppleofOne,sEye

D.ChineseCompatriots-LefsSwitchtoHuawei

【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。文章報道國內(nèi)有些企業(yè)因為美國政府迫使美國的一些公司停止和華為的貿(mào)易

往來而禁止員工使用蘋果手機，作者對這一觀點進行了駁斥，提出抵制蘋果等美國品牌根本不可取。這不

僅侵犯了個人選擇的權(quán)利，也造成了很多誤解。當然，處理關(guān)鍵信息的機構(gòu)可以要求員工使用國產(chǎn)品牌。

但這必須是合法的。

1.B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“ThosewhocontinueusingiPhonescouldlosetheirjobswhilethose

whoswitchtoHuaweiwouldgetSUbSidieS.（那些繼續(xù)使用蘋果手機的人可能會失去工作,而那些轉(zhuǎn)而使用華為

的人將獲得SUbSidieSy沖WhiIe可知，前后句是對比關(guān)系，“l(fā)osetheirjobs”與“getsubsidies”相對，結(jié)合選項

可知，使用蘋果手機的人可能會失去工作，而使用華為的人將獲得“獎金”，劃線詞與bonus同義。故選B。

2.A［解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“aseniorcompanyexecutivesaidthemovewastoensurethesecurityof

informationandcommercialsecrets,andtoencouragealltosupportdomesticbrands.Someenterprisesand

agenciesmighthavesecurityConCemS（該公司一位高管表示，此舉是為了確保信息和商業(yè)秘密的安全，并鼓

勵所有人支持國產(chǎn)品牌。部分企業(yè)和機構(gòu)可能存在安全顧慮）”可知，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層要求員工停止使用蘋果手機是因

為他們認為公司的機密信息可能會被蘋果手機竊取。故選Ao

3.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“However,itisn,tApplethatisstoppingsupplyingchipsandotherhigh-tech

partstoHuawei.ItisUSPOlitiCianS.（然而，停止向華為供應(yīng)芯片和其他高科技零部件的并不是蘋果公司。而是

美國政客）”可知，停止向華為供應(yīng)芯片和其他高科技零部的并不是蘋果公司，而是美國政客們的行為，所以

B項錯誤。故選B。

4.C【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合選項最后兩段中“BoycottingUSbrandsSuchasAppleisnotatall

advisable.Itnotonlyviolates（侵犯）anindividual'spersonalrighttochoosewhatheorshelikes,italsocreatesa

IOtofmiSUnderStanding.（抵制蘋果等美國品牌根本不可取。這不僅侵犯了個人選擇他或她喜歡的東西的權(quán)利，

也造成了很多誤解）“和"EvenHuaweifounderRenZhengfeisaidthatpatriotismshouldnotdecidewhetherone

wantsaniPhoneoraHUaWei.（就連華為創(chuàng)始人任正非也表示，愛國主義不應(yīng)該決定一個人是想要蘋果還是華

為）“可知，本文駁斥了有些企業(yè)禁止員工使用蘋果手機的作法，提出抵制蘋果等美國品牌根本不可取，任何

人無論使用蘋果手機還是華為手機都是個人的喜好和權(quán)利，不能用“愛國主義''來綁架。山此推知C項“Can't

ForceHuaweitoBeAppleofOne,sEye（不能強迫華為成為掌上明珠）”是本文要表達的觀點，即不能通過抵制

的手段來迫使人們選擇使用華為手機。故選C。

第一，抓論點、尋論據(jù)。閱讀議論文我們要抓住論題，即作者提出的觀點、給出的例證及最后得出的結(jié)論。

抓住了論題，我們就把握了中心。

第二，注重文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清文章脈絡(luò)。把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，有利于對文章大意的理解。從論證方法上講，常見

的議論文結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩類：

1.Putforwardaquestion→Analyzethequestion→Solvethequestion這就是“提出問題、分析問題、解決問題”

的過程。

2.ArgumentZldea→Evidence→ConclusionZRestatingtheidea這就是“由論點到論據(jù)到結(jié)論或者強調(diào)論點”

的過程。

第三，體會文章語言特點，把握作者寫作態(tài)度，準確進行推理判斷。能否正確把握作者的觀點和態(tài)度是體

現(xiàn)閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來說，對作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向，必須在通讀全文，掌握了論點和論據(jù)后，

方能做出判斷。

在判斷作者觀點態(tài)度時，我們應(yīng)注意，有時候作者的觀點和態(tài)度并不是明確地表達出來的，需要我們

認真體察。做推理判斷時，一定要遵循邏輯規(guī)律，以事實為依據(jù)進行合理的推理。

（一）、Mathandmusicaretwoentirelydifferenlfieldsofstudy,butthereisastrongrelevancebetweenthem.

