廣東省部分名校2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省部分名校2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AParis,thecapitalofFrance,hassomeattractivebridges.ThesearefourofthemostbeautifulbridgesinParis:someiniconic(標(biāo)志性的)placesyou’veseeninthemovies,andothersinquietplacesthatyou’lldelightindiscovering.PontdesArtsConnectingtheLouvreMuseumtotheInstituteFrance,thePontdesArts,firstbuiltbyNapoleonBonapartein1804andreconstructedinthe1970s,isabridgeonlyforpeoplewalkingthatisbelovedbytouristsandlocalsalike.Inthespringandsummermonths,ParisiansandvisitorscomehereforlazypicnicsoverlookingtheSeine.PontMarleThislovelybutlittle-knownbridgeisagatewaybetweentheMaraisdistrictontherightbankandanaturalislandontheSeineRiver.Thecurrentstonestructuredatestoaround1670,followingafireonitswoodenstructurethatdestroyedmuchoftheoriginalbridgeandthehousesthatoncestoodonit.Ithasremainedmuchthesamesincethe18thcentury,makingitoneofParis’oldestbridges.PontAlexandreⅢThePontAlexandreⅢisprobablythemostattractiveofParis’manybridges.Builtbetween1896and1900,itconnectsthedesInvalideswiththegardensofthePetitPalais.It’safterdarkthatyoucanbestappreciateitsdelicatestatuesandotherdecorativeelements.PontNeufFirstbuiltin1578byKingHenryⅢ,PontNeufhasseennumerousreconstructionsandchangesoverthecenturies.ButitconservesitsRoman-inspiredarch(拱形)structures.Thisisalovelybridgethatofferseasyandpicturesqueaccesstotheleftandrightbank.Havesomeicecream,explorethelovelyriversidepathsandenjoyviewsofNotreDameCathedral.1.WhatisspecialaboutthePontdesArts?A.Ithasbeenrebuiltmanytimes. B.ItisoneofParis’oldestbridges.C.Itisabridgeonlyforpeoplewalking. D.ItisthemostattractivebridgeinParis.2.Whichistheoldestamongthefourbridges?A.PontdesArts. B.PontMarie.C.PontAlexandreⅢ D.PontNeuf.3.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Anewsreport. D.Abookreview.〖答案〗1.C2.D3.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了法國(guó)首都巴黎有一些很有吸引力的橋梁?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章PontdesArts段講到“ConnectingtheLouvreMuseumtotheInstituteFrance,thePontdesArts,firstbuiltbyNapoleonBonapartein1804and

reconstructedinthe1970s,isabridgeonlyforpeoplewalkingthatisbelovedbytouristsandlocalsalike.(連接盧浮宮和法蘭西學(xué)院的藝術(shù)橋(PontdesArts)是1804年由拿破侖·波拿巴(NapoleonBonaparte)建造的，在20世紀(jì)70年代重建，是一座僅供行人行走的橋，受到游客和當(dāng)?shù)厝说南矏?ài)。)”可知，藝術(shù)橋的特別之處是這是一座供人行走的橋。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章PontdesArts部分講到“firstbuiltbyNapoleonBonapartein1804(1804年由拿破侖·波拿巴首次建造)”、PontMarie.部分講到“Thecurrentstonestructuredatestoaround1670(目前的石頭結(jié)構(gòu)可以追溯到1670年左右)”、PontAlexandreⅢ部分講到“Builtbetween1896and1900(建于1896年至1900年)”以及PontNeuf部分講到“Firstbuiltin1578byKingHenryⅢ(始建于1578年，由國(guó)王亨利三世建造)”可知，四座橋中最古老的是PontNeuf。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。文章第一段講到“Paris,thecapitalofFrance,hassomeattractivebridges.ThesearefourofthemostbeautifulbridgesinParis:someiniconic(標(biāo)志性的)placesyou’veseeninthemovies,andothersinquietplacesthatyou’lldelightindiscovering.(法國(guó)首都巴黎有一些很有吸引力的橋梁。這是巴黎最美麗的四座橋：一些在你在電影中看到的標(biāo)志性地方，另一些在你樂(lè)于發(fā)現(xiàn)的安靜地方。)”可知，本文大概出自一本指南。故選A。BIwastalkingtomyfriendSandyaboutourchildren.Sandyhadrecentlymovedintotheneighborhoodwithherfourkids:Jane,Joe,Christopher,andheryoungest,eighteen-month-oldKim.Sheseemedhappytohavekidsnearby,untilshesawourdog,Sam.Sam,ourshinyblackdog,lovedtoplaywiththekidsandprotectthem.ButSandyhadafearofdogs,andshestartedtobackawayasSamapproached.IgrabbedSam’scollarandmadehimsit,tryingtoeaseSandy’sdiscomfort.Sandymentionedthatsheneededtogetherkidsreadytogototheirgrandmother’shouse.Justthen,herdooropenedandherkidsrushedout.SandyshoutedatthemtostayawayfromSam.Thekidshuddled(蜷縮)aroundtheirmom,lookingatSamcautiously(謹(jǐn)慎地).Emma,mydaughtershowedthekidshowtoapproachadogslowlyandproperly.