湖南省衡陽市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末聯(lián)考英語試題(解析版)

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省衡陽市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末聯(lián)考英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時(shí),先將〖答案〗標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的〖答案〗轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.〖答案〗是C1.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Gototheplayground.B.Getoutoftheelevator.C.Stopjumpingintheelevator.〖答案〗C〖解析〗W:Becareful.Stopjumpingintheelevator.It’sdangeroustodothat.Ifyouwanttoplay,whydon’tyougototheplayground?M:I’msorry.Iwon’tdothatagain.2.Whatwillhappenaboutthecitycenter?A.Therewillbemorepollution.B.Therewillbemorebicycletracks.C.Therewillbemoreparkingareas.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:Didyouhearaboutthechangestothecitycenter?Startingnextmonth,therewillbemorebicycletracksandlessstreetparking.M:That’sgood.Therewillbelesspollutiondowntown.I’msuretherewillbefeweraccidents,too.3.Howwillthewomanpay?A.Incash. B.Bycheck. C.Bycreditcard.〖答案〗C〖解析〗W:Howmuchisit?M:$375.Willthatbecashorcreditcard?Wealsoacceptchecks.W:I’llpaybycreditcard.Idon’tcarrythatmuchcashwithme.4.Whyisthewomanunsatisfiedwiththefish?A.Ittastesterrible.B.Itisservedtoolate.C.It’snotwhatsheordered.〖答案〗A〖解析〗M:Isthereanythingwrong,madam?W:Therecertainlyis.Thisfishisnotfittoeat.Tostartwith,it’sovercooked,andthenit’scold,too.M:I’msorryaboutthat.I’llhaveitchanged.5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Inatheatre. C.Atagasstation.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:Didyougetsomegasforthecar?M:oh,Iforgot.We’dbettergetsomeonourwayback.Shallwegetsomethingtoeatnow?W:I’mnothungrynow.Let’sgoforamid-nightdinneraftertheplay.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whodoesthemanwanttospeakto?A.MaryJones. B.JackStewart. C.DavidBowie.7.Whenwillthetrainingcoursestart?A.OnJune12th. B.OnJuly12th. C.OnJuly22nd.〖答案〗6.C7.B〖解析〗W:Hello,MaryJones.M:Hello.ThisisJackStewart.IsDavidBowiethere?W:No,I’msorry.Hehasjustlefttheoffice.M:Whenwillhebeback?W:NottillThursday.CanItakeamessage?M:Yes,thanks.ThisisJackStewarthere.Iwanttotalktohimaboutatrainingcourseheisinterestedin.ItwillstartonJuly12th,notonJuly22ndasoriginallyplanned.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Howmuchistherentfortheextralargetentperday?A.$10. B.$50. C.$60.9.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Reserveatent. B.Lookforacampingsite. C.Changehercampingplan.〖答案〗8.C9.A〖解析〗M:Hello,Ineedtorentanoutdoortentwhichisbigenoughforfourpeople.W:Thenyou’llneedourlargetent.Itcanberentedfor50dollarsperday.Butforanextra10dollars,youcanreserveourextra-largetent.Itwilloffersomeadditionalstandingroomspace.M:Ithinkthat’sexactlywhatIneed.W:Great,butyou’llhavetoreserveatentatleastoneweekinadvance,forit’salittleshortofsupply.M:Noproblem!Ourcampingtripisnextmonth.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。