江蘇省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高一年級(jí)下冊(cè)期初英語(yǔ)試卷(含答案)

江蘇省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期初英語(yǔ)試卷

學(xué)校：___________姓名：班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：

一'閱讀理解

TherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomenintheAntarctic.Herearefour

landmarksinAntarcticaandthey'renamedforthefemalepioneers.

JonesTerrace（梯田）

Theice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica'sVictoriaLandbearsJonesname.In1969,

geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheUStoworkin

Antarctica.Jonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweathering（風(fēng)化作用）intheMcMurdoDry

Valleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhad

collected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley'sice-

coveredlakes.

MountFineness

8,202-foot-highMountFineness,locatedonAntarctica9slargestisland-Alexander

Island-isnamedforGinnyFineness.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowers

intheAntarctic.In1985,FinenessbecamethefirstfemaleinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,

aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarctic

region.FrancisPeak

FrancisPeak

The3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica'sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJane

Francis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolar

researchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina

2021paperthatAntarctica'sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuch

warmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.

PedenCliffs

PedenCliffsnearAntarctica'sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.

ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,whereshe

usedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequency

radiowavesspreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.Theyalso

usedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.

1、WhichofthefollowingisnamedafterabuilderofradiotowersintheAntarctic?

A.PedenCliffs.B.FrancisPeak.

C.MountFineness.D.JonesTerrace.

2、WhohelpedprovetheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctica?

A.IrenePeden.B.DameJaneFrancis.

C.GinnyFineness.D.LoisM.Jones.

3、WhatwasspecialaboutIrenePedenaccordingtothetext?

A.ShecouldjudgethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.

B.Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.

C.ShewasthefirstfemaleAmericantoexploretheAntarctic.

D.Shecorrectlymeasuredthespreadingspeedofradiowaves.

SeytonThomasisacollegestudentwithaheartofgiving.Shehasexperienced

challengesinherlifethatsculptedherdrivetolightasparkinyoungchildrenfromall

backgroundstodevelopleadership,perseverance,compassionandself-love.Shesays,

"Serviceiswhatsavedme,andIhopethatthisisamessagethatIcanspreadtotheyouth

acrosstheworld."

Duringthepandemic,SeytonThomasorganizedadiversegroupofyoungpeopletohelp

alocalcrisiscenter.TheCommunityCrisisCenterinMiami,Oklahoma,isahomethatgives

shelterandotherservicestowomenandchildrenwhoaresufferingfromdomesticabuse.The

crisiscenterdependsonvolunteerstohelpthewomenandchildrenreceiveencouragement

andabreakfromstress,butthepandemicmadevolunteerinteractiondifficult.

Seytongottheideafromthecrisiscenterdirectorofpaintingencouragingmessageson

stonesandhidingtheminthelawnofthecrisiscenterforthechildrentofind.Seytonpulled

togetherotherstudentsfromthePhiThetaKappaHonorSocietyandhercollegesoccerteam.

Togethertheyoungpeoplecollectedstones,paintedkindmessagesandfilledtwoboxesfull

offunandcolorfulstones.Thentheygavethemtothecrisiscentertohide.Thechildrenat

thecrisiscenterweredelightedtofindandreadthesemessages.Theythoughthighlyofthe

experienceaswellasthewordscomingfromcommunitymemberswhotooktimetomake

themrealizetheywerevalued.

Seytonreflectswiththegroupofvolunteersthattheprojectisagreatwaytobring

peopletogetherpositivelyinthecommunitytodosomethingforthegoodofothers.Theytalk

abouthowservingotherscanmakeadifferencetosomeone'slife.Itseemsthatthedeedisas

smallasastone,buttheimpactcanbeaslargeasamountain.

4、WhomdoestheCommunityCrisisCentermainlyhelp?

A.Poorfamilies.B.Homelessorphans.

C.Victimsoffamilyviolence.D.Pandemicdiseasesufferers.

5、HowdidSeytonThomashelpthecrisiscenter?

A.Byraisingafundforallkidsinthecenter.

B.Byspreadingusefulnewsaboutthepandemic.

C.Byencouraginghersoccerteammemberstodonate.

D.Bypresentinginspiringmessagestochildreninthecenter.

6、WhatkindofpersonisSeytonThomas?