ThekidswerewonoverbySam’sfriendlynature,butIknewitwouldtakesometimeforSandytochangeherviewpoint.Afterthatincident,wemadesurethatSamdidn’tgonearourneighborswithoutmepresent.Oneday,whenthekidswereplayingacrossthestreet.Inoticedtheeighteen-month-oldbabyheadingtowardsasmallhill.Isawacarapproachingandshoutedtoeveryonetowatchthebaby.Withouthesitation,Samrushedoutthedoorandranacrossthestreettowardsthebaby.Herantotheboyintimetogentlypushthebabyawayfromtheoncomingcar.Thekidscheered,completelyunawareofthedanger.TheythoughtSamhadcometoplay.Withinayear,Samhadmadefriendswithalltheneighbors.EvenSandystartedtowarmuptoSamandwouldoccasionallycomeovertogivehimahug.4.HowdidSandyfeelwhenshefirstsawSam?A.Excited. B.Amazed. C.Fearful. D.Awkward.5.WhatdidSandy’skidsdoatthesightofSam?A.TheylookedatSamwithwatchfuleyes. B.Theyformedacircletoprotecttheirmom.C.Theyheldhimbythecollartomakehimsit. D.Theypreparedtoescapefromthedog.6.HowdidSamsaveKimfromdanger?A.Byrunninginfrontofthecartoblockit. B.Bypushingthebabyawayfromthecar.C.ByrushingtoSandy’shousetogethelp. D.Byjumpingtothefrontofthecomingcar.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSam?A.Dangerous. B.Funny. C.Brave. D.Sensitive.〖答案〗4.C5.A6.B7.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述新鄰居家的女主人桑迪很怕作者家的狗薩姆，但是后來(lái)薩姆卻在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻救了桑迪的孩子，從此桑迪改變了對(duì)薩姆的看法，薩姆也成了鄰居的好朋友。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ButSandyhadafearofdogs,andshestartedtobackawayasSamapproached.(但是桑迪害怕狗，當(dāng)薩姆走近時(shí)，她開(kāi)始往后退)”可知，桑迪第一次見(jiàn)到薩姆時(shí)很害怕。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thekidshuddled(蜷縮)aroundtheirmom,lookingatSamcautiously(謹(jǐn)慎地).(孩子們蜷縮在媽媽身邊，謹(jǐn)慎地看著薩姆。)”可知，由于媽媽的警告，所以桑迪的孩子們看到薩姆的時(shí)候都非常警惕地注視著它。故選A項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Withouthesitation,Samrushedoutthedoorandranacrossthestreettowardsthebaby.Herantotheboyintimetogentlypushthebabyawayfromtheoncomingcar.(薩姆毫不猶豫地沖出門(mén)，穿過(guò)馬路向嬰兒跑去。他及時(shí)跑向男孩，輕輕地把嬰兒從迎面而來(lái)的汽車(chē)旁推開(kāi)。)”可知，薩姆沖到她面前把桑迪推離汽車(chē)，讓她脫離了危險(xiǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Withouthesitation,Samrushedoutthedoorandranacrossthestreettowardsthebaby.Herantotheboyintimetogentlypushthebabyawayfromtheoncomingcar.(薩姆毫不猶豫地沖出門(mén)，穿過(guò)馬路向嬰兒跑去。他及時(shí)跑向男孩，輕輕地把嬰兒從迎面而來(lái)的汽車(chē)旁推開(kāi)。)”可知，薩姆從危險(xiǎn)中救出了孩子，薩姆很勇敢。故選C項(xiàng)。CWhenyougoonvacationnexttime,makesuretotakelotsofpicturesofthewildlifeyousec.Thesephotoscanhelpsavedifferenttypesofwildlifebecauseofanewfieldcalled“imageomies”.Imageomiesusescomputerstostudypicturesofwildlifeandlearninformationfromthem.Untilrecently,scientistsdidn’thavethetechnologytoanalyze(分析)thedatainwildlifephotos.Butnow,machinelearningandcomputervisionarehelpingresearchersunlockvaluableinformationhiddenintheseimages.Thereareplatformswherepeoplecansharetheirwildlifephotos,likecBird,iNaturalistandWildbook.Theseplatformshelpscientistskeeptrackofdifferentspeciesandcreatedatabases.Ifyouhaverare(稀有的)photosofwildlife,it’sagoodideatosharethemontheseplatforms.Scientistshavelimitedtimeandresourcestostudyallendangeredwildlifeintheworld.Byusingartificialintelligence(人工智能)toanalyzepublicphotos,wecanlearnmoreaboutdifferentspeciesandtheirbehaviors.Thistechnologycanevenhelpusfindthingsinphotosthathumansmightmiss.It’simportanttousethecollectedinformationresponsiblyandprotectitfrompoachers(偷獵者).Ifwedothat,imageomiescannotonlyhelpsavewildlifebutalsocontributetootherfieldslikemedicineandagriculture.8.Howcanimageomieshelpscientistsstudywildlife?A.Byofferinginformationfromwildlife. B.Byanalyzingthedatainwildlifephotos.C.Byanalyzingthetrendofhumanpopulation. D.Byknowingtheoriginofbiologicalprocesses.9.Whataretheplatformswherepeoplecansharetheirwildlifephotos?A.eBird,iNaturalistandWildbook. B.Imageomics,eBirdandWildbook.C.Imageomics,eBirdandiNaturalist. D.Photosofwildlife,iNaturalistandWildbook.10.Whyshouldpeoplesharetheirrarewildlifephotosonplatforms?A.Toappreciatethebeautyofwildlife. B.Tocontributetothepublicsafety.C.Toinspireotherstoprotectnature. D.Tohelpscientistsstudywildlife.11.