Atsomepoint,theytendtooverlap,anditiscommonforpeoplegoodatmathtobegoodatmusic.Itmayseem

illogicaltocomparethetwo,buttherearemoresimilaritiesbetweenmathandmusicthanyouwouldimagine.

Numberscantellusmoreaboutmusic.Soundsstrangebutit,strue.Musicisdividedintosectionsthatare

calledmeasures,whereeachmeasurehasequalamountsofbeats.Thisiscomparabletomathematicaldivisionsof

time.Now,eachpieceofmusicwilltellushowmanybeatsthereareineachmeasure.Allthemusicnoteshave

numericalconnectionsandanumberofbeats.Itisimportanttounderstandthevalueoffractions（分數(shù)）andnotes

tocountthemusiccorrectly.

Thebiggestsimilaritybetweenmathandmusicinpattern.Forexample,musichasrepeatingchoruseswhile

mathusespatternstoexplaintheunknown.Youcanusedifferentmathematicalphenomenainmusic.Theseinclude

geometry（幾何學(xué)）,signalprocessing,etc.Infact,researchhasshownthatwhenmusicshowssomemathematical

structure,ittendstobemorepopular.

Inadditiontotheirsharedelements,mathandmusiccanbetaughtusingtheprinciplesofboth.Astudentwho

enjoysmathandmusiccanbenefitfromboth.Forexample,musiccamenhancecognitionandreasoningskills.For

instance,Einsteinlistenedtomusicwhensolvingmathproblemstoincreaseclarity.Similarly,playingmusiccan

improvecognition,asitincreasescommunicationbetweenthetwobrains.

Musicisagatewaytomanythings,anduntilnow,youprobablydidn,trealizethatit,sjustasdemanding,

analytical,logicalandscientificasmath.Somethingassimpleaslearning??MaryHadaLittleLamb^^onthepiano

isactuallysettingyourchildupforbiggerandbetterthings;maybethey,llpickupPythagoras（畢達哥拉斯）ina

flash,maybethey,llbeageniusinmath,perhapsthey,11onedaydiscovertheirowntheoryofrelativity.

1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutmathandmusic?

A.Mathandmusicaredeeplyintertwined.

B.Musicisatotallydifferentsubjectfrommath.

C.Itsoundsreasonabletocomparemathandmusic.

D.Peopleexpertatmathalltendtobemusiclovers.

2.Whafsmainlyabouttheparagraph2?

A.Measureisapieceofmusic.B.Mathhelpsinreadingmusic.

C.Musicsoundappearsstrange.D.Musicbeatsequaltomathnumbers.

3.Whatstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Patternsarecommoninbothmathandmusic.

B.Certainmusicskillsarepractisedviachoruses.

C.Musicprincipleseemseasierthanmathematics.

D.Reasoningskillsinmathchieflyrelyonmusic.

4.Whatmessagedoesthelastparagraphconvey?

A.Musicalinvolvementpromotestobeagenius.

B.Musicallowskidstocombinemathwithpiano.

C.Musicofferskidspotentialsuccessinmathematics.

D.Musicmayenhancethemathematicsskillsofallkids.