10.Whenwillthemantourthecampus?A.OnMondaymorning. B.OnMondayafternoon. C.OnTuesdayafternoon.11.Whichyearofcollegearethespeakersprobablyinnow?A.Thefirstyear. B.Thesecondyear. C.Thethirdyear.12.WhatactivitywillthemantakepartinonTuesdaymorning?A.CareersLecture. B.StudentUnionInduction. C.LibraryTour.〖答案〗10.B11.A12.C〖解析〗M:Liz,I’mlookingatthetimetablehere.Itseemsthattherearesomechoicesavailable.W:So,whatareyougoingtodoonMondayafternoon?Inthemorningweallhavetheopeninglecture.M:Well,theCareersLecturemightbehelpful,butIaminterestedintheUniversityTour.So,I’mdoingthetourfirst,thenthelecture.W:Alright.Mightlearnsomethinginteresting.Afterall,wehaven’tseenmuchoftheuniversityyet,andwewillbespendingfouryearshere.M:OnTuesdayafternoon,there’salectureaboutstudyskills,butthatmorningoffersanotherchoice.W:LibraryTourorStudentUnionInduction,whatdoyouthink?M:Ithinkthestudentunionisveryimportant,butwecangothereanytime.Nowweshouldtakeadvantageofthelibrarytour.W:Ok.Wednesdaymorningisfree,butafterlunchthere’sachoicebetweenvisitingthecomputerlabandattendingalectureonourlegalrights.M:Well,computersarethebasisofeverythingthesedays,soI’mgoingtothecomputerlab.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。13.Whatpositionisthemanapplyingfor?A.Amusicteacher. B.Aradiohost. C.ATVproducer.14.Whatdoesthemansayaboutsendingemails?A.Heisgoodatit. B.Heneedstimetopractice. C.Heprefersmakingphonecalls.15.Whatdoesthejobinvolveaccordingtothewoman?A.Alotoftraffic. B.Gettingupearly. C.Dealingwithcomplaints.16.Whoappearsintheman’sreferencelist?A.Hisformerboss. B.Hisformerclassmate. C.Hisformercolleague.〖答案〗13.B14.A15.B16.C〖解析〗W:Haveaseat,please.Tellmewhyyouwantthisjob.M:I’veworkedasamusicteachermywholelife,andIwantachange.AsIlovemusicsomuch,Ithinkworkingasahostataradiostationwouldbeperfectforme.W:Thedutiesofthisjobincludeansweringthephonesandsendinge-mails.Howareyouwiththesethings?M:I’mexperiencedinsendinge-mails,andwhenIwasateenager,IworkedataTVstationansweringphonecalls.Iguessit’sprettysimilar.W:Wealsohavesomeearlymorningshereinthestudio.Sometimesyou’llhavetobeherearound4:00am.M:Good.I’manearlyriser,sothat’seasyforme.Italsomeanslesstraffic,whichisgreat.W:DoyouhavereferencesIcancall?M:yes,Ihavealisttogiveyou.TwoarethepeopleIworkedwithatmylastjob,andoneisaprofessorofmygraduateschool.W:Okay.I’llgiveyouacallsoontoletyouknowourdecision.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.Whenwilltheracebeheldthisyear?A.OnMay11th. B.OnMay23rd. C.OnMay24th.18.Wheredoestheracestart?A.Atthefootballground.B.Onthenorthsideofthepark.C.Atthemainentranceofthepark.19.Whatcaneveryrunnergetthisyear?A.AT-shirt. B.Awaterbottle. C.Apairofrunningshoes.20.Whocanrunintheracefreeofcharge?A.Childrenbetween8and15.B.Childrenundertheageof8.C.Adultswhohaveregisteredinadvance.〖答案〗17.C18.A19.B20.A〖解析〗M:I’mCarolJohnson,theorganizerofthisyear’sAbingtonFunRun.I’mdelightedtotellyouthatthisyearitwillbeheldonMay24th.It’sopentorunnersofanyage.ThecourseofthefunrunwillbethroughthebeautifulenvironmentofAbingtonParkandthetotaldistancewillbethreekilometers,startingandfinishingatthefootballground.That’sonthesouthsideofthepark,veryclosetothemainentrance.AbingtonFunRunisaraceinwhichtherearenowinnersorlosers.Everyonewhotakespartwillbegivensomethingtoremembertheday.LastyearitwasaT-shirt.Thisyearitwillbeawaterbottle.Thecostforadultsis$8ifyouregisterinadvanceor$10ontheday.Anychildundertheageof15cantakepartforfreebutthere’salowestagelimitof8.Ifyouwouldliketojoininit,entryformsandaninformationpackwithlotsofusefultipsforimprovingyourfitnessandpreparingfortherunareavailablefromanynewsagent’s.Seeyouthere.