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Computershelpidentifythebiologicalfeatures B.PoachersstopkillingthreatenedanimalsC.Photoscansavewildspecies D.Photoscanprotectourenvironment〖答案〗8.B9.A10.D11.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種名為“imageomies”的領(lǐng)域，可以通過(guò)分析野生動(dòng)物的照片來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)有價(jià)值的信息，從而保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Untilrecently,scientistsdidn’thavethetechnologytoanalyze(分析)thedatainwildlifephotos.Butnow,machinelearningandcomputervisionarehelpingresearchersunlockvaluableinformationhiddenintheseimages.(直到最近，科學(xué)家們還沒(méi)有技術(shù)來(lái)分析野生動(dòng)物照片中的數(shù)據(jù)。但是現(xiàn)在，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)正在幫助研究人員解開(kāi)隱藏在這些圖像中的有價(jià)值的信息)”可知，imageomies通過(guò)分析野生動(dòng)物照片中的數(shù)據(jù)幫助科學(xué)家研究野生動(dòng)物。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thereareplatformswherepeoplecansharetheirwildlifephotos,likecBird,iNaturalistandWildbook.(人們可以在一些平臺(tái)上分享他們的野生動(dòng)物照片，比如cBird、iNaturalist和Wildbook)”可知，人們可以在cBird、iNaturalist和Wildbook上分享他們的野生動(dòng)物照片。故選A?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Byusingartificialintelligence(人工智能)toanalyzepublicphotos,wecanlearnmoreaboutdifferentspeciesandtheirbehaviors.Thistechnologycanevenhelpusfindthingsinphotosthathumansmightmiss.(通過(guò)使用人工智能來(lái)分析公開(kāi)照片，我們可以更多地了解不同的物種及其行為。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)甚至可以幫助我們?cè)谡掌姓业饺祟?lèi)可能遺漏的東西)”可知，人們?cè)谄脚_(tái)上分享他們的珍稀野生動(dòng)物照片是為了幫助科學(xué)家研究野生動(dòng)物。故選D?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenyougoonvacationnexttime,makesuretotakelotsofpicturesofthewildlifeyousec.Thesephotoscanhelpsavedifferenttypesofwildlifebecauseofanewfieldcalled“imageomies”.Imageomiesusescomputerstostudypicturesofwildlifeandlearninformationfromthem.(當(dāng)你下次去度假的時(shí)候，一定要給你看到的野生動(dòng)物拍很多照片。這些照片可以幫助拯救不同類(lèi)型的野生動(dòng)物，因?yàn)橛幸粋€(gè)新的領(lǐng)域叫做“imageomies”。imageomies使用計(jì)算機(jī)研究野生動(dòng)物的圖片并從中學(xué)習(xí)信息)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一種名為“imageomies”的領(lǐng)域，可以通過(guò)分析野生動(dòng)物的照片來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)有價(jià)值的信息，從而保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物?？芍?，C選項(xiàng)“照片可以拯救野生物種”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。DInthepastgenerations,ourancestors(祖先)livedwiththesimplestway.Whenscienceandtechnologymaterialize,therearevariousdevelopmentsintheworldthatchangeandimprovethewayoflivingofpeople.Asyearsgoby,moreandmoreinnovations(創(chuàng)新)werecreatedbyapplyingtheideasofscienceandtechnologies.Mostofthesehavepositiveeffectsonthesocietybutsomeoftheseareharmfulincertainways.However,theimportanceofscienceandtechnologycan’tbedenied.Scienceandinnovationhavemainlyaffectedsociety,andtheireffectisdeveloping.Itmakeslifesimplerandmakespeoplemoregainful.Thischangehaspositiveandnegativeeffects.Thebenefitismakinglifesimplerwhiletheothersideisthatitmakesindividualsneedyandlazier.Bymakinglifesimpler,sciencehasallowedmantoseekforculturalconcernstoimprovehumanconditions.Scienceandtechnologycanshapethegeneralpublicweliveinverywellandcanmakeusfeelsimpler,saferandincreasinglygainful.However,italsocanbeusedwrongly,whichcanharmmanyblamelesslives.Wemustthinkforourownprogressaswellasfortheimprovementofeachpersonofthisplanetthatwecallourownhome.Inshort,scienceandinnovationhavemadeagreatcontributiontoourlives.Theymayalsoberelatedtousgreatly.Inthisway,theireffectswilldependonhowwefollowuponthem.Inaddition,ifweseethemorebrilliantsideofinnovation,itisthefoundationofnationalconstruction.