A.Curiousandoptimistic.B.Kind-heartedandcaring.

C.Seriousandmodest.D.Creativeandeducated.

7、Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Smallstonesmakeabigdifference

B.Volunteerworkhasgreatbenefits

C.Findhopeduringdifficulttimes

D.Givingisbetterthanreceiving

Itisreportedthatthesenseofsmellplaysadominantroleinthesocialinteractionsofall

landanimalsexcepthumans.Thenthequestionarises:Isthisbecausehumansdon'tusetheir

nosesinsocialsettingsthewayallotherlandanimalsdo?Oristhisbehaviorcovert（隱蔽的）,

ratherthanovert,inhumans?

Infact,thisisexactlywhatInbalRavreby,agraduatestudentinProfNoamSobel's

laboratoryinWeizmann'sBrainSciencesDepartment,triedtoanswer.Andasseverallinesof

evidencesuggestthathumansareconstantly,althoughmostlysubconsciously,sniffing

themselvesandothers,Ravrebysupposedthatthelatteristhecase.

Totestherhypothesis,Ravrebyconductedthestudywithpairsofclickfriends:same-sex

nonromanticfriendswhosefriendshipshadoriginallyformedveryrapidly.Becausesuch

friendshipsemergepriortoanin-depthacquaintance,theymaybeparticularlyinfluencedby

physiologicalcharacteristicssuchasbodysmell.Shethencollectedbodysmellsamplesfrom

theseclickfriendsandconductedtwosetsofexperimentstocomparethesampleswiththose

collectedfromrandompairsofindividuals.Inonesetofexperiments,sheperformedthe

comparisonwithadeviceknownasanelectronicnose,oreNose,whichassessedthe

chemicalsignaturesofthesmells.Intheother,sheaskedvolunteerstosmellthetwogroups

ofbodysmellsamplesinordertoassesssimilaritiesmeasuredbyhumanperception.Inboth

typesofexperiments,clickfriendswerefoundtosmellsignificantlymorelikeeachother

thantheindividualsintherandompairs.

Next,toruleoutthepossibilitythatbodysmellsimilaritywasaconsequenceofclick

friendships,ratherthanacontributingcause,Ravrebyperformedanadditionalsetof

experiments,inwhichsheusedtheeNoseto"smell“anumberofvolunteerswhowere

completestrangerstooneanother,andthenaskedthemtoengageinnonverbal俳言語(yǔ)的）

socialinteractionsinpairs.Aftereachsuchstructuredinteraction,theparticipantsratedthe

otherindividualintermsofhowmuchtheylikedthatperson.Subsequentanalysisrevealed

thattheindividualswhohadmorepositiveinteractionsindeedsmelledmorelikeeachother,

asdeterminedbytheeNose.

“Theseresultsimplythat,asthesayinggoes,thereischemistryinsocialchemistry,

Ravrebyconcludes.However,Sobelofferswordsofcaution,"Thisisnottosaythatweact

likedogsorgoats一humanslikelyrelyonother,farmoredominantsignalsintheirsocial

decision-making.Nevertheless,ourstudy'sresultsdosuggestthatournoseplaysabigger

rolethanpreviouslythoughtinourchoiceoffriends.^^

8、WhatdidInbalRavrebywanttofigureout?

A.Whetherhumanshaveasharpsenseofsmell.

B.Whetherhumans9nosescandetectalltypesofsmells.

C.Whetheritisnecessaryforhumanstosniffotherpeople.

D.Whetherthesenseofsmellplaysaroleinhumans9interaction.

9、Whatmakesthefirsttwosetsofexperimentsdifferentfromeachother?

A.Thewaytomakecomparisons.

B.Theparticipationofrandompairs.

C.ThewayvolunteersusedtheeNose.

D.Thenumberofpairsofclickfriends.

10、WhydidRavrebyinvolvecompletestrangersinthefollowingexperiments?

A.Todeterminethereliabilityofthefinding.

B.Toavoidinteractionsbetweenclickfriends.

C.Tomaketheexperimentsmuchmoreinteresting.

D.TotesttheaccuracyoftheeNoseinsmellanalysis.

11、WhatisSobersattitudetowardstheresearchfinding?

A.Disapproving.B.Doubtful.C.Positive.D.Indifferent.

