2024版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)寫作：必須要洞悉的讀后續(xù)寫讀文6策略

寫作專項(xiàng)提升第二講必須要洞悉的讀后續(xù)寫

讀文6策略英語策略一

概括文章中心一篇完整的文章必有其中心。每一段落都要服務(wù)于中心?？偨Y(jié)文章的中心思想,并理解原材料的內(nèi)容,知曉故事情節(jié)發(fā)展方向,我們就能順藤摸瓜,依據(jù)常理,以服務(wù)中心為原則,設(shè)計(jì)下一段的情節(jié),這就是續(xù)寫?？偨Y(jié)文章的中心可以從以下兩方面著手:一、找出文章的主題好文章常有“語不驚人死不休”的開頭,為的是吸引讀者繼續(xù)讀下去。這樣的開頭要么為文章中心的表述做好鋪墊,要么開門見山,直奔主題?？傊屑?xì)理解文首,有利于掌握文章的中心思想。很多時(shí)候文章的第一句就是主題句。找出了主題句,就掌握了文章的中心。對于議論較多的夾敘夾議文章來說,由于受文章篇幅的限制,一篇文章一般只談?wù)撘粋€(gè)主題。因此主題句常位于文中的四個(gè)地方:①主題句在文首,文章結(jié)構(gòu)成倒三角形,如圖一所示;②主題句在文末,文章采用歸納法進(jìn)行論述,文章結(jié)構(gòu)成正三角形,如圖二所示;③主題句在文中,先采用歸納法得出結(jié)論,然后講故事,以作例證。此時(shí),文章結(jié)構(gòu)成菱形,如圖三所示;④主題句在文首和文尾構(gòu)成首尾呼應(yīng),文章結(jié)構(gòu)成紡錘形,如圖四所示。由此可見有一半的文章可以在文首找到主題句。也就是說像圖一和圖四這樣結(jié)構(gòu)的故事比較常見,因?yàn)槿藗冮喿x與寫作時(shí)都喜歡開門見山。另有四分之一的文章的主題句在文章的中間段落,如圖三所示。文章開頭給出一種現(xiàn)象或一個(gè)問題等引出主題,然后進(jìn)行分述或解釋,再歸納出主題。這類結(jié)構(gòu)的故事往往從文中開始敘述。這類故事的主題句在實(shí)際閱讀中也是非常明顯的。二、歸納文章的中心如上所述,只有少數(shù)故事的主題句在文末,如圖二所示。此時(shí)主題的歸納變成了考生必須續(xù)寫的結(jié)尾。這樣的文章需要我們用歸納法找出主旨大意和中心思想。歸納就是找出公共信息。閱讀時(shí)找出每句話之間的公共信息。每讀完一段后,用一句話(英漢皆可)歸納出段落大意,寫在段落的邊空上。對比各段的大意,找出段落的公共部分便概括出全文大意。這就是歸納或總結(jié)。在一篇文章的主題句不很明確的情況下,這是最有效的概括文章大意的方法。根據(jù)文章的中心與情節(jié)的進(jìn)展結(jié)合生活常識就可以輕松設(shè)計(jì)出需要續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容。圍繞文章中心,續(xù)寫的第一段就情節(jié)的發(fā)展問三個(gè)問題:下一個(gè)情節(jié)是什么?為什么?各個(gè)角色會(huì)怎么做?續(xù)寫第二段回答一個(gè)問題:關(guān)于此事主人公有怎樣的感想?只要不偏離主題,緊跟情節(jié)的進(jìn)展,結(jié)合生活常識,續(xù)寫內(nèi)容自然能輕松地推演出來。典型例題閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使其構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。“Ihatethem!Ireallyhatethem!”shoutedTomangrily.TaraandMikelookedattheirfriend.Theycouldn’tbelieveit.Hewasreallyfurious!“AndyisOKnow,”saidTara,tryingtocalmTomdown.Thethreefriendswereintheparkafterschool.TheyweretalkingabouttheirfriendAndy.Andywastheyoungestintheclassandtodaytwobullies(欺凌者)pushedhimagainstalockerandhurthim.Andyfellandcuthishead.Nowhehasfivestitches(縫針)inhisforehead.Theirschoolwasanice,peacefulplaceuntilBrianandMarkarrivedafewmonthsago.BrianandMarkwerebulliesandtheirfavoritetroublespotwasthelockerroom.ThatmorningtheirvictimwasAndy,maybebecausehewassmallerandyoungerthaneveryoneelseintheclass.Theteachersknewthatthereweresomebullyingincidentsatschool.Butmostkidsdidn’twanttoreporttheincidents.Sobullyingattheirschoolwasn’tan“official”problem.DuringtheincidentAndycuthishead.Assoonasthebulliessawtheblood,theydisappeared.Andycalledforhelpandateachercameandtookhimstraighttothehospital.ButAndydidn’ttelltheteacheraboutthebullies.Whentheheadteacheraskedhim,hesimplysaid,“Ifellandcutmyhead.”“BrianandMarkmustpay!”repeatedTom.Hewaswalkingaroundincirclesandhittingthepalmofhislefthandwithhisrightfist.“Can’tyousee?