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHerearefourcitiesthataregreatforwintertravel.QuebecCity,CanadaQuebecCityisoneoftheoldestcitiesinNorthAmerica.Inthewinter,itiscoveredinathickblanketofsnow,creatingbeautifulwinterscenery.VisitorscanexploretheQuebecCitycastle,thestreetsoftheoldtown,andancientchurches.Youcanalsotrywinteractivitiessuchasskiing,ice-skating,anddog-sledding.Helsinki,FinlandHelsinki,thecapitalofFinland,turnsintoafairytale-likecityinthewinter.YoucantakeawalkalongthefrozencoastoftheBalticSea,visitSt.Nicholas’AnglicanChurchandtheNationalMuseumofFinland,andindulgeinthepleasureoftastingcandyandhotchocolateinwarmcafes.Additionally,youcanexperiencethewondersoftheArcticCirclenearbyinLapland,includingchasingthenorthernlights,reindeersledding,andvisitingSantaClausVillage.Innsbruck,AustriaInnsbruckissituatedintheAlpsandisawintersportsdestination.Thecityisfamousforitsmagnificentmountainsceneryandworld-classskiresorts.Visitorscanenjoythemedievalarchitectureinthecitycenter,skiattheOlympicskiresort,orwatchskijumpingcompetitionsattheskijumpingvenue.Lausanne,SwitzerlandLausanneisacityintheFrench-speakingregionofSwitzerland,locatedontheshoresofLakeGeneva.Thecityboastscharminglakeviewsandsnow-cappedmountainbackgrounds,makingitanidealwintervacationdestination.Youcantakeastrollalongthelakesidepromenade,visittheOlympicMuseum,orsampleSwisscuisinesuchaschocolateandcheesefondue.Additionally,Lausannehassomefamousskiresorts,suchasLesDiableretsandVillars.21.WhatcanvisitorsdoinQuebecCityduringthewinter?A.Visitthefamouschocolatefactory.B.ExploreSantaClausVillage.C.Appreciatetheoldbuildings.D.Walkingalongthebeautifulbeach.22.WhichcitywillbethefirstchoiceifonewantstoseetheArcticlandscape?A.QuebecCity. B.Helsinki. C.Innsbruck. D.Lausanne.23.Whatdothelasttwocitieshaveincommon?A.Theyhavefamousskiresorts.B.Theyhaveworld-famousmuseums.C.Theyarelocatedontheshoresoflakes.D.TheyarefamousfortheOlympicGames.【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)非常適合冬季旅行的城市。〖答案〗21.C22.B23.A【21題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章QuebecCity,Canada部分“QuebecCityisoneoftheoldestcitiesinNorthAmerica.Inthewinter,itiscoveredinathickblanketofsnow,creatingbeautifulwinterscenery.VisitorscanexploretheQuebecCitycastle,thestreetsoftheoldtown,andancientchurches.Youcanalsotrywinteractivitiessuchasskiing,ice-skating,anddog-sledding.(魁北克市是北美最古老的城市之一。在冬天，它被厚厚的雪毯覆蓋，創(chuàng)造了美麗的冬季風(fēng)景。游客可以探索魁北克城的城堡、老城區(qū)的街道和古老的教堂。你也可以嘗試一些冬季活動(dòng)，比如滑雪、滑冰和狗拉雪橇。)”可知，冬天游客在Quebec能欣賞那些古老的建筑。故選C?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章Helsinki,Finland部分中“Additionally,youcanexperiencethewondersoftheArcticCirclenearbyinLapland,includingchasingthenorthernlights,reindeersledding,andvisitingSantaClausVillage.