Unlessyou'reblindorknowsomeonewhois,youmightnotknowthatblindpeopleuse

thesamesmartphonesassightedpeople.Infact,manyblindpeopleusetouch-screen

smartphoneseveryday.Thesecretisthatsmartphoneshaveascreenreader,atoolthatallows

blindpeopletouseamixofgesturesandtaps,alongwithvibrations（震動(dòng)）oraudiofeedback,

tousetheirapps.

Screenreadersworkondesktopcomputersaswellasmobiledevices.Awell-designed

websiteorappuserinterface（用戶界面）makestheinformationonthewebsiteorapp

accessibletothescreenreader,whichmakesitaccessibletoblindusers.However,abadly

designedwebsiteorapplicationwillturnouttobeinvisibletoascreenreader.

Manydesignersfindagoodwaytomaketechnologyavailabletoall,whichcanbe

explainedthroughanexample-thewholetouchscreen.Itwasreportedthatblindusers

foundlocatingsmalliconsandspecificnumbersontheon-screenkeypad（鍵盤）difficult.At

present,theprevailingsolutiontothisproblemistousethewholetouchscreenasaninput

control.Insteadofhavingtotouchaparticularpartofthescreen,userscantapanywherein

responsetoaudioinstructions.Theseinsightswouldhavebeenimpossiblewithoutinvolving

peoplewithdifferentdisabilitiesintheevaluationanddesignoftouchscreens.

Yetmanytechnologiesarestillnotaccessibletouserswithdisabilities.Onewaytomake

appsandwebsitesmoreaccessibleistohavepeoplewithdisabilitiesdesigningthe

technologies.Butthedesignprocessitselfisnotveryaccessibletothoseverypeople,because

veryfewtoolsinuserinterfacedesigners9toolboxareaccessible.Ifsacatch-22.

Ourrecentresearchevaluatedtheexistingprototypingsoftware,atoolallowinguser

interfacedesignerstocreatetemporarymodelstoshowclientsortotestamongusers.We

foundthatmostpopularprototypingsoftwarefailstoworktogetherwithscreenreaders.

Therefore,blinddesignerscannotusetheprototypingsoftwaretocreatemodelsoftheirown.

Thisiswheretheproblemisintheprocessofcreatingaccessibletechnology.

Accessibilityisanissuethattoucheseveryone.Providingaccesstotechnologyislegally

requiredinmostcases.Whileitisusefulfordesignerstobeawareofhowuserswith

disabilitiesinteractwithtechnologies,themostpowerfulinsightsmaycomefromthosewith

disabilitiesthemselves.

12、Whafsthemajordifferencebetweenawell-designedappandabadlydesignedone?

A.Theformerfunctionswellwithascreenreader.

B.Theformerisapplicabletomostmobiledevices.

C.Thelatterfailstointeractwithdesktopcomputers.

D.Thelatter9scomplexmixofinformationdistractsusers.

13、Whatdomanydesignersthinkisagoodwaytomaketechnologyfriendlytoall?

A.Evaluatingusers9responsetoon-screenkeypads.

B.Makinginputandoutputcontrolseasytooperate.

C.Creatingspecialiconsandnumbersforblindpeople.

D.Includingdisabledpeopleinthedevelopmentprocess.

14、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catch-22"inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Priority.B.Prejudice.C.Dilemma.D.Puzzle.

15、Whafstheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?

A.Toshowdisabledpeople'sdifficultyinusingdigitaldevices.

B.Tourgepeopletobeconcernedaboutthesituationofthedisabled.

C.Toinformusofthespecificneedsofthedisabledinthedigitalera.

D.Tostresstheimportanceofengagingthedisabledintechnologydevelopment.

二、七選五

16、Thetypicalcellphoneusertoucheshisorherphone2,617timeseveryday.Most

peoplespend3hoursontheirphoneseachday.Theeffectsofthisusageareshocking:

reducingthequalityofconversationsandnegativelyaffectingshort-termmemoryand

problemsolving.①.Howcanyoucutdownonyourusageofcellphones?The

followingaresomemethodssuggestedbyexperts.

Keeptoyourschedule.