Youarebehavinglikethebullies,”Tarasaidsadly.MikelookedatTom,too,andheknewTomverywell:Tomhatedviolence.“Bullyingisnotcool,”saidMike,

wavinghisarmsashewasdancing.“Wehavetotellsomeoneaboutthis,”saidTara.“Andywashurt.”Butrightnow,Tomhadotherthingsonhismind.Henotonlyhatedthebulliesbutalsohatedviolence.Hewasinadilemma—hewantedtofightBrianandMarkbuthedidn’twanttofightwiththebulliesbyviolence.注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。“Whatcanwedo?”Tomandhisfriendsdecidedtofindawayout.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thethreefriendsstartedtoputtheiranti-bullyplanintopractice._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________思路分析

總結(jié)中心閱讀原材料,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)文章的中心是:三個(gè)好朋友——湯姆、塔拉和邁克,針對小個(gè)子安迪被欺凌的情況,聯(lián)合起來以非暴力的形式反對校園欺凌。把握這一中心之后,續(xù)寫就有了根基,創(chuàng)意就能得到發(fā)揮?！緟⒖挤段摹俊癢hat

can

we

do?”Tom

and

his

friends

decided

to

find

a

way

out.Itseemedthattheyhadtosolvetheprobleminasensibleandcivilizedway.“Listenguys,”saidTom.“I’vegotaplan.”“Whatisit?”askedbothTaraandMikewithinterest.“Wecansendmessagestoourfriendsandaskthemtoresendthetexttosomeoneelse.Inthisway,wecancreateanetwork,”saidTom.Thethreefriendstalkedaboutthisideaforthewholeafternoonandtheirideagraduallyturnedintoasolidplan.The

three

friends

started

to

put

their

anti-bully

plan

into

practice.TomwroteanewmessageonhisMeta,whichisagreatwayofcommunicatingwithdifferentpeople.Allthepeoplewereimpressedwiththeirplanandwantedtostopthebulliesforgood.OnedaywhenBrianandMarkmadetheirwayoutofschool,twopoliceofficerswentovertothemandtookthemintothepolicecar.Tomandhisfriendslearnedsomethingimportant—youarenevertooyoungtomakeadifference.策略二