(此外，您還可以在拉普蘭附近體驗(yàn)北極圈的奇觀，包括追逐北極光、馴鹿雪橇和參觀圣誕老人村。)”可知，如果想看北極景觀，Helsinki將是首選。故選B?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章Innsbruck,Austria部分中“Thecityisfamousforitsmagnificentmountainsceneryandworld-classskiresorts.(這座城市以其壯麗的山景和世界級(jí)的滑雪勝地而聞名。)”和Lausanne,Switzerland部分中“Additionally,Lausannehassomefamousskiresorts,suchasLesDiableretsandVillars.(此外，洛桑還有一些著名的滑雪勝地，如LesDiableets和Villars。)”可知，最后兩個(gè)城市都有著名的滑雪勝地。故選A。BCreightonisnostrangertothemedia.HewasthefaceofaTVseries,whichremainspopularforitsbehind-the-sceneslookattheupsanddownsofzoolife.Hewasoftenstoppedonthestreet,andisregularlycalled“themanfromthezoo”.Creighton’sfatherandhisbrotheralsoworkedatDublinZoo.“Idon’teverremembernotbeinginthezoo,”hesaid.Creighton’spassionforanimalwelfareisclear,andnotsomethingthathasreducedovertheyears—forhim,orhisfather.Justafewhoursearlierhewasatthevet’swithhisfatherwheretheir15-year-oldGermanshepherdhadtobeputtosleep.“Foranyzookeeper,losingananimalislikelosingapartofyourself,”saidCreighton.Hehasbeenpresentfortheeuthanasiaofanoldlion,whichreducedmanyzookeeperstheretotears.Hewaspresentforthedeathofachimpanzeeinher50swhobothCreightonandhisfatherhadcaredforovertheyears.Healsodescribedthedeathofarhino,whichescapedfromatransportcontainerin1996,assomethinggut-wrenching.InJanuary2021,heleftDublinZooandstartedhisownconsultancyagency,GlobalElephantCare.Heisworkingondevelopingelephantcareandenclosures(圍場(chǎng))inFrance,theUK,theUS,Israel,AustraliaandtheUnitedArabEmirates,whereelephantswillhaveairconditioningtosavethemfromthe50-degreeheat.Heisalsoworkingonprojectstomanagethegradualreleaseofelephantsbackintothewild,butneverthelesstalksstraightlyabouttheirsituation.Thereareabout40,000Asianelephantsleftintheworld.Inanhour,therewillprobablybefiveorsixAfricanelephantskilledfortheirivory.Despitethecruelrealityforelephantsaroundtheworld,withincreasinghumanencroachment(侵占)ontheirnaturalhabitat,Creightonfacesitwithasmile.24.WhyisCreightonfamiliartomedia?A.HewasinvolvedinaTVprogram.B.Hefilmedadocumentaryonthepeople.C.Hepostedhisworklifeinthezooonline.D.Hewasthezookeeperofthepopularzoo.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gut-wrenching”inparagraph3mean?A.Tooproud. B.Greatlycheerful.C.Quitehelpless. D.Extremelyupset.26.WhatisCreighton’spurposeofestablishingGlobalElephantCare?A.Toraisemoneytohelpelephants.B.Toguaranteetheelephants’welfare.C.Tomanagetheelephantsinthewild.D.Toimproveelephants’livingconditions.27.WhatcanbeusedtodescribeCreighton?A.Efficientandjust. B.Sociableandloyal.C.Caringandoptimistic. D.Sensitiveandmean.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了克里頓這位前動(dòng)物園工作人員的故事，以及他對(duì)動(dòng)物福祉的深厚情感和他在動(dòng)物保護(hù)方面的工作。〖答案〗24.A25.D26.B27.C【24題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Creightonisnostrangertothemedia.HewasthefaceofaTVseries,whichremainspopularforitsbehind-the-sceneslookattheupsanddownsofzoolife.