Youcouldsetalarmsspecifyinghowoftenyoucancheckyourphone.②.When

youralarmsounds,readandhandlenotifications（通知）andthenputdownthephone.To

reduceresponseanxiety,tellyourfriendsorfamilythatyoumaynotrespondtotheir

messagesasquicklyasyouusedto.

Createno-phonetimezones.

Duringworkinghours,ifyou'reconstantlyupsetbyyourphonegoingoff,youwon't

remainfocusedonthework.Therefore,youcouldcreateano-phonetimezone.（3）.

Soyoucanconcentrateontheworkinfrontofyou.

④.

Oneideaistoreplacesomesmartphonefunctionswithrealobjects.Forexample,

purchasearadioalarmclockinsteadofdependingonyourphonetowakeyouup,andstart

yournewyearbybuyinganewnotebook,soyoucanwriteyourappointmentandto-dolist

thereinsteadofinyourphone.

Putahairband（發(fā)帶）aroundyourphone.

Whenplacedinthemiddleofthephone,thehairbandallowsuserstoanswerphonecalls

easily,butmakesotherusesofthephonemoredifficult.Everytimeyouwanttouseyour

phone,thisbringsaboutamindfulnessexerciseandmakesyouaskyourselfwhatyour

intentionis.Ifyoureallywanttousethephone,setyourintentionforwhyandremovethe

hairband.⑤.Choosethemethodsmostsuitableforyoursituationandmakeefforts

toavoidtoomuchuseofcellphones.

A.Reduceyourreliance

B.Learntolivealifewithoutphones

C.Peoplegetaddictedtosmartphonesfordifferentreasons

D.Forexample,everyhalf-hour,every45minutesoreveryhour

E.Andtherelationbetweenphoneaddictionandmentalillnessisalarming

F.Thepracticehelpsavoidmindlesslyunlockingyourphoneevery3minutes

G.Shutyourphoneforatleast2hoursofyourday,whenyou'remostproductive

三、完形填空（15空）

Onlyayearapartinage,DeAnnaEllenbergerPursaiandhersister,Angel,called

themselvestwins.Butthere'sonebig]betweenthem.

AsAngelwasbornwithDownsyndrome（唐氏綜合征），somestrangers2placing

herinaninstitution.Hermom3andsaidshewasgoingtotakeAngelhome.

Beingabletosinganddanceastheypleased,PursaiandAngelshareda（n）4

childhood.ThenPursaiwentofftoPurdueUniversity.

Atage22,Angelhadto5school.Angelwastooincapabletofindasenseof__6

indayprogramsinherruralcommunity,andtherewerenootherlocalcollegesforadultslike

Angel.ItwaswhenPursaisawhersisterlieonthecouchallthetimethatshe7how

differentAngerslifehadbeenfromhers.

8in2008,PursaimetDr.PamLindsay,whohasadaughterwithautism（自閉癥）.

Theytalkedaboutthe9ofeducationoptionsforadultswithintellectualdisabilities.And

in2009,they10theCollegeofAdaptiveArtsinSanJose,California,forthisgroupwith

11needsbutnoaccesstohighereducation.

Todate,they'vehadnearly350studentsenrolled（招募）.Manyparentshaveexpressed

12thattheirchildfoundasafespacetolearn,growanddevelopfriendships.

“Thereareadultswhoare13becausetheycanhardlyfindatraditionalcollegethat

14theirneedsJPursaisaid."Butwhenyougivethemasafespace,it'sanunbelievable

15

17、A.secretB.appointmentC.differenceD.conflict

18、A.recommendedB.triedC.avoidedD.

admitted

19、A.arrivedB.declinedC.approvedD.followed

20、A.toughB.awkwardC.stressfulD.amazing

21、A.getoffB.getridofC.getoutofD.getover

22、A.securityB.accomplishmentC.confidenceD.community

23、A.agreedB.provedC.recalledD.realized

24、A.DisappointedlyB.Gratefully

C.FortunatelyD.Regretfully

25、A.lackB.varietyC.balanceD.freedom

26、A.visitedB.contactedC.attendedD.founded

27、A.financialB.medicalC.specialD.emotional

28、A.concernB.determinationC.doubtD.relief

29、A.strugglingB.competingC.floatingD.emerging

30、A.submitstoB.caterstoC.stickstoD.refersto

31、A.invitationB.challengeC.changeD.adventure

四、語(yǔ)法填空

32、Theprofessorwillgivealecture_______（concern）pollutionandtherainforest.（所給詞

的適當(dāng)形式填空）一

33、________（expose）tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.