領(lǐng)會(huì)故事背景要完成讀后續(xù)寫,首先要理解材料;要理解材料,首先要了解材料的特點(diǎn)。讀后續(xù)寫的材料就是故事。理解故事首先要領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的背景,包括故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因。故事發(fā)生的背景有大小之分,大的可能以第二次世界大戰(zhàn)為背景,小背景的故事可能發(fā)生于在家里做作業(yè)的時(shí)候。小背景的故事可以描寫幾分鐘或幾小時(shí)內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情,故事可能只與某一地點(diǎn)有關(guān),只涉及一到兩人。大背景的故事則不一樣。時(shí)間跨度有幾年、十幾年甚至幾十年。大背景的地點(diǎn)跨度涉及幾個(gè)國家。人物可能涉及很大的群體。典型例題閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Anyonewho’severbeenakidhas,atsomepoint,fallenvictimtoamessageinabottlefantasy.It’strulyoneofthemostromanticideasever,isn’tit?Innothingbutaglassbottle,amessagecancrossanoceanandconnecttworandompeoplewhoarehalftheworldapart.Andwhat’sevenmoreromantic?Beliefinthegoodofpeoplecompletelyunknowntoyou,enoughtosendthemwell-wishesfromacrosstheworldwithoutbeingmotivatedbyanythingotherthantheguidanceofyourheartandcuriousmind.Thesedays,technologyhasconnectedtheworldmorethanever,andtheunusualthoughtofamessageinabottlehasalmostceasedtoexist.Butoneyoungboymanagedtofollowhisdreamthroughbeforethatcouldhappen.Andoncehehadalmostcompletelyforgottenit,hisdreamcametrue.MaxVredenburghwasjust10yearsoldwhenhesatdownwithamessagefortheunknown.Hewroteoutallofhisfavoritethingsinthenote—obviouslylookingforwaystoconnect.“Ilikeapples,Ilikethebeach,myfavoritecolor’sblue,Ilikeanimals,Ilikecars,andIlikeouterspace,”hedeclaredinthetypicalfashionofayoungboy.Hebottleditup,andputitintothecoastalMassachusettswater,hopingitwouldfinditswaytoakindstranger.Aftersomanyyears,hischildhoodmessageinabottledidn’tevencrosshismind.Itwasn’tuntilhefinallygotatexttheotherday.Butatthistimehewasalreadyinhissecondyearatuniversity.Almost10yearslater,Max’swishjustcametrue.注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。AmanfoundthebottlebeachedonthecoastofFrance,clearacrosstheAtlanticOceanmorethan3,000milesfromwhereMaxhadfirstsentitoutsolongago._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Then,CBS(ColumbiaBroadcastingSystem)Bostoncameknockingonthedoor.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________思路分析

領(lǐng)會(huì)背景表面看來,故事背景很大,時(shí)間跨度接近十年,面積之大涉及大西洋兩岸的美法兩國。實(shí)際背景很小,只涉及馬克斯·弗里登堡和收到漂流瓶的法國人。所以續(xù)寫要比較精細(xì)?！緟⒖挤段摹緼

man

found

the

bottle

beached

on

the

coast

of

France,clear

across

the

Atlantic

Ocean

more

than3,000miles

from

where

Max

had

first

sent

it

out

so

long

ago.“Itwillhavetakenalmost10yearstocoverthe5,000kmthatseparatesus,”G.Duboiswrotebacktohim.“Youhadgrownalotduringthattime:10to19yearsold.”Inhisexcitement,thefirstthingMaxdidwassharethestoryandapictureonTwitter.Thepostwentviral,accumulatingmorethan500,000likesand136,000retweets.OnepersononTwittercommented,“Myfavoritepeoplearetheonesthatareoptimisticenoughaschildrentothrowmessagesinabottle.”Then,CBS(Columbia

Broadcasting

System)Boston

came

knocking

on

the

door.Duringtheirinterview,Maxadmitted,“Logically,IthinkIhaveahigherchanceofwinningthelotterythanthishappening.”HetoldCBSthatthelettermadehimreflectonexactlyhowhe’dchangedduringthattime,andwhoheisasapersontoday.He’swrittenbacktoDubois,thankinghimforhisresponseandhopingtoknowmoreabouthimasaperson.Hewantstoknowwhathisfavoritefoodis,andwhathisfavoritecoloris.Doeshelikespace?策略三