(克里頓對(duì)媒體并不陌生，他曾經(jīng)是某電視劇的主角，該劇通過幕后的視角展示了動(dòng)物園生活的起起伏伏，至今仍然很受歡迎)”可知，克里頓對(duì)媒體并不陌生的原因是他曾經(jīng)參加過一個(gè)電視節(jié)目，故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段劃線詞上文“Hehasbeenpresentfortheeuthanasiaofanoldlion,whichreducedmanyzookeeperstheretotears.Hewaspresentforthedeathofachimpanzeeinher50swhobothCreightonandhisfatherhadcaredforovertheyears.Healsodescribedthedeathofarhino,whichescapedfromatransportcontainerin1996,as(他目睹了一頭老獅子的安樂死，這讓那里的許多動(dòng)物園管理員都流下了眼淚。一只50多歲的黑猩猩去世時(shí)，克雷頓和他的父親多年來一直在照顧它。他還將1996年一頭從運(yùn)輸集裝箱中逃脫的犀牛的死亡描述為)”可知，犀牛從從運(yùn)輸集裝箱中逃脫后死亡，這讓克里頓感到很難過。由此推知，第三段劃線部分的含義為“非常難過的”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Heisworkingondevelopingelephantcareandenclosures(圍場(chǎng))inFrance,theUK,theUS,Israel,AustraliaandtheUnitedArabEmirates,whereelephantswillhaveairconditioningtosavethemfromthe50-degreeheat.Heisalsoworkingonprojectstomanagethegradualreleaseofelephantsbackintothewild.(他正在法國(guó)、英國(guó)、美國(guó)、以色列、澳大利亞和阿聯(lián)酋等地致力于大象護(hù)理和圈養(yǎng)設(shè)施的發(fā)展，在這些地方，大象將擁有空調(diào)以抵御高達(dá)50度的酷熱。他還致力于開展逐步釋放大象回歸野外項(xiàng)目的管理工作)”可推知，建立全球大象護(hù)理中心的目的是為了確保大象的福祉，而大象的福祉包括但不限于充足的食物供給、適宜的生活條件和環(huán)境、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的維持、安全以及健康。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Heisworkingondevelopingelephantcareandenclosures(圍場(chǎng))inFrance,theUK,theUS,Israel,AustraliaandtheUnitedArabEmirates,whereelephantswillhaveairconditioningtosavethemfromthe50-degreeheat.Heisalsoworkingonprojectstomanagethegradualreleaseofelephantsbackintothewild.(他正在法國(guó)、英國(guó)、美國(guó)、以色列、澳大利亞和阿聯(lián)酋等地致力于大象護(hù)理和圈養(yǎng)設(shè)施的發(fā)展，在這些地方，大象將擁有空調(diào)以抵御高達(dá)50度的酷熱。他還致力于開展逐步釋放大象回歸野外項(xiàng)目的管理工作)”可推知，克里頓是一個(gè)有關(guān)愛之心的人。根據(jù)最后一段“Despitethecruelrealityforelephantsaroundtheworld,withincreasinghumanencroachment(侵占)ontheirnaturalhabitat,Creightonfacesitwithasmile.(盡管世界各地的大象面臨著殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)，隨著人類對(duì)其自然棲息地的日益侵占，克里頓還是微笑著面對(duì))”可推知，克里頓是一個(gè)樂觀的人。故選C項(xiàng)。CAnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.“Formanydecades,scientiststhoughtthebrainmaybeprotectedfromtheharmfuleffectsofairpollution,”saidseniorstudyauthorDr.ChrisCarlsten.“Thisstudy,whichisthefirstofitskindintheworld,providesfreshevidencesupportingaconnectionbetweenairpollutionandcognition.”Forthestudy,theresearchersbrieflyexposed25healthyadultstodieselexhaust(柴油廢氣)andfilteredairatdifferenttimesinalaboratorysetting.Brainactivitywasmeasuredbeforeandaftereachexposureusingfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI).Theresearchersanalyzedchangesinthebrain’sdefaultmodenetwork(DMN),asetofinter-connectedbrainregionsthatplayanimportantroleinmemoryandinternalthought.ThefMRIrevealedthatparticipantshaddecreasedfunctionalconnectivityinwidespreadregionsoftheDMNafterexposuretodieselexhaust,comparedtofilteredair.“WeknowthatalteredfunctionalconnectivityintheDMNhasbeenassociatedwithreducedcognitiveperformanceandsymptomsofdepression,soit’sconcerningtoseetrafficpollutioninterruptingthesesamenetworks,”saidDr.JodieGawryluk,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofVictoriaandthestudy’sfirstauthor.“Whilemoreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthefunctionalimpactsofthesechanges,it’spossiblethattheymayimpair(損害)people’sthinkingorabilitytowork.”Notably,thechangesinthebrainweretemporaryandparticipants’connectivityreturnedtonormalaftertheexposure.Dr.Carlstenassumedthattheeffectscouldbelonglastingwhereexposureiscontinuous.Hesaidthatpeopleshouldbemindfuloftheairthey’rebreathingandtakeappropriatestepstominimizetheirexposuretopotentiallyharmfulairpollutantslikecarexhaust.28.Howdoestrafficpollutionaffectpeopleaccordingtothestudy?A.Exhaustingtheirbody. B.Decreasingtheirincome.C.Endangeringtheirsafety. D.Harmingtheirbrainfunction.29.WhatmaytheDMNberesponsiblefor?A.Growth. B.Sport. C.Memory. D.Behaviour.30.WhatcanpeopledotoreducetheimpactaccordingtoDr.Carlsten?A.Avoidbeingexposedtothepollutedairconstantly.B.Bemindfuloftheairqualityinanewcity.C.Measurethebrainactivityinlaboratories.D.Stayinsideahouseasoftenaspossible.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ARoleOfBrainWillBeRuinedB.TrafficPollutionMayImpairBrainFunctionC.AFamousUKUniversityDidAVitalStudyD.ASourceOfPollutionHasDrawnPeople’sAttention【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究，該研究表明普通水平的交通污染可以在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)損害人類的大腦功能?！即鸢浮?8.D29.C30.A31.B【28題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.(英屬哥倫比亞大學(xué)(UBC)和維多利亞大學(xué)的研究人員進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，普通水平的交通污染可以在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)損害人類的大腦功能。)”可知，交通污染會(huì)損害人們的大腦功能。故選D。【29題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“Theresearchersanalyzedchangesinthebrain’sdefaultmodenetwork(DMN),asetofinter-connectedbrainregionsthatplayanimportantroleinmemoryandinternalthought.ThefMRIrevealedthatparticipantshaddecreasedfunctionalconnectivityinwidespreadregionsoftheDMNafterexposuretodieselexhaust,comparedtofilteredair.(研究人員分析了大腦默認(rèn)模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)(DMN)的變化，這是一組相互連接的大腦區(qū)域，在記憶和內(nèi)部思維中起著重要作用。功能磁共振成像顯示，與過濾空氣相比，接觸柴油廢氣后，參與者DMN廣泛區(qū)域的功能連通性下降。)”可知，DMN可能負(fù)責(zé)記憶。故選C。【30題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段中“Dr.Carlstenassumedthattheeffectscouldbelonglastingwhereexposureiscontinuous.Hesaidthatpeopleshouldbemindfuloftheairthey’rebreathingandtakeappropriatestepstominimizetheirexposuretopotentiallyharmfulairpollutantslikecarexhaust.(Carlsten博士認(rèn)為，如果持續(xù)接觸，這種影響可能會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。他說，人們應(yīng)該注意自己呼吸的空氣，并采取適當(dāng)措施，盡量減少接觸汽車尾氣等潛在有害空氣污染物。)”可知，Carlsten博士認(rèn)為，人們可以避免經(jīng)常暴露在被污染的空氣中來減少影響。故選A。【31題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.(英屬哥倫比亞大學(xué)(UBC)和維多利亞大學(xué)的研究人員進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，普通水平的交通污染可以在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)損害人類的大腦功能。)”可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究，該研究表明普通水平的交通污染可以在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)損害人類的大腦功能。故選B。