【語篇解讀】本文為一篇議論文。數(shù)學(xué)和音樂屬于兩個完全不同的研究領(lǐng)域，但是兩者間有著很強的相關(guān)

性，數(shù)學(xué)引導(dǎo)人們理解音樂，而小時候?qū)W音樂也可能使人今后在數(shù)學(xué)方面取得成就。

1.A【解析】推理判斷題?！???Mathandmusicaretwoentirelydifferentfieldsofstudy,butthereisa

strongrelevancebetweenthem.Atsomepoint,theytendtooverlap,anditiscommonforpeoplegoodatmathtobe

goodatmusic.Itmayseemillogicaltocomparethetwo,buttherearemoresimilaritiesbetweenmathandmusic

thanyouwouldimagine.（數(shù)學(xué)和音樂是兩個完全不同的研究領(lǐng)域，但它們之間有很強的相關(guān)性。在某些時候,

它們往往會重疊，擅長數(shù)學(xué)的人擅長音樂是很常見的。比較兩者似乎不合邏輯，但數(shù)學(xué)和音樂之間的相似

之處比你想象的要多。）”可知，音樂和數(shù)學(xué)之間有重疊，有很強的相關(guān)性，與A項“MathandmUSiCaredeePIy

intertwined（數(shù)學(xué)和音樂深深交織在一起戶意思相近，故選A。

2.B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Numberscantellusmoreaboutmusic.Soundsstrangebutit,strue.Music

isdividedintosectionsthatarecalledmeasures,whereeachmeasurehasequalamountsofbeats.Thisis

comparabletomathematicaldivisionsoftime.Now,eachpieceofmusicwilltellushowmanybeatstherearein

eachmeasure.Allthemusicnoteshavenumericalconnectionsandanumberofbeats.Itisimportanttounderstand

thevalueoffractions（分數(shù)）andnotestocountthemusicCOlTeCtIy.（數(shù)字可以告訴我們更多關(guān)于音樂的信息。聽

起來很奇怪，但這是真的。音樂被分成幾個小節(jié)，每個小節(jié)都有等量的節(jié)拍。這與數(shù)學(xué)上的時間劃分相當。

現(xiàn)在，每一段音樂都會告訴我們每個小節(jié)有多少拍。所有的音符都有數(shù)字連接和節(jié)拍數(shù)。理解分數(shù)的價值

和音符對正確計算音樂很重要廣可知，本段主要闡述數(shù)字能告訴我們音樂的信息，即：數(shù)字有助于我們理解

音樂。故選Bo

3.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thebiggestsimilaritybetweenmathandmusicinpattern.（數(shù)學(xué)和音樂

最大的相似之處在于模式。戶可知，作者同意“模式在數(shù)學(xué)和音樂是共有的''這個說法。故選A。

4.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Musicisagatewaytomanythings,anduntilnow,youprobablydidn,t

realizethatit'sjustasdemanding,analytical,logicalandscientificasmath.Somethingassimpleaslearning?Mary

HadaLittleLamb,onthepianoisactuallysettingyourchildupforbiggerandbetterthings;maybethey,∏pickup

Pythagoras（畢達哥拉斯）inaflash,maybethey,11beageniusinmath,perhapsthey,llonedaydiscovertheirown

theoryOfreEivily.（音樂是通往許多事物的大門，直到現(xiàn)在，你可能還沒有意識到它和數(shù)學(xué)一樣要求高、分

析性強、邏輯性強、科學(xué)性強。像在鋼琴上學(xué)習(xí)《瑪麗有只小羊羔》這樣簡單的事情，實際上是在為你的

孩子做更大更好的事情做準備，也許他們會在一瞬間學(xué)會畢達哥拉斯（的數(shù)學(xué)），也許他們會成為數(shù)學(xué)天才，

也許有一天他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的相對論。）“可知，音樂有助于孩子獲取其他的知識，學(xué)習(xí)音樂的孩子將來可能

會在數(shù)學(xué)方面取得成功。故選C。

（二）、Neuroscientists（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家）nowknowthatbrainmaturation（成熟）occursfarlaterthanpreviously

thought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyintheregionsthatare

importantforplanningahead,expectingthefutureresultsofone,sdecisions,andcomparingriskandreward.

Indeed,somebrainregionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeus

rethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?

Maybe.Butit,snotassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.

First,differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.Thereisnosingleageatwhichthe

adolescentbrainbecomesanadultbrain.Systemsresponsibleforlogicalreasoningmaturewhenpeopleare16,but

thoseinvolvedinself-regulationarestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thisiswhy16-year-oldsarejustas

capableasadultswhenitcomestopermittinginformedmedicalpapers,butarestillimmatureinwaysthatreduce

theircriminalresponsibility,astheSupremeCourthasnotedinseveralrecentcases.Usingdifferentagesfor

differentlegalboundariesseemsstrange,butitwouldmakeneuro-scientificsenseifwediditreasonably.