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“materialize”inparagraph1mean?A.Return. B.Appear. C.Stay. D.go.13.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscienceandtechnologies?A.Unclear. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.14.Whichofthefollowingistheeffectofscience?A.Abetterlivingcondition. B.Peoplebecominglessadaptive.C.Peoplebecomingdetermined. D.Acolorfulhistory.15.Whatshouldwedowhenusingscienceandtechnology?A.Improvestudyingstandard. B.Helpthedisabled.C.Thinkforotherpeople. D.Treatwildlifeequally.〖答案〗12.B13.D14.A15.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了科學(xué)和技術(shù)對(duì)人類(lèi)生活帶來(lái)的影響。【12題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段劃線詞前“Inthepastgenerations,ourancestors

(祖先)

livedwiththesimplestway.Whenscienceandtechnology…(在過(guò)去的幾代人里，我們的祖先以最簡(jiǎn)單的方式生活。當(dāng)科技……)”及“therearevariousdevelopmentsintheworldthatchangeandimprovethewayoflivingofpeople.(世界上有各種各樣的發(fā)展，改變和改善了人們的生活方式)”可知，此處表示當(dāng)科技出現(xiàn)，materialize與appear“出現(xiàn)”意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Asyearsgoby,moreandmoreinnovationswerecreatedbyapplyingtheideasofscienceandtechnologies.Mostofthesehavepositiveeffectsonthesocietybutsomeoftheseareharmfulincertainways.However,theimportanceofscienceandtechnologycan’tbedenied.(隨著時(shí)間的流逝，越來(lái)越多的創(chuàng)新是通過(guò)應(yīng)用科學(xué)和技術(shù)的理念創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。其中大多數(shù)對(duì)社會(huì)有積極的影響，但其中一些在某些方面是有害的。然而，科學(xué)技術(shù)的重要性是不可否認(rèn)的)”及下兩段內(nèi)容可知，作者既說(shuō)明了科技對(duì)社會(huì)的積極影響，也說(shuō)明了存在的害處，作者對(duì)于科技的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Itmakeslifesimplerandmakespeoplemoregainful.

(它使生活更簡(jiǎn)單，使人們更有收獲)”及“Bymakinglifesimpler,sciencehasallowedmantoseekforculturalconcernstoimprovehumanconditions.(科學(xué)使生活變得簡(jiǎn)單，使人們能夠?qū)で笪幕P(guān)懷，以改善人類(lèi)的狀況)”和文章第三段“Scienceandtechnologycanshapethegeneralpublicweliveinverywellandcanmakeusfeelsimpler,saferandincreasinglygainful.(科學(xué)技術(shù)可以很好地塑造我們生活的大眾，讓我們感覺(jué)更簡(jiǎn)單、更安全、更有成就感)”可推知，在科學(xué)的影響下，人類(lèi)有了更好的生存條件。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Wemustthinkforourownprogressaswellasfortheimprovementofeachpersonofthisplanetthatwecallourownhome.(我們必須為自己的進(jìn)步著想，也要為這個(gè)我們稱(chēng)之為家園的星球上的每一個(gè)人的改善著想)”可知，在運(yùn)用科技的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該為他人著想。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。BenefitsOfColdWeatherThere’snodoubtaboutit—coldweathercanbeprettyunpleasant.___16___Soifyou’refeelingdownaboutthecoldtemperaturesoutside,readonforafewreasonstobehappyaboutthem!Itboostsyourbrain.Coldtemperaturescanexciteyourbrain,allowingimprovedfocusandgreaterclarityofthought.Thecoldclimateincreasesoxygenflowtothebrain.___17___Itincreasesbrownfatcontent.Coldweatherhastheuniqueabilitytoincreasethenumberofbrownfatcells.___18___.Notonlydotheyhelpusstaycomfortablywarmincoldtemperatures,buttheymayalsoevenpromoteweightlossovertime.___19___Incoldweather,anevenbodytemperaturecanbebeneficialforagoodnight’srest.Asourbodiestrytokeepwarmwhenit’s‘coldout,bloodvesselsgetnarrowerandhelpcontrolyoursleeptemperatureforamorerelaxedandrestfulsleep.Peoplesleepingincolderenvironmentsgenerallywakeupfeelingmorerefreshedthanthosesleepinginwarmertemperatures.Itimprovesskinhealth.___20___Lowtemperaturesforceustodresswarmlyagainstthecold,leadingtoprotectionagainstenvironmentalaspectsthatwouldotherwiseremovewaterfromourskin.Allinall,therearemanybenefitstospendingtimeoutsideincoldweather!Nexttimeyouwanttostayinsideandavoidthecold,keepthesebenefitsinmindandconsidergettingoutsideforafewminutes!A.Ithelpsyousleep.B.Itraiseshealthawareness.C.Thus,thecentralnervoussystemcanperformatincreasedlevels.D.Coldweatherexposureisahelpfulcontributiontoourwell-being.E.Theyareimportantforcontrollingbodytemperaturebyproducingheat.F.Coldweathercanbegoodforkeepingourskinlookingandfeelinghealthy.G.Whileitmakesuswanttostayindoors,coldweatherhassomemajorbenefits.