34、Iambeginningtofeelembarrassedbymycomplete_______（ignore）ofworldhistory.

（用單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）

35、Adiet_______（lack）nutrientswillnotke叩apersonhealthy.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）

36、Theuniversitieshaveexpanded,thus_______（allow）manymorepeoplethechanceof

highereducation.（所給詞的正確形式填空）

37、Actsof_______（generous）canchangelivesorjustgiveyouthatwarmfeelingfullof

love.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）J

38、Hefeltitwouldbehisdignitytocomment.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）

39、TheStudents9Unionislikeahugestage,_______everyonesparesnoefforttoachieve

theirdreams.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）

40>Thechairmanthought_______necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthe

meeting.

41、Muchtothecouple'scomfort,theirincomeisnowdoubleitwasfiveyearsago.

（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）

五、短文填空

42、RE,abikinglifestylecompanyinBeijing,runsjustoneofthecityclubsthathave

startedtogathercoolbikerstogether.Thecompany,sshopsnotonlyprovidebicyclegear(裝

備)and①(product),butalsohavecafesandflowerandclothingsectionsasitaims②

(promote)bikecultureasalifestylechoiceandalsoexpandthescale(范圍)and

togethernessofthebikingcommunityinthecity.

LuoYuan,CEOofRE,toldtheGlobalTimesthatthecyclingculturehaslongexistedin

Chinaandnowascene(3)wasoncecommonplaceduringthe1980s,lotsofpeople(4)

(ride)bikes,hasreturned.

“Thepositiveideaofsportscanmeettoday9surban(城市的)riders9longingfor⑤

modem,eco-friendlylifestyle.Ridingabike⑥(be)becomingaformofspiritual

healingformoreandmorepeople/9Luonoted.

Bikingcirclesarenotjustconnectedthroughshopsbutalsoonlinecommunities.Taking

theRE'sonlineplatform⑦example,ithasmorethan20,000(8)(register)

onlinemembersandover20sub-communities,inwhichbikersjoinin⑨(create)

eventssuchasdesigningtheirownridingclothesfromrecycledmaterials.

SuchtrendscanalsobeseenonsocialmediaplatformssuchasmediareviewsiteDouban

andlifestyleplatformLittleRedBook,onwhichexperiencedridersshare⑩(they)

designedroutesandexperiences.

六、書面表達(dá)

43、假定你是李華，想邀請(qǐng)你校交換生Allen一同參觀正在市藝術(shù)中心舉辦的以My

People,MyCountry為主題的書法繪畫展(calligraphyandpaintingexhibition)□請(qǐng)給他寫

一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.參觀目的；

2.參觀內(nèi)容；

3.約定時(shí)間。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

七、完成句子

44、AseachNewYear'sDaycomesnear,peopleoften（反?。﹖heirgainsandlosses

intheyear.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子）

45、Thecompanypromisesthatthenewproductisenvironmentallyfriendlybecauseitcan

（分解）naturallywithoutproducinganythingharmful.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子）

46、Theorganizationhopesthatthenewmanagerwill（注入活力）thewholeteam

whosespirithasbeenbrokenbythecompetitor.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子）

47、TheAmazonRiver,fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname,iscloseto6,400kilometres

（長(zhǎng)度）.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子）」

48、Therewillbeabigsurprise_______（等待著某人）herwhenshegetshometonight!（根

據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子）\,

49、Today,I'llgiveyouashortintroductiontosomeaspectsoffilm-makingyoumightnot

（熟悉）.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子）-“

50>Chinesebusinessmen（對(duì)...挑易!J）thedetails,especiallyintheaspectof

quality.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子）

51>Makingexerciseadailyroutinewill,（相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而），improveyourimmune

system.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子）

52、Whenfeartakescontrolofourmind,mostofuswillbe（茫然）anddon'tknow

whattodo.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子）

53、Itis（典型）hertoforgetalltheimportantthings.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子）

八、選詞填空

54、選擇并使用所給英語(yǔ)單詞的正確形式完成句子。有兩個(gè)單詞為多余詞。

establishspecificweavedevotemajorsurviveimpression

①Hehadalwaysonhischildrenthatiftheyworkedhardtheywouldsucceedinlife.