Second,sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.Ifitdid,wewouldn,thavelivedinasociety

thatallowsteenagerstodrivebeforetheycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyforpoliticalreasons,not

scientificones,lt,sapitythatNeurosciencewon,thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.

Childrenaresochangeableintheirgrowthandhowculturesunderstandchilddevelopmentissodifferent.Itis

pointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right“ageofmaturation.TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcohol

attheageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyare19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldreferto

Neuroscienceseriouslyandit,sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS,I

recognizethatthegovernmentmightneveracceptit.

5.WhatcanWelearnaboutbrainmaturationaccordingtothepassage?

A.Allthebrainareasbecomematureatthesametime.

B.Scientists,brainmaturesmuchearlierthanpoliticians,.

C.Theregioninchargeoflogicalreasoningisn,tmatureuntil18.

D.Thetimeofbrainmaturationisnotasearlyasthoughtbefore.

6.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsNeuroscience?

A.Favorable.B.Skeptical.C.Indifferent.D.Intolerant.

7.WhatcanWeinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.It,sillegalforaDutchboytodriveattheageof16.

B.ThecultureoftheDutchismuchbetterthantheUSA.

C.It,sofgreatvaluetodeterminetherightageofmaturation.

D.Theinfluenceofscienceonlawandpolicymakingisverybig.

8.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ShouldChildrenLeamfromCapableAdults?

B.CanNeuroscienceCreateMatureScientists?

C.ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?

D.CanChildrenDriveandDrinkBeerLikeAdults?

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。本文主要議論了神經(jīng)科學(xué)家對人大腦的成熟有了新的認知，即大腦成熟

的時間比以前認為的要晚一些，由此是否應(yīng)該讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限，即神經(jīng)科學(xué)

的結(jié)論能否影響法律決定的制定，但實際而言事情看上去并不是那么簡單，由此文章解釋了兩個原因，即

對該問題進行了否定回答。

5.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Neuroscientists（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家）nowknowthatbrainmaturation（成熟）

occursfarlaterthanPreViOUSlythoUght.（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在知道，大腦成熟的時間比以前認為的要晚得多。）“可

知，大腦成熟的時間并不像以前想象的那么早。故選D。

6.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二.段中"It'saPitythatNeUroSCienCeWOn'thavemuchofanimpacton

politicsalthoughitisalWaySCorreCt.（雖然神經(jīng)科學(xué)總是正確的，但遺憾的是它不會對政治產(chǎn)生太大的影響。）“

以及最后一段“EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNeuroscienceseriouslyandit,sagoodidea

tolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS（即使我堅信法律決定應(yīng)該認真參考神經(jīng)科學(xué)，在美

國降低飲酒年齡和提高駕駛年齡是個好主意）“可知，作者認為神經(jīng)科學(xué)給出的結(jié)論是正確的，只是它沒有受

到政治的關(guān)注，未對政治產(chǎn)生重大影響。由此推斷作者對神經(jīng)科學(xué)持有的是支持的態(tài)度。故選A。

7.A［解析］推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholattheageof

16butnottOdriVeUntiItheyarel9.（例如，荷蘭允許16歲的孩子喝酒，但直到19歲才能開車。）”可知I,荷蘭

是允許16歲的孩子喝酒的，但是19歲才能開車即19歲以下開車是違法的。故選A。

8.C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Neuroscientists（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家）nowknowIhatbrainmaturation（成熟）

occursfarlaterthanpreviouslythought.（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在知道，大腦成熟的時間比以前認為的要晚得多。）“；

以及本段l4j“Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethinkwherewedrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsand

adults?（這一新知識是否會讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限？）”以及第二段中“Maybe.Butifs

notassimpleasitseemsfortworeasons.（也許吧。但事情并不像看上去那么簡單，原因有二。）”可知，本文主

要議論了神經(jīng)科學(xué)家對人大腦的成熟有了新的認知，即大腦成熟的時間比以前認為的要晚一些，由此是否

應(yīng)該讓我們重新思考孩子和成年人之間的法律界限，即神經(jīng)科學(xué)的結(jié)論能否影響法律決定的制定，但實際

而言事情看上去并不是那么簡單，由此文章解釋了兩個原因，即對該問題進行了否定回答。故C選項“Should

NeuroscienceAffectLawDeCiSiOns?（神經(jīng)科學(xué)會影響法律決策嗎？）”符合文章標題。故選CC

刷模擬

（2022?河北?校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）Themomentthegroundstopsshakingafteranearthquake,somepeoplemay

wonderwhethertheirpets—orwildanimalsforthatmatter—knewthedisasterwascoming.