〖答案〗16.G17.C18.E19.A20.F【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了寒冷天氣的一些好處?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“There’snodoubtaboutit—coldweathercanbeprettyunpleasant.(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，寒冷的天氣會(huì)讓人很不舒服。)”以及后文“Soifyou’refeelingdownaboutthecoldtemperaturesoutside,readonforafewreasonstobehappyaboutthem!(所以，如果你對(duì)外面的寒冷天氣感到沮喪，那就往下讀，看看有什么理由讓你開(kāi)心起來(lái)吧！)”可知，后文提到了寒冷的天氣也有理由開(kāi)心，說(shuō)明寒冷的天氣也有好處。故G選項(xiàng)“雖然它使我們想呆在室內(nèi)，但寒冷的天氣也有一些主要的好處”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。【17題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Itboostsyourbrain.Coldtemperaturescanexciteyourbrain,allowingimprovedfocusandgreaterclarityofthought.Thecoldclimateincreasesoxygenflowtothebrain.(它能增強(qiáng)你的大腦。低溫可以刺激你的大腦，讓你的注意力更集中，思維更清晰。寒冷的氣候增加了大腦的氧氣流量。)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，指出寒冷的氣候增加了大腦的氧氣流量所帶來(lái)的積極影響。故C選項(xiàng)“因此，中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)可以在更高的水平上工作?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選C。【18題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Itincreasesbrownfatcontent.Coldweatherhastheuniqueabilitytoincreasethenumberofbrownfatcells.(它增加棕色脂肪的含量。寒冷的天氣有增加棕色脂肪細(xì)胞數(shù)量的獨(dú)特能力。)”以及后文“Notonlydotheyhelpusstaycomfortablywarmincoldtemperatures,buttheymayalsoevenpromoteweightlossovertime.(它們不僅能幫助我們?cè)诤涞奶鞖饫锉３质孢m溫暖，而且隨著時(shí)間的推移，它們甚至還能促進(jìn)減肥。)”可知，本句承接上文，解釋棕色脂肪細(xì)胞的作用，E選項(xiàng)中They指代上文brownfatcells。故E選項(xiàng)“它們通過(guò)產(chǎn)生熱量對(duì)控制體溫很重要?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選E?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Incoldweather,anevenbodytemperaturecanbebeneficialforagoodnight’srest.Asourbodiestrytokeepwarmwhenit’s‘coldout,bloodvesselsgetnarrowerandhelpcontrolyoursleeptemperatureforamorerelaxedandrestfulsleep.Peoplesleepingincolderenvironmentsgenerallywakeupfeelingmorerefreshedthanthosesleepinginwarmertemperatures.(在寒冷的天氣里，穩(wěn)定的體溫有助于晚上睡個(gè)好覺(jué)。當(dāng)外面很冷的時(shí)候，我們的身體會(huì)試圖保持溫暖，血管會(huì)變窄，幫助控制你的睡眠溫度，從而獲得更放松、更安寧的睡眠。睡在寒冷環(huán)境中的人醒來(lái)時(shí)通常比睡在溫暖環(huán)境中的人更神清氣爽。)”可知，本段的主旨是寒冷的天氣有助于睡眠。故A選項(xiàng)“它有助于睡眠?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選A?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Lowtemperaturesforceustodresswarmlyagainstthecold,leadingtoprotectionagainstenvironmentalaspectsthatwouldotherwiseremovewaterfromourskin.(低溫迫使我們穿上暖和的衣服來(lái)抵御寒冷，從而保護(hù)我們免受環(huán)境因素的影響，否則會(huì)使皮膚失去水分。)”可知，后文提到低溫會(huì)避免皮膚失去水分，即寒冷天氣對(duì)皮膚有好處。故F選項(xiàng)“寒冷的天氣可以使我們的皮膚看起來(lái)和感覺(jué)健康?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ItwasthefirstdayofhighschoolforEmily.Asshewalkedtoschool,Emilyfeltnervous.Shehadheard___21___fromherolderbrothersabouthowworryinghighschoolcouldbe,andshewasafraidshewouldn’t___22___.Butassoonasshearrivedoncampus,her___23___wereputtorest.Shesaw___24___facesfromhermiddleschoolandsoonmadenewfriendswithstudentsinherclasses.HerfirstclassofthedaywasEnglish,andEmilywasexcitedto___25___hernewteacher,Mr.Johnson.AsMr.Johnsonenteredtheclassroom,Emilycouldseetheenthusiasm(熱情)inhiseyes.Hebeganto___26___himselfandthenaskedeachstudenttostandupandsharesomethingaboutthemselves.Emilylistenedasherclassmates___27___theirhobbiesandinterests,andwasinspiredbytheirdiversity.Whenitwasherturn,Emilystoodupand___28___introducedherself.Butasshespoke,shegraduallygain___29___.Shewashappytobeinthisnew____30____.Therestofthedayflewby.Emilywentfromclasstoclass,learningabouthistory,science,andmath.Shewas____31____byherteachers’knowledge,andshefoundherself____32____therestoftheschoolyear.Thatday,she____33____thathighschoolwasn’tasscaryasshethoughtitwouldbe.Shewasexcitedaboutwhatthe____34____held.Sheknewthatshehadalottolearn,butshewas____35____forthechallenges.21.A.adventures