把握時(shí)間脈絡(luò)讀后續(xù)寫的原材料都是故事。故事多按時(shí)間順序展開,文章中的時(shí)間線索出現(xiàn)在不同段落的句子中。閱讀時(shí)留意每段開頭第一、二兩句的時(shí)間狀語,有利于把握文章的時(shí)間線索。不同的時(shí)間人們會(huì)在不同地點(diǎn)做不同的事情。當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語不明顯時(shí),時(shí)間線索會(huì)以某一地點(diǎn)或某一行為的方式存在。典型例題(2020浙江7月改編)閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Onefall,mywifeElliandIhadasinglegoal:tophotographpolarbears.Wewerestayingataresearchcampoutside“thepolarbearcapitaloftheworld”—thetownofChurchillinManitoba,Canada.Takingpicturesofpolarbearsisamazingbutalsodangerous.Polarbears—likeallwildanimals—shouldbephotographedfromasafedistance.WhenI’mfacetofacewithapolarbear,Ilikeittobethroughacamerawithatelephotolens.Butsometimes,thatiseasiersaidthandone.Thiswasoneofthosetimes.AsElliandIcookeddinner,ayoungmalepolarbearwhowasplayinginanearbylakesniffed,andsmelledourgarlicbread.Thehungrybearfollowedhisnosetoourcamp,whichwassurroundedbyahighwirefence.Hepulledandbitthewire.Hestoodonhisbacklegsandpushedatthewoodenfenceposts.Terrified,ElliandItriedallthebeardefenseactionsweknew.Weyelledatthebear,hitpotshard,andfiredblankshotgunshellsintotheair.Sometimesloudnoiseslikethesewillscarebearsoff.Notthispolarbearthough—hejustkepttryingtoteardownthefencewithhismassivepaws(爪子).Iradioedthecampmanagerforhelp.Hetoldmeahelicopterwasonitsway,butitwouldbe30minutesbeforeitarrived.Makingthebestofthiscloseencounter(相遇),Itooksomepicturesofthebear.ElliandIfearedthefencewouldn’tlastthrough30moreminutesofthebear’spunishment.ThecampmanagersuggestedIusepepperspray.Thesprayburnsthebears’eyes,butdoesn’thurtthem.SoIapproachedouruninvitedguestslowlyand,throughthefence,sprayedhimintheface.Withanangryroar(吼叫),thebearrantothelaketowashhiseyes.注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Afewminuteslater,thebearcameback._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Attheverymoment,thehelicopterarrived._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________思路分析本文的主題語境屬于人與自然。文章講述了主人公拍攝北極熊的一次危險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷,重點(diǎn)描述了主人公遭遇北極熊以及與北極熊斗爭的驚險(xiǎn)過程,闡述人與動(dòng)物和諧相處的主旨。把握線索我們可以將讀后續(xù)寫材料中發(fā)生的事情,按照時(shí)間順序串聯(lián)起來,這樣就可以得到故事梗概,并預(yù)測故事發(fā)展的方向:aswecookeddinner→asthebeartriedtoteardownthefencewithhismassivepaws→afterweradioedthecampmanagerforhelp【參考范文】A

few

minutes

later,the

bear

came

back.Thenwerealizedthatthesprayhadonlyangeredhimevenmore,forheseemedmuchfiercerthistimeandviolentlypushedthefencelikemad.Myheartracedwildly,notknowingwhattodo.Atthiscriticalmoment,Elligrabbedseveralpiecesofgarlicbreadandthrewthemoverthefence.Itworked!Thebearstoppedtheattackandrantothebread.Butitwasn’tlongbeforeheateupallthebreadandcamebackagain.At

the

very

moment,the

helicopter

arrived.“Thankgoodnesswearesaved!”Ellicriedout.Oncethehelicopterlanded,wegotontoitinnotime,excitedandrelieved.Whenweweresafeonthehelicopterupintheair,Iwasamazedtospotthatthebearhadfinallytorndownthefenceandrantowardsthefoodweleftbehind.Iquicklytookoutthecameraandphotographedtherarescene—wewererobbedbyapolarbear!策略四