Togettothebottomofthisquestion,HeikoWoith,ascientistattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciences,

andhiscolleaguesevaluatedmorethan700publishedreportsofunusualbehavioramong130species,including

insects,birds,fish,cats,dogsandcattlefrom160earthquakes.Therecordsincludedallkindsofbehaviors,

includingatigerthatreportedlygotdepressedbeforeanearthquake.

Theresearchersfoundthat90percentofallreportedcaseshappenedwithin62milesoftheepicenter（震中）

andwithin60daysofanearthquake.Then,theyexaminedwhenandwhereforeshockshadhappenedintheregion

andconcludedthatitwashardtosaytheseanimalscouldpredicttheearthquakeitself.Theywerejustresponding

toforeshocks.

“Thespace-timepatternofanimalprecursors（預(yù)兆）andforeshocksisstrikinglysimilar/9Woithsaid.tTrom

this,weconcludedthattheabnormalanimalbehaviormightsimplyberelatedtoforeshocks.Theseanimalsarejust

respondingtoforeshocksratherthanpredictingtheearthquake.Theydon,thavesuperpower.^^

Despitethevastnumberofincidences,goodinformationwaslittleandscientificevidenceislacking.uAmajor

surpriseforUSwasthatthelargemajorityofthepublishedclaimswerebuiltonpoorobservationaldata,whichdid

notstandasstatisticalscientificproof/'Woithsaid.

Tobetterstudywhetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes,Woithandhiscolleaguessuggestedthatresearchers

askanumberofyes-or-noquestionsinanyupcomingexperiments,including'Tstheexperimentalsetupand

monitoringprocedureclearlydescribedandreproducible?^^and“Isitproventhattheanimalbehaviorisreally

unusual?”

Meanwhile,humansareworkingontechnologiesthatcandetectearthquakessecondsbeforetheyhit.

Hopefully,wewillhavesuchdevicestowarnpeoplethattheearthquakeiscoming.

I.HowdidWoithconductthestudy?

A.Byanalyzingformerreports.

B.Byobservinganimals,behavior.

C.Bycollectingdataintheearthquake.

D.Bycomparinganimals,differentresponses.

2.WhatisWoith,snewfinding?

A.Tigersbecomedepressedeasily.B.Certainanimalshavesuperpower.

C.Someanimalscanreacttoforeshocks.D.Animalsinthesameareaactsimilarly.

3.Whatsu?prisedthescientistsinthestudy?

A.Allreportedcasestookplaceinthesamearea.

B.Thereweretoomanyreportsaboutforeshocks.

C.Someanimalsactstrangelybeforeearthquakes.

D.Thepreviousreportslackaccuratedatasupport.

4.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?

A.Howanimalsbehaveinearthquakes.

B.Whetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes.

C.Whatisthelinkbetweenanimalsandearthquakes.

D.Whypeoplestudyanimals,behaviorinearthquakes.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。盡管每次地震過后總有動物異常行為的報道，然而動物能夠預(yù)測地震這

種結(jié)論缺乏科學(xué)依據(jù)。動物的異常行為只能說明對前震有所反應(yīng)，并不能說明它們可以預(yù)測地震。

1.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段話“Togettothebottomofthisquestion,HeikoWoith,ascientistatthe

GermanResearchCentreforGeosciences,andhiscolleaguesevaluatedmorethan700publishedreportsofunusual

behavioramong130species,includinginsects,birds,fish,cats,dogsandcattlefrom160earthquakes.Therecords

includedallkindsofbehaviors,includingatigerthatreportedlygotdepressedbeforeanearthquake.（為了弄清這個