B.stories C.lessons D.footsteps22.A.change. B.escape C.prove D.adapt23.A.views B.dreams C.fears D.goals24.A.honest B.helpless C.hopeful D.familiar25.A.persuade B.meet C.thank D.urge26.A.encourage B.educate C.comfort D.introduce27.A.shared B.managed C.planned D.admired28.A.gladly B.exactly C.nervously D.secretly29.A.success B.experience C.confidence D.strength30.A.career B.environment C.charity D.village31.A.frightened B.disappointed C.confused D.impressed32.A.goingthrough B.makingup C.longingfor D.givingup33.A.realized B.remembered C.doubted D.explained34.A.decision B.future C.habit D.rule35.A.ready B.anxious C.responsible D.happy〖答案〗21.B22.D23.C24.D25.B26.D27.A28.C29.C30.B31.D32.C33.A34.B35.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Emily上高中第一天的經(jīng)歷和感受，她一開(kāi)始對(duì)高中生活充滿擔(dān)憂，后來(lái)見(jiàn)到了熟悉的面孔，結(jié)交了新的朋友，恐懼就消失了，經(jīng)歷過(guò)英語(yǔ)課堂后，她變得有信心起來(lái)，一天的課程結(jié)束后，老師們的知識(shí)給了她深刻印象，她開(kāi)始向往接下來(lái)的學(xué)校生活，也準(zhǔn)備好迎接挑戰(zhàn)了?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她聽(tīng)哥哥們講過(guò)高中生活有多令人擔(dān)憂的故事，她擔(dān)心自己無(wú)法適應(yīng)。A.adventures冒險(xiǎn)；B.stories故事；C.lessons課程；D.footsteps腳步。根據(jù)上文“Asshewalkedtoschool,Emilyfeltnervous.”和下文“fromherolderbrothersabouthowworryinghighschoolcouldbe”可推知，Emily的哥哥們應(yīng)該是和她講過(guò)高中生活有多令人擔(dān)憂的故事，所以她才會(huì)很緊張。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她聽(tīng)哥哥們講過(guò)高中生活有多令人擔(dān)憂的故事，她擔(dān)心自己無(wú)法適應(yīng)。A.change改變；B.escape逃跑；C.prove證明；D.adapt適應(yīng)。根據(jù)上文“Shehadheard_____fromherolderbrothersabouthowworryinghighschoolcouldbe”可知，Emily聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)高中生活令人擔(dān)憂，因此會(huì)擔(dān)心自己無(wú)法適應(yīng)。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但一到校園，她的恐懼就煙消云散了。A.views視角；B.dreams夢(mèng)想；C.fears恐懼；D.goals目標(biāo)。根據(jù)上文“Emilyfeltnervous”和“shewasafraidshewouldn’t______”可知，Emily原先是緊張的、害怕的，因此應(yīng)該是恐懼消失了。故選C。【24題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她看到了中學(xué)時(shí)熟悉的面孔，很快就和班里的同學(xué)交到了新朋友。A.honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的；B.helpless無(wú)助的；C.hopeful有希望的；D.familiar熟悉的。根據(jù)上文“ItwasthefirstdayofhighschoolforEmily.”和下文“facesfromhermiddleschool”可推知，第一天上高中的Emily是看到了中學(xué)時(shí)熟悉的面孔。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：今天的第一節(jié)課是英語(yǔ)，Emily很高興見(jiàn)到她的新老師Johnson先生。A.persuade說(shuō)服；B.meet遇見(jiàn)；C.thank感謝；D.urge催促。根據(jù)上文“HerfirstclassofthedaywasEnglish”可知，Emily在上第一節(jié)英語(yǔ)課，因此應(yīng)該是見(jiàn)到新老師。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他開(kāi)始自我介紹，然后讓每個(gè)學(xué)生站起來(lái)分享一些關(guān)于他們自己的事情。A.encourage鼓勵(lì)；B.educate教育；C.comfort安慰；D.introduce介紹。根據(jù)下文“himselfandthenaskedeachstudenttostandupandsharesomethingaboutthemselves”可推知，作為老師的Johnson應(yīng)該是先介紹自己，再請(qǐng)學(xué)生進(jìn)行分享。故選D?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Emily聽(tīng)她的同學(xué)分享他們的愛(ài)好和興趣，并被他們的多樣性所鼓舞。A.shared分享；B.managed管理；C.planned計(jì)劃；D.admired欽佩。根據(jù)上文“thenaskedeachstudenttostandupandsharesomethingaboutthemselves”可知，Emily是在聽(tīng)她的同學(xué)們分享愛(ài)好和興趣。故選A?！?8題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：輪到Emily時(shí)，她站了起來(lái)，緊張地作了自我介紹。A.gladly高興地；B.exactly精確地；C.nervously緊張地；D.secretly秘密地。根據(jù)下文“Butasshespoke,shegraduallygain______.Shewashappytobeinthisnew______.”可知，后面Emily的心理發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，變得高興起來(lái)，由此推知，此時(shí)做自我介紹的她應(yīng)該很緊張。故選C?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但她說(shuō)著說(shuō)著，漸漸有了信心。