洞悉文章結(jié)構(gòu)讀后續(xù)寫的材料是故事,故事由起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合四個(gè)部分構(gòu)成?！捌稹本褪情_端。在故事的開端部分作者會(huì)陳述故事的背景、事情的起因等。有的故事開端會(huì)很平直,或開宗明義、單刀直入;有的會(huì)設(shè)置懸念、引人思考;有的也會(huì)平鋪直敘、留有余地?？傊晒适碌拈_端會(huì)引人注目?！俺小本褪浅薪??！捌稹辈糠纸o出事情的起因,實(shí)質(zhì)就是沖突。故事的承接部分會(huì)使沖突進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,直到高潮的出現(xiàn)。好故事的承接部分內(nèi)容充實(shí),推進(jìn)自然,承上啟下。故事的承接部分包含大量細(xì)致的情節(jié),包括動(dòng)作的描述、心理的變化、會(huì)話的表達(dá)等。“轉(zhuǎn)”就是變化。文似看山不喜平。好故事的情節(jié)都有起伏變化,跌宕有致而又合乎情理。讀后續(xù)寫題中的“轉(zhuǎn)”常常是要求考生續(xù)寫的第一段?！昂稀本褪墙Y(jié)尾。好故事的結(jié)尾會(huì)意義深遠(yuǎn),賦有韻味。圓滿的結(jié)局讓人愉悅,悲劇性結(jié)尾讓人傷感。有的故事在結(jié)尾處點(diǎn)明主題,首尾呼應(yīng);還有故事在結(jié)尾處啟發(fā)聯(lián)想,發(fā)人深省。不管怎樣,一般故事結(jié)尾都會(huì)干脆利落,使整個(gè)故事劇情完整。讀后續(xù)寫題中的“合”常常是要求考生續(xù)寫的第二段。典型例題閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Stevegrabbedhisbatandglove.“Seeyoulater,Mom.I’mgoingtoPaul’s.”Heracedoutthedoorandcloseditbehindhimwithviolence.Summervacationjustbegan.Theboysplannedtoplaybaseballeveryday,sotheycouldmakethefreshmanteam.PaulwaswaitingoutsideforSteve.“Whatareyoudoing?Where’syourstuff?”Steveliftedhisbatontohisshoulder.Paulshookhishead.“IhavetocleanMr.Thimpson’sgaragebeforeIcango.Withhisbrokenarm,hecan’tdoithimself.MymomalwaysvolunteersmetohelptheThimpson’s.They’rekindofold.”“Okay,”saidSteve,“I’llhelpyou.We’llgetdonequickerworkingtogether.”TheboyswentdowntheblocktotheThimpson’sandgotstarted.Theyfoundacoupleofbroomsandshovels.Beforetheyswept,theyputboxesthatwerestrewn(散落)aroundthegarageflooronshelves.AsPaulputabigboxonashelf,itfelloffandwithitfellanenvelope.Hepickeditup.Itwasn’tsealed(密封),soheopenedit.Therewerelotsofone-hundred-dollarbills.“You’vegottoseethis,”hepulledoutahandfulofbillsandshowedSteve.“Whoa,”saidSteve,“wheredidyougetthat?”Paulpointedtotheshelf.“Itjustfelldownwhentheboxfell.There’sgottobeacoupleofthousanddollarshere.”PaullookedpastStevetothegaragedooropening.“Thecoastisclear.Ifwetakesome,Ibetnoonewilleverknow.”Stevewrinkledhisbrowandshookhishead.“Areyoucrazy?That’sstealing.”“Well,Idoalotofhouseworkforthemanddon’tgetpaid.It’snotreallystealing;it’skindofpaymentformyhardwork.”StevegrabbedthemoneyfromPaul’shandandstuffeditbackintheenvelope.“Knockitoff.You’rebetterthanthat.”Heputtheenvelopebackontheshelf.“Comeon.Let’sgetdoneandgettothepark.”注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右?！癏ello,boys,”Mr.Thimpsonwalkedintothegarage,withaboxinhishand.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theboysfinishedtheworkandbegantocutthechocolatecake._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________思路分析