②Thedoctortoldthepatienfsfamilythathehada75%chanceof.

③Whensomeonecooksamealforusthatwedon'tlike,theofuswilltellawhite

lieandsaythefoodisdelicious.

④Thegovernmenthasacommitteetorebuildthehistoricbuildinginthetown.

⑤tohiswork,hehasnotimetoaccompanyhischildren.

參考答案

I、答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MountFineness部分的介紹中“Sheestablishedandmaintained

80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.（她在南極建立并維護(hù)了80英尺高的無(wú)線電塔）”

可知，GinnyFineness在南極建造并維護(hù)了無(wú)線電發(fā)射塔，MountFineness正是以她的

名字命名的。故選C項(xiàng)。

2、答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FrancisPeak部分的介紹中“Hercollectionoffossilson

SeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica'sabundantplantfossils

indicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.（她在西摩島U攵

集的化石有助于在2021的一篇論文中得出結(jié)論：南極洲豐富的植物化石表明，該大陸

曾經(jīng)的氣候比現(xiàn)在溫暖得多）”可知，DameJaneFrancis搜集的植物化石幫助證實(shí)了南極

洲地區(qū)以前的氣候比現(xiàn)在的溫暖得多。故選B項(xiàng)。

3、答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PedenCliffs部分的介紹中“Theyalsousedvaryingradiowave

frequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica'sicesheets.（他們還使用不同的無(wú)線電波

頻率來(lái)測(cè)量南極洲冰蓋的厚度）”可知，IrenePeden能夠測(cè)量出南極洲冰原的厚度。故

選A項(xiàng)。

4、答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TheCommunityCrisisCenterinMiami,Oklahoma,isa

homethatgivesshelterandotherservicestowomenandchildrenwhoaresufferingfrom

domesticabuse.（俄克拉何馬州邁阿密的社區(qū)危機(jī)處理中心為遭受家庭虐待的婦女和兒

童提供住所和其他服務(wù)）”可知，社區(qū)危機(jī)處理中心主要幫助家庭暴力的受害者。故選

C項(xiàng)。

5、答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Seytongottheideafromthecrisiscenterdirectorof

paintingencouragingmessagesonstonesandhidingtheminthelawnofthecrisiscenterfor

thechildrentofind.（Seyton從危機(jī)處理中心主任那里得到了一個(gè)主意，就是在石頭上畫

上鼓勵(lì)性的信息，然后把它們藏在危機(jī)處理中心的草坪上，讓孩子們找到）”可知，

Seyton是通過(guò)向危機(jī)處理中心的孩子們展示石頭上的鼓勵(lì)性的信息來(lái)提供幫助的。故

選D項(xiàng)。

6、答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"SeytonThomasisacollegestudentwithaheartof

giving.（SeytonThomas是一個(gè)有奉獻(xiàn)之心的大學(xué)生）”以及第二段“Duringthepandemic,

SeytonThomasorganizedadiversegroupofyoungpeopletohelpalocalcrisiscenter.（在大

流行病期間，SeytonThomas組織了一個(gè)多元化的年輕人團(tuán)體，來(lái)幫助當(dāng)?shù)氐囊粋€(gè)危機(jī)

處理中心）”可知，SeytonThomas有奉獻(xiàn)之心，并為當(dāng)?shù)氐奈C(jī)處理中心提供幫助，所

以SeytonThomas是心地善良且樂(lè)于助人的。故選B項(xiàng)。

7、答案：A

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Seytongottheideafromthecrisiscenterdirectorof

paintingencouragingmessagesonstonesandhidingtheminthelawnofthecrisiscenterfor

thechildrentofind.（Seyton從危機(jī)處理中心主任那里得到了一?個(gè)主意，就是在石頭上畫

上鼓勵(lì)性的信息，然后把它們藏在危機(jī)處理中心的草坪上，讓孩子們找到）”以及最后

一段“Itseemsthatthedeedisassmallasastone,buttheimpactcanbeaslargeasa

mountain.（這件事情看起來(lái)像石頭一樣小，但影響卻可能像大山一樣大）”可知，本文主

要講述了SeytonThomas使用石頭為危機(jī)處理中心的孩子們提供鼓勵(lì)性的信息，產(chǎn)生

了有益的影響，所以“小石子有大影響”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。

8、答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Itisreportedthatthesenseofsmellplaysadominantrole