問題的真相，德國地球科學(xué)研究中心（GermanResearchCentreforGeOSCienCeS）的科學(xué)家?？?沃斯（HeikO

Woilh）和他的同事們評估了超過700份已發(fā)表的關(guān)于130種物種異常行為的報告，其中包括160次地震中的

昆蟲、鳥類、魚類、貓、狗和牛。這些記錄包括各種各樣的行為，包括一只老虎，據(jù)說它在地震前會感到

沮喪。）“可知，WOith評估了很多動物異常行為的報告，從而去指導(dǎo)研究。故選A。

2.C［解析］細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段話“Theresearchersfoundthat90percentofallreportedcaseshappened

within62milesoftheepicenter（震中）andwithin60daysofanearthquake.Then,theyexaminedwhenandwhere

foreshockshadhappenedintheregionandconcludedthatitwashardtosaytheseanimalscouldpredictthe

earthquakeitself.Theywerejustrespondingtoforeshocks.（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，90%的報告病例發(fā)生在震中62英里

和地震的60天內(nèi)。然后，他們研究了該地區(qū)發(fā)生前震的時間和地點，并得出結(jié)論，很難說這些動物能夠

預(yù)測地震本身。它們只是對前震做出反應(yīng)。戶和第四段話“Fromthis,weconcludedthattheabnormalanimal

behaviormightsimplyberelatedtoforeshocks.Theseanimalsarejustrespondingtoforeshocksratherthan

predictingtheearthquake.Theydon,thavesuperPoWer.（由此，我們得出結(jié)論，動物的異常行為可能只是與前震

有關(guān)。這些動物只是對前震做出反應(yīng)，而不是預(yù)測地震。他們沒有超能力）“可知，并沒有足夠的證據(jù)說明動

物能夠預(yù)測地震，但是它們會對前震有反應(yīng)。故選C。

3.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段話"Amajorsurpriseforuswasthatthelargemajorityofthepublished

claimswerebuiltonpoorobservationaldata,whichdidnotstandasstatisticalscientificPrOOf,（令我們'驚訝的是，

大多數(shù)發(fā)表的觀點都是建立在糟糕的觀察數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上的，這些數(shù)據(jù)不能作為統(tǒng)計科學(xué)證據(jù)，）“可知，之前的

觀點大多都是建立在觀察數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)之上的，不能作科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)。故選D。

4.B［解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段話“Themomentthegroundstopsshakingafteranearthquake,somepeople

maywonderwhethertheirpets-orwildanimalsforthatmatter-knewthedisasterwasComing.（地震發(fā)生后，當

地面停止晃動的那一刻，一些人可能會想，他們的寵物——或者野生動物——是否知道災(zāi)難即將來臨。）''

和最后一段話“Meanwhile,humansareworkingontechnologiesthatcandetectearthquakessecondsbeforethey

hit.Hopefully,WewillhavesuchdevicestowarnpeoplethattheearthquakeisComing.（與此同時,人類正在研究

能夠在地震發(fā)生前幾秒鐘檢測到地震的技術(shù)。希望我們會有這樣的設(shè)備來警告人們地震即將來臨。）”可知，

文章在討論動物是否有預(yù)測地震的超能力。故選B。

（2022?福建福州?統(tǒng)考三模）Climbing,Ioncethought,wasaverymanlyactivity,butasIfoundmywayinto

thisactivity,Icametoseethatsomethingquitedifferenthappensontherock.

Likewildswimming,rockclimbinginvolvesyouintothelandscape.Ontherock,Iamfullypresent.Eyespay

closeattention.earsarealert（警覺的）,andhandsmoveacrossthesurface.Unlikewalking,whereIcouldhappily

wanderaboutabsent-mindedly,inclimbing,attentiveobservationisessential.

AsanartsstudentstudyingEnglishliterature,Idiscoveredanewtypeofreadingfromoutdoorclimbing.

Goingoutontothecrags（懸崖）,Isawhowyoucanlearntoreadtherocksanddevelopavocabularyofphysical

movements.Goodclimbersknewhowtomaptheirbodiesontothestone.Watchingthem,Iwantedtopossessthat

skillfullanguage.