洞悉結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以通過起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合來分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。起:史蒂夫拿起打棒球的球棒和手套跟媽媽道別,要去找保羅。說完他興致勃勃地離開了。文章交代了他們計(jì)劃組建新生球隊(duì)。此時(shí)保羅正在屋外等候史蒂夫。見到史蒂夫后,保羅告訴他,他必須先幫助蒂普森先生打掃完車庫后才能去打球。此時(shí)史蒂夫提出要和保羅一起打掃蒂普森先生的車庫。承:接著在打掃車庫的過程中保羅發(fā)現(xiàn)了一沓錢。此時(shí)兩個(gè)孩子在對待錢的問題上產(chǎn)生分歧。保羅認(rèn)為可以拿走一些錢作為他勞動(dòng)的報(bào)酬,而史蒂夫覺得應(yīng)該放在原地不動(dòng)。故事至此已經(jīng)彰顯出史蒂夫誠實(shí)的品格,在史蒂夫的堅(jiān)持下他們把錢放回原處。轉(zhuǎn):此時(shí)要求考生開始續(xù)寫第一段。首句是:這時(shí)蒂普森先生帶著一個(gè)盒子走進(jìn)了車庫。合:此時(shí)要求考生開始續(xù)寫第二段。首句是:孩子們打掃完車庫,開始切巧克力蛋糕。從第二段的首句可知:蒂普森先生帶來的盒子里裝的是巧克力蛋糕。無疑,在續(xù)寫的第一段中,蒂普森先生要對孩子說一些表示感謝的話。然后說明那個(gè)巧克力蛋糕是給他們吃的。那一沓錢的事情可以作為考生選擇表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。如果不提錢的事情,考生也可以選擇談?wù)摫Ａ_媽媽的近況,來表現(xiàn)他們一家樂于助人的品格?？傊灰c前文能夠融合就可以將故事展開。在續(xù)寫的第二段中,說孩子們吃完后去打球,最后表述孩子們的心情,也未嘗不可。如果能夠設(shè)計(jì)此時(shí)蒂普森先生給他們帶來更大的驚喜,會(huì)將故事情節(jié)推向高潮?！緟⒖挤段摹俊癏ello,boys,”Mr.Thimpson

walked

into

the

garage,with

a

box

in

his

hand.“Mrs.Thimpsonbakeditforyou.ShesaysPaullikeschocolatemostandwantsyoutotakeapiece.Wesureappreciateallthethingsyouhavedoneforus,Paul.”Withthis,Mr.Thimpsonreturnedtothehouse.“Whew,”saidPaul,“thatwasclose.Youknow,Steve,you’reright.Idon’tknowwhatgotintome.TheThimpsonsarealwaystryingtopaymefortheworkIdo.Mrs.Thimpsonisalwaysmakingmecakesandcookies,andshe’sknittedmefivesweaters.”The

boys

finished

the

work

and

began

to

cut

the

chocolate

cake.Theydugintoitwithtwoglassesofmilkeach.ThencamethetimetosaygoodbyetotheThimpsons.NosoonerhadtheyenteredthehousethanMrs.ThimpsonhandedPaulabrandnewbatandglove.“Thisisforyou.Youhavedonesomuchforus.”Lookingatthepresents,Paulfrozeandhisfacegotred.“Th...thankssomuch.Ilovethem!”O(jiān)utside,SteveputhishandonPaul’sshoulder.“See,younotonlyhavearightchoice,butthebatandgloveyoulongedforaswell.”策略五