DInrecentyears,studieshavesuggestedhowthebisphenolA(BPA)insomefood-packagingplasticshasbeenlinkedtovarioushealthproblemsincludingheartdiseaseanddevelopmentaldifficultiesinchildren.Scientistsarethusdevelopingamoreharmlessalternative,andit’smadefromtomatowastewhichwouldotherwisebegotridof.However,BPAisstillwidelyusedintheplasticcoatingswhichareappliedtotheinsideofmetalfoodpackagingsuchascans.Thesesmoothwaterproofcoatingshelpprotectthemetalfromcorrosion(腐蝕),plustheykeepthefoodfromstickingtotheinsideofthecontainer.Buildingonpreviousstudies,aninternationalteamhasresearchedatypeofagriculturalwasteknownastomatopomace.Thismaterialtypicallyconsistsoftomatoskins,seedsandstems,whichareleftoverafterthefruitshavebeenprocessedforuseinfoodssuchassaucesorjuices.Ordinarily,thepomaceissimplydumpedinalandfill,burned,oratbestcomposted.Itmayalsobeusedinanimalfeed,althoughitdoesn’thavemuchnutritionalvalue.Thescientistsstartedbydryingtomatopomace—firstinthesunforthreedays,thenina60℃ovenfor16hours—afterwhichtheygroundeditintoapowder.Thatpowderwassubsequentlymixedwithasodiumhydroxidesolution(溶液),whichwasthenheatedat100℃forfourhours.Afterrepeatedlyfilteringthatsolutiontoremovethesodiumhydroxide,theresearcherswereleftalipid.Thatlipidwasthenmixedintoanethylalcoholsolutionwhichwassprayedontosamplesofsomemetal.Oncethesprayhaddriedandthesampleshadbeenheatedina200℃ovenfor10to60minutes,theresultwasapolymerizedlacquercoatingwhichprovedtobeveryeffectiveatprotectingthemetal.Thescientistsnowplanontestingthecoatingonactualcans.“Wewouldtaketomatosauce,andotherfoodsthatareusuallysoldincans,andwewouldsterilizethem,putthemintinsandcheckiftheywithstandrealconditions,”saidascientist.32.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelytousetheplasticcoating?A.Apotfullofwater.B.Acupfilledwithcoffee.C.Atincontainingapplejuice.D.Anironboxstuffedwithpackagedfood.33.Whatdoweknowabouttomatopomace?A.It’susedasanimal’sfoodwithrichnutrition.B.Ithasbeenusedintheplasticcoatings.C.Peopleuseittomakesauceorjuice.D.Peopleusuallytreatitinmanyways.34.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph4?A.Howthenewcoatingiscreated. B.Whyheatingisimportant.C.Whyhightemperatureisneeded. D.Whatothermaterialsareincluded.35.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Topresentascientificstudy. B.Tointroduceanewmaterial.C.Toshowacomplexprocess. D.Toteachanactualtest.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了傳統(tǒng)的含有雙酚A的涂層會(huì)引發(fā)健康問題，因此科學(xué)家們使用番茄渣制成了一種新型涂層，以解決該問題，接下來研究人員會(huì)對(duì)該材料展開進(jìn)一步的測(cè)試?！即鸢浮?2.C33.D34.A35.B【32題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,BPAisstillwidelyusedintheplasticcoatingswhichareappliedtotheinsideofmetalfoodpackagingsuchascans.Thesesmoothwaterproofcoatingshelpprotectthemetalfromcorrosion(腐蝕),plustheykeepthefoodfromstickingtotheinsideofthecontainer.(然而，雙酚A仍被廣泛應(yīng)用于如罐頭等金屬食品包裝內(nèi)部的塑料涂層。這些光滑的防水涂層有助于保護(hù)金屬免受腐蝕，還可以防止食物粘在容器內(nèi)部)”可知，這種塑料涂層是用在如罐頭等金屬食品包裝內(nèi)部，保護(hù)金屬免受腐蝕，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，C項(xiàng)“裝有蘋果汁的罐頭”最有可能使用這種涂層。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ordinarily,thepomaceissimplydumpedinalandfill,burned,oratbestcomposted.Itmayalsobeusedinanimalfeed,althoughitdoesn’thavemuchnutritionalvalue.(通常情況下，番茄渣被簡(jiǎn)單地傾倒在垃圾填埋場(chǎng)，燃燒，或者最好用于堆肥。它也可以用于動(dòng)物飼料，盡管它沒有太多的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值)”可知，番茄渣的處理方式包括：當(dāng)作垃圾被填埋、燃燒、制作堆肥、制成動(dòng)物飼料。