A.success成功；B.experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)；C.confidence信心；D.strength力量。根據(jù)下文“Shewashappytobeinthisnew______.”可知，Emily變得高興起來(lái)，再結(jié)合這是她第一天上高中的情境可推知，她是逐漸有了信心。故選C。【30題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她很高興能在這個(gè)新環(huán)境中生活。A.career職業(yè)；B.environment環(huán)境；C.charity慈善；D.village村莊。根據(jù)上文描述的Emily是個(gè)學(xué)生，第一天上高中，來(lái)到新的校園和班級(jí)可推知，她高興的是可以在新環(huán)境中生活。故選B?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：老師們的知識(shí)給她留下了深刻的印象，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己向往剩下的學(xué)年。A.frightened害怕的；B.disappointed失望的；C.confused困惑的；D.impressed印象深刻的。根據(jù)下文“byherteachers’knowledge”可推知，老師們的知識(shí)讓Emily印象深刻。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：老師們的知識(shí)給她留下了深刻的印象，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己向往剩下的學(xué)年。A.goingthrough經(jīng)歷；B.makingup編造；C.longingfor向往；D.givingup放棄。根據(jù)下文“Thatday,she______thathighschoolwasn’tasscaryasshethoughtitwouldbe.”可知，Emily覺(jué)得高中沒(méi)有那么可怕了，因此應(yīng)該是向往高中剩下來(lái)的學(xué)年。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那一天，她意識(shí)到高中并沒(méi)有她想象的那么可怕。A.realized意識(shí)到；B.remembered記??；C.doubted懷疑；D.explained解釋。根據(jù)上文描述的Emily一開(kāi)始對(duì)高中生活充滿擔(dān)憂，后來(lái)見(jiàn)到了熟悉的面孔，結(jié)交了新的朋友，在英語(yǔ)課堂上自我介紹，變得高興起來(lái)，以及下文“thathighschoolwasn’tasscaryasshethoughtitwouldbe”可推知，她是意識(shí)到高中并沒(méi)有她想象的那么可怕。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她對(duì)未來(lái)如何感到興奮。A.decision決定；B.future未來(lái)；C.habit習(xí)慣；D.rule規(guī)則。根據(jù)上文“Shewasexcitedaboutwhatthe”和下文“held”可推知，future“未來(lái)”符合情境，固定表達(dá)whatthefutureholds意為“未來(lái)如何”，表示Emily對(duì)未來(lái)如何感到興奮。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她知道自己還有很多東西要學(xué)，但她已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好迎接挑戰(zhàn)。A.ready準(zhǔn)備好的；B.anxious焦慮的；C.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；D.happy開(kāi)心的。根據(jù)上文描述的這是Emily上高中的第一天，她一開(kāi)始對(duì)高中生活充滿擔(dān)憂，后來(lái)見(jiàn)到了熟悉的面孔，結(jié)交了新的朋友，在英語(yǔ)課堂上自我介紹，變得高興起來(lái)，以及下文“forthechallenges”可推知，她是準(zhǔn)備好迎接未來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)了，固定短語(yǔ)bereadyfor意為“為……做好準(zhǔn)備”。故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ZuTioftheJinDynastywasamanwhohadwithgreatambition.Whenhewasyoung,hehadagoodfriend___36___(name)LiuKun.Theyhadsuchadeepfriendship___37___theystayedtogethereverydayandgotupatthesametimeeverymorning.Oneday,whentheyweresleeping.ZuTiheardtheroostercrowing(雞鳴).HewokeupLiuKunandsaid,“Howabout___38___(get)uptoplayswords(劍)assoonasweheardtheroostercrowingfromnowon?”LiuKunwasstill___39___(sleep).Butheagreedwithhim___40___(joyful).Fromthenon,theygotupandplayedswordsoncetheroosterbegancrowing.Theykepttheirwordandnevergaveupnomatter___41___coldinwinterorhotinsummer.Hardwork___42___(pay)off.Afteralongperiodofhardstudyandtraining,theyfinallybecametheall-rounder.Andtheybothdidexcellentjobstotheircountry.Theidiom“torisewiththerooster”teachesusthatwithambitionandhardwork,___43___(succeed)ispossible.Whenwecandiscoverourshortcomings___44___time,itisnottoolatetotry.Butifyouarenotwilling____45____(work)hard,youwillnotbeabletoachieveacareerafterall.〖答案〗36.named37.that38.getting39.sleepy40.joyfully41.how42.paid43.success44.in45.towork【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了“聞雞起舞”的成語(yǔ)故事以及感悟?！?6題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)他年輕的時(shí)候，他有一個(gè)好朋友叫劉琨。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知friend與name構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)。故填named?！?7題詳析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們有如此深厚的友誼，以至于每天呆在一起，每天早上都在同一時(shí)間起床。根據(jù)句意和such可知，此處為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句such…that…。故填that。【38題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：從現(xiàn)在起，我們一聽(tīng)到公雞叫就起來(lái)舞劍怎么樣？