厘清人物關(guān)系了解故事中的人物特點(diǎn)和人物關(guān)系是續(xù)寫的基礎(chǔ),若不仔細(xì)分析,續(xù)寫中人物的行為很有可能不合邏輯。對于人物特點(diǎn),作者有時(shí)會(huì)通過文字直接說明,有時(shí)會(huì)通過細(xì)節(jié)描寫進(jìn)行刻畫。在大多數(shù)故事中,人物之間的關(guān)系并不會(huì)明確地說出來,但是我們可以通過故事中某些暗含的信息挖掘出來。厘清故事中人物之間的關(guān)系及各自的特點(diǎn)需把握文章的語言特點(diǎn),可從以下兩個(gè)方面入手:1.通過關(guān)鍵詞句在材料中,許多關(guān)鍵詞語,如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等,都暗示了故事中人物之間的關(guān)系或人物的特征。例如2021年新高考全國Ⅰ卷的讀后續(xù)寫材料中,首句中的Thetwins告訴我們,Jenna和Jeff是一對雙胞胎兄妹;“Theyhadwatchedtheirmotherinthekitchen.Therewasnothingtoit.”暗示了兄妹倆年紀(jì)還小,并無做飯經(jīng)驗(yàn),只是看過而已,在他們看來,做飯似乎是一件輕而易舉的事情;“Thepairwentdownthestairsquietlytothekitchen.”中的副詞quietly暗示了兄妹倆不愿意驚動(dòng)父母的行為特點(diǎn)。2.通過人物對話許多故事中都會(huì)有人物對話,從這些對話中,我們可以得知人物關(guān)系和人物特點(diǎn)。典型例題閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。TheMeredithfamilylivedinasmallcommunity.Astheeconomywasindecline,somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Peopleweretryingtohelpeachothermeetthechallenges.Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.Sheknewtheyhadproblems,andtheyneededallkindsofhelp.Whenshehadtime,shewouldbringfoodandmedicinetothem.Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshehadvisitedthedaybefore.Therewasamansickinbed,hiswife,whotookcareofhimandcouldnotgoouttowork,andtheirlittleboy.Thelittleboy—hisnamewasBernard—hadinterestedherverymuch.“Iwishyoucouldseehim,”shesaidtoherownchildren,John,Harry,andClara.“Heissuchahelptohismother.Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney,butIdon’tseewhathecando.”Aftertheirmotherlefttheroom,thechildrensatthinkingaboutBernard.“Iwishwecouldhelphimtoearnmoney,”saidClara.“Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.”“SodoI,”saidHarry.“Wereallyshoulddosomethingtoassistthem.”Forsomemoments,Johnsaidnothing,but,suddenly,hesprangtohisfeetandcried,“Ihaveagreatidea!Ihaveasolutionthatwecanallhelpaccomplish(完成).”Theotherchildrenalsojumpedupallattention.WhenJohnhadanidea,itwassuretobeagoodone.“Itellyouwhatwecando,”saidJohn.“YouknowthatbigboxofcornUncleJohnsentus?Well,wecanmakepopcorn(爆米花),andputitintopaperbags,andBernardcantakeitaroundtothehousesandsellit.”注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn’sidea,shethoughtitwasagoodone,too.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________思路分析本文是一篇記敘文。文章記敘了Mrs.Meredith和她的三個(gè)孩子幫助家庭貧困的Bernard賺錢養(yǎng)家的故事。人物關(guān)系讀后續(xù)寫材料中“‘Iwishyoucouldseehim,’shesaidtoherownchildren,John,Harry,andClara.‘Heissuchahelptohismother.Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney,butIdon’tseewhathecando.’”表明了John,Harry和Clara是三兄妹,she是媽媽;這段話還說明了他們要幫助的那個(gè)男孩的處境:他是他媽媽的重要幫手,他很想掙錢,卻沒有門路?！緟⒖挤段摹縒hen

Mrs.Meredith

heard

of

John’s

idea,she

thought

it

was

a

good

one,too.Verysoon,thechildrenwerebusypoppingthecorn,whiletheirmotherwentouttobuythepaperbags.Whenshecameback,shebroughtBernardwithher.Bernardwasverygladtojoinintheworkandsaid,“Sogoodanidea!I’lltryrightnow.”Theyworkedtogetheruntilallthecorntheypreparedwasallpopped,thepaperbagsfilledandarrangedinthebasket.With

everything

ready,Bernard

started

out

on

his

new

business.Muchsoonerthanexpected,hereturnedwithanemptybasket.Hehadneverearnedsomuchmoneybeforeinhislife.Formanyweeks,theMeredithfamilycontinuedtoofferpopcorntoBernard.Peoplebegantowatchforthe“l(fā)ittlepopcornboy”,andeveryweekhehadatleastfiftycents,asignificantincomeforhimandhisfamily,totakehome.AllofthiswasthankstothegoodideathatJohncameupwith.策略六