由此可知，人們通常以多種方式處理它。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thescientistsstartedbydryingtomatopomace—firstinthesunforthreedays,thenina60℃ovenfor16hours—afterwhichtheygroundeditintoapowder.Thatpowderwassubsequentlymixedwithasodiumhydroxidesolution(溶液),whichwasthenheatedat100℃forfourhours.Afterrepeatedlyfilteringthatsolutiontoremovethesodiumhydroxide,theresearcherswereleftalipid.Thatlipidwasthenmixedintoanethylalcoholsolutionwhichwassprayedontosamplesofsomemetal.Oncethesprayhaddriedandthesampleshadbeenheatedina200℃ovenfor10to60minutes,theresultwasapolymerizedlacquercoatingwhichprovedtobeveryeffectiveatprotectingthemetal.(科學(xué)家們首先將番茄渣曬干——首先在陽光下曬三天，然后在60℃的烤箱里烘烤16個(gè)小時(shí)——然后將其磨成粉末。隨后將粉末與氫氧化鈉溶液混合，然后在100℃下加熱4小時(shí)。在反復(fù)過濾該溶液以去除氫氧化鈉后，研究人員得到了一種脂質(zhì)。然后將脂質(zhì)混合到乙醇溶液中，再將乙醇溶液噴灑到一些金屬樣品上。一旦噴霧干燥，樣品在20℃的烤箱中加熱10到60分鐘，成果是聚合漆涂層，被證明對(duì)保護(hù)金屬非常有效)”可知，本段具體介紹了科學(xué)家們處理番茄渣，將其制成新涂層材料的操作步驟。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Scientistsarethusdevelopingamoreharmlessalternative,andit’smadefromtomatowastewhichwouldotherwisebegotridof.(因此，科學(xué)家們正在開發(fā)一種更無害的替代品，它是由番茄渣制成的，否則這些廢棄物就會(huì)被處理掉)”可知，文章主要圍繞科學(xué)家們使用番茄渣制成的一種新型涂層展開，介紹了傳統(tǒng)的含有雙酚A的涂層會(huì)引發(fā)健康問題的背景情況，番茄渣這種材料的傳統(tǒng)處理方式，并描述了這種新型涂層的制作步驟和效果，以及進(jìn)一步的研究方向。由此可知，文章的目的是介紹一種新涂層材料。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Cultivatinggratituderequireseffortandacommitmenttochange.Thefollowingexercisescanhelpyoutakeonagratefuloutlook.Practicemindfulness____36____.Tapintoyoursensesandletyourmindlinger(逗留)onpleasant,everydaysensations.Focusonthetasteofaripestrawberry,forexample,thefeelingofthesunonyourskin,orthegentlesoundofbackgroundmusic.Thiscanhelpgroundyouinthepresent,pullingyouawayfromworrying.KeepagratitudejournalTherearemanywaystocreateagratitudejournal.First,decideifyouwanttokeepaphysicaljournalthatyouwriteinoradigitallistonyourphoneorcomputer.____37____.Youcanupdatethejournalonaweeklybasis,endingtheweekbyputtingdownthreeorfourmomentsthatyouappreciated.____38____Buildrelationshipsbywritingthank-youletterstopeopleinyourlife.Gointodetailabouttreasuredmemoriesfromyourrelationship.Writeaboutthepositiveeffectthey’vehadonyourlife.Whenyou’redone,youcanmailordeliverthelettersinperson.RevisitandreframepasteventsMostofuscanrecallpasteventsthatweregret.____39____.Althoughtheymayhaveledtodisappointment,shameorevenheartbreak,you’velikelyalsolearnedsomethingfromtheseexperiences.Whilethesegratitudeexercisescangiveyourmoodandoutlookawelcomeboost,itcantaketimeforthemtoimpactyourmentalhealthandoverallwell-being.Bepatientandcontinuepracticinggratitude.Turntheexercisesintolittlerituals.Intime,youmaynoticeyourstresslevelsdropandrelationshipsstrengthen.____40____.A.WritenotesofappreciationB.ListwhatdeservesappreciationC.AlittlegratitudecandoharmtoyourmoodD.Then,you’llhaveevenmorereasonstobegratefulE.Then,considerhowoftenyou’llupdatethejournalF.ItcouldbeanythingfromafailuretoangerataclosefriendG.Enjoyinglittlemomentsinyourlifecanbeawaytocultivategratitude【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了培養(yǎng)感恩之心的幾種方法?！即鸢浮?6.G37.E38.