MyleaphappenedwhenIworkedfortheCaimgormsNationalParkAuthority.Guidingmyexplorationsinto

thisstrangenewlandscapewasNanShepherd.Unlikethegoal-directedmindsetofmanymountaineers,sheisnot

concernedwithpeaksorpersonalbeats.Shepherdseesthemountainasatotalenvironmentandshecelebratesthe

Caingormsasaplacealivewithplants,rocks,animalsandelements.Throughhergenerousspiritandmyown

wanderings,Isawthatrockclimbingneednotbeaprocessoftestingyourselfagainstanything.Rather,the

intensityoffocuscouldreleaseyouintoanotherwayofbeing.

Spendingsomuchtimeinhighandstonyplaceshaschangedmyviewontheworldandourplaceinit.I

havecomeintophysicalcontactwithprocessesthatgowaybeyondtheeveryday.Workingwithgravity,geology

（地質(zhì)學(xué)）,rhythmsofweatheranddeeptime,Igainanactualrelationshipwiththeearth.Thisconnectionliesatthe

heartofmypassionforrockclimbing.Ireturntotherocks,becausethisiswhereIfeelintouch-withourland.

5.Whydoestheauthorlikeclimbing?

A.Itchallengeshertocompetewithmen.

B.Irallowsherauriqueattitudetowardrock.

C.Itteachesherhowtopossessanewlanguage.

D.Itmakesherfeelconnectedwiththeworld.

6.Whatdoesthewriterfindimportantinclimbing?

A.Balance.B.Concentration.C.Determination.D.Curiosity.

7.WhatdoesthewriterIeamfromNanShepherd?

A.Climbinggoestogetherwithnature.

B.Everymountaintopiswithinreach.

C.Thebestclimberistheonehavingfun.

D.Youcannotachievehighunlessyouchange.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagrap5referto?

A.Time.B.Contact.C.Theworld.D.Myview.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文，作者喜歡爬山，文章講述了作者對爬山的理解及從爬山得到的感悟。

5.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Workingwithgravity,geology（地質(zhì)學(xué)）,rhythmsofweatheranddeep

time,?gainanactualrelationshipwiththeearth.Thisconnectionliesattheheartofmypassionforrock

Climbing.（通過研究重力、地質(zhì)、天氣節(jié)奏和深層時間，我獲得了與地球的真實關(guān)系。這種聯(lián)系正是我對攀

巖的熱情所在）“可知，作者喜歡爬山是因為爬山可以與世界產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系。故選D。

6.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中中“Ontherock,?amfullypresent.Eyespaycloseattention,earsarealert

（警覺的）,andhandsmoveacrossthesurface.Unlikewalking,whereIcouldhappilywanderabout

absent-mindedly,inclimbing,attentiveobservationisessential.（在巖石上，我完全存在于這里。眼睛密切關(guān)注，

耳朵警覺，手在水面上移動。不像散步，我可以愉快地心不在焉地漫步，在爬山時，全神貫注的觀察是必

不可少的戶可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)爬山時專注很重要。故選B。

7.A【解析】推理判斷題。IHiSMl?lUΦitShepherdseesthemountainasatotalenvironmentandshecelebrates

theCaingormsasaplacealivewithplants,rocks,animalsand.elements.（Shepherd把這座山視為一個完整的環(huán)境,

她贊美CaingormS是一個充滿了植物，巖石，動物和各種元素的地方）“可知，作者從ShePherd身上學(xué)到爬

山是與大自然融為一體。故選A。

8.C【解析】指代猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“Spendingsomuchtimeinhighandsto?IyPIaCeShaSehangedmy

viewontheworldandourplaceinit.（在高處多石的地方呆了這么長時間，改變了我對世界和我們在其中的地

位的看法戶可知，此處指作者通過爬山改變了對世界和自身在世界中的地位的看法，il指代前文的“世界L

故選C。

三、

（2022?廣東?華南師大附中?？家荒＃㏎uantum（量子）computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.A

friendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengesWe

faceashumans.I,vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChris

JohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.

Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanies

haveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantum

machinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstotunclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.^^Thisis

thesortofhype（炒作）thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan,tkeep.π

What,snew,“Johnsonwrote,uisthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputing

researchers.^^

Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,the

publicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork,spotential.Ifresearcherscan,tkeeptheirpromises,

excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshave

gonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,

Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“quantum“stands