跟蹤情節(jié)變化故事情節(jié)是指故事中所描寫的事件發(fā)展、演變的全過程。情節(jié)是故事主體,是作品的生命,沒有情節(jié)就不稱其為故事。故事情節(jié)一般包括開端(beginning)、發(fā)展(risingaction)、高潮(climax)、結(jié)局(ending)四部分。有的故事的開端前還有序幕(prologue),結(jié)局中還包括尾聲(epilogue)。典型例題(2021八省市聯(lián)考卷)閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Duringthispastyear,I’vehadthreeinstancesofcartrouble.Eachtimethesethingshappened,Iwassickofthewaymostpeoplehadn’tbotheredtohelp.Oneofthosetimes,IwasonthesideoftheroadforclosetothreehourswithmybigJeep.Iputsignsinthewindows,bigsignsthatsaidNEEDAJACK(千斤頂),andofferedmoney.Nothing.RightasIwasabouttogiveup,aMexicanfamilyinasmalltruckpulledover,andthefatherboundedout.Hesizedupthesituationandcalledforhisdaughter,whospokeEnglish.

HeconveyedthroughherthathehadajackbutthatitwastoosmallfortheJeep,sowewouldneedsomethingtosupportit.Thenhegotasaw(鋸子)fromthetruckandcutasectionoutofabiglogonthesideoftheroad.Werolleditoverandputhisjackontop,andwewereinbusiness.Istartedtakingthewheeloff,andthen,ifyoucanbelieveit,Ibrokehistireiron.Noworries:Hehandedittohiswife,andshewasgoneinaflashdowntheroadtobuyanewtireiron.Shewasbackin15minutes.Wefinishedthejob,andIwasaveryhappyman.Thetwoofusweredirtyandsweaty.Hiswifepreparedapotofwaterforustowashourhands.Itriedtoputa$20billintheman’shand,buthewouldn’ttakeit,soinsteadIwentuptothetruckandgaveittohiswifeasquietlyasIcould.Iaskedthelittlegirlwheretheylived.Mexico,shesaid.TheywereinOregonsoMommyandDaddycouldworkonafruitfarmforthenextfewweeks.Thentheywouldgohome.注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。WhenIwasabouttosaygoodbye,thegirlaskedifI’dhadlunch._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Aftertheyleft,IgotintomyJeepandopenedthepaperbag._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________思路分析作者的汽車出故障后,本以為沒有人愿意幫忙,沒想到墨西哥一家人不嫌麻煩不計(jì)回報(bào),幫作者修好汽車。情節(jié)變化【參考范文】When

I

was

about

to

say

goodbye,the

girl

asked

if

I’d

had

lunch.AbrightsmileflashedonherfacewhenIsaidIhadn’t.Thefamilyinvitedmetoenjoythelunchtogether.Originally,Irefused,butwatchingtheirenthusiasticfacesInoddedwithgratitude.Wesharedawonderfulmeal,overwhichtheysharedinterestingstoriesabouttheirlivesinMexicoandonfruitfarms.Afterlunch,thegirl’smotherputapaperbaginmyJeep.Ishowedmygratitudeagainandwesaidgoodbyetoeachother.After

they

left,I

got

into

my

Jeep

and

opened

the

paper

bag.Insidethebagweresomefruits.Iwasalsosurprisedtofindthe$20bill.Iwasovercomewithamixtureofrespectandgratitude.Itwasawesometoknowthatwhilemanypeopletendtoignorethoseinneed,therearesomekind-heartedoneswhogooutoftheirwaytolendahand.Thegooddeedtheforeignfamilydidwillneverescapeme.I’msureIwillpayitforward!跟蹤訓(xùn)練(2022廣東第二次模擬考試)閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Musichasalwaysbeenanessentialpartofmyfamily.Asalittlegirl,Ioftenwatchedmymomsingingwithothersinthechurch.AsIgrewolder,sheandIwouldsingwhilewedidthedishesorhungclothes.MybrotherDeanwasalsoamusicalsoul.Ingoodtimeorinbad,therewasalwaysmusicinourhouse.Itshapedus,comfortedus,andgaveusawaytoexpressfeelingsthatmightotherwisehavegoneunspoken.AfterDeanbecameafather,welearnedthathisoldestsonwasontheautismspectrum(自閉癥).MynephewDjdidnothandlesocialsituationswell,andsometimesevenforhimtospeakaloudoutsidethefamilywasastruggle.Heworkedveryhardtoovercomehisfears,somu