about是介詞，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填getting?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：劉琨仍然很困。作表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞sleepy。故填sleepy。【40題詳析】考查副詞。句意：但他高興地同意了。修飾動(dòng)詞agree應(yīng)用副詞joyfully，故填joyfully?！?1題詳析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：不管冬天多冷夏天多熱，他們都遵守諾言，從不放棄。表示“無(wú)論多么”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)用nomatterhow，修飾cold。故填how?！?2題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：努力沒(méi)有白費(fèi)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知描述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填paid?！?3題詳析】考查名詞。句意：“聞雞起舞”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)告訴我們，只要有抱負(fù)和努力工作，成功是可能的。作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞success，不可數(shù)。故填success?！?4題詳析】考查介詞。句意：當(dāng)我們能及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點(diǎn)時(shí)，努力絕不會(huì)晚。表示“及時(shí)”短語(yǔ)為intime。故填in?！?5題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：但如果你不愿意努力，你終究無(wú)法成就事業(yè)。短語(yǔ)bewillingtodosth.表示“愿意做某事”。故填towork。第四部分寫(xiě)作(共三節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)單詞拼寫(xiě)(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的中文〖提示〗寫(xiě)出正確形式的英文單詞。46.Thisisasimplewaytomakeagoodfirst______(印象).(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗單詞拼寫(xiě))〖答案〗impression【詳析】考查名詞。句意：這是給人留下良好第一印象的簡(jiǎn)單方法。“印象”應(yīng)用名詞impression，作make的賓語(yǔ)，且空前有不定冠詞a，指“一個(gè)良好的第一印象”，impression應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故填impression。47.Hereyoucan______(探索)theuniverseandtheunknownmysterybehindit.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗單詞拼寫(xiě))〖答案〗explore【詳析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：在這里，你可以探索宇宙及其背后不為人知的奧秘。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗“探索”可知，此處使用動(dòng)詞explore，位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后，用動(dòng)詞原形。故填explore。48.Withhisseven-day______(挑戰(zhàn))courses,hehelpsthesestudentsgetoverthefear.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗單詞拼寫(xiě))〖答案〗challenge【詳析】考查名詞。句意：通過(guò)為期七天的挑戰(zhàn)課程，他幫助這些學(xué)生克服恐懼。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗可知應(yīng)用名詞challenge，作定語(yǔ)修飾courses。故填challenge。49.Dietandexerciseare______(顯然)important.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗填空)〖答案〗obviously【詳析】考查副詞。句意：飲食和運(yùn)動(dòng)顯然很重要。修飾形容詞important，前用副詞形式。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗及句意，故填obviously。50.Thisdoorshouldonlybeusedinan______(緊急情況).(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗單詞拼寫(xiě))〖答案〗emergency【詳析】考查名詞。句意：這扇門(mén)只能在緊急情況下使用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，冠詞后接名詞，根據(jù)不定冠詞an可知，空處用名詞形式，根據(jù)所給中文〖提示〗詞，應(yīng)填emergency表示“緊急情況”。故填emergency。51.Tomclosedhiseyes,and______(假裝)hewasasleep.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗單詞拼寫(xiě))〖答案〗pretended【詳析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：湯姆閉上眼睛，假裝他睡著了。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗“假裝”可知，此處使用動(dòng)詞pretend，結(jié)合句意和and前的closed可知，句子使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞使用過(guò)去式形式pretended。故填pretended。52.Ifit'salegalmatter,youneedtoseek__________(專(zhuān)業(yè)的)advice.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗單詞拼寫(xiě))〖答案〗professional【詳析】考查形容詞。句意：如果是法律問(wèn)題，你需要尋求專(zhuān)業(yè)建議。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗可知，professional專(zhuān)業(yè)的，形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞advice，符合題意。故填professional。53.TheChineseuseadifferent______(漢字)foreachword.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)〖提示〗單詞拼寫(xiě))〖答案〗character【詳析】考查名詞。句意：中國(guó)人對(duì)每個(gè)詞使用不同的字符。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)