inthesocialinteractionsofalllandanimalsexcepthumans.Thenthequestionarises:Isthis

becausehumansdon'tusetheirnosesinsocialsettingsthewayallotherlandanimalsdo?Or

isthisbehaviorcovert,ratherthanovert,inhumans?（據(jù)報(bào)道，嗅覺(jué)在除人類之外的所有陸

地動(dòng)物的社會(huì)互動(dòng)中起著主導(dǎo)作用。那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了：這是因?yàn)槿祟惒幌衿渌懙貏?dòng)物

那樣在社交環(huán)境中使用鼻子嗎？或者人類的這種行為是隱蔽的，而不是公開(kāi)的？廣以

及第二段“Infact,thisisexactlywhatInbalRavreby,agraduatestudentinProf.Noam

Sobel'slaboratoryinWeizmann'sBrainSciencesDepartment,triedtoanswer.（事實(shí)上，這

正是魏茲曼腦科學(xué)系諾姆?索貝爾教授實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究生InbalRavreby試圖回答的問(wèn)題）”

可推知，InbalRavreby想弄清楚的是嗅覺(jué)是否在人類的互動(dòng)中起作用。故選D項(xiàng)。

9、答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Inonesetofexperiments,sheperformedthecomparison

withadeviceknownasanelectronicnose,oreNose,whichassessedthechemicalsignatures

ofthesmells.Intheother,sheaskedvolunteerstosmellthetwogroupsofbodysmell

samplesinordertoassesssimilaritiesmeasuredbyhumanperception.Inbothtypesof

experiments,clickfriendswerefoundtosmellsignificantlymorelikeeachotherthanthe

individualsintherandompairs.（在一組實(shí)驗(yàn)中，她與一種叫做電子鼻或者eNose的電子

設(shè)備進(jìn)行了比較，該設(shè)備評(píng)估了氣味的化學(xué)特征。另一組實(shí)驗(yàn)中，她讓志愿者聞兩組

體味樣本，以評(píng)估人類感知的相似性。在這兩種類型的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，點(diǎn)擊好友的氣味明顯

比隨機(jī)配對(duì)的人更相似）”可知，兩組實(shí)驗(yàn)中，進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，所使用的方式不同。故選

A項(xiàng)。

10、答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Next,toruleoutthepossibilitythatbodysmellsimilarity

wasaconsequenceofclickfriendships,ratherthanacontributingcause,Ravrebyperformed

anadditionalsetofexperiments,inwhichsheusedtheeNoseto“smell“anumberof

volunteerswhowerecompletestrangerstooneanother,andthenaskedthemtoengagein

nonverbalsocialinteractionsinpairs.（接下來(lái)，為了排除身體氣味相似性是點(diǎn)擊友誼的結(jié)

果，而不是促成原因的可能性，Ravreby進(jìn)行了一組額外的實(shí)驗(yàn)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，她使用

eNose來(lái)“聞”一些彼此完全陌生的志愿者，然后讓他們兩人進(jìn)行非言語(yǔ)社交互動(dòng)）”可

知，Ravreby進(jìn)行了一組額外的實(shí)驗(yàn)，讓完全陌生的志愿者參與實(shí)驗(yàn)，是為了排除身體

氣味相似性是點(diǎn)擊友誼的結(jié)果這一可能性，確定發(fā)現(xiàn)的可靠性。故選A項(xiàng)。

11、答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Nevertheless,ourstudy'sresultsdosuggestthatour

noseplaysabiggerrolethanpreviouslythoughtinourchoiceoffriends.（不過(guò)，我們的研究

結(jié)果確實(shí)表明，我們的鼻子在我們選擇朋友時(shí)所起的作用比以前想象的更大）”可推

知，索貝爾肯定了研究的結(jié)果，對(duì)于研究結(jié)果的態(tài)度是贊同的。故選C項(xiàng)。

12、答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Awell-designedwebsiteorappuserinterface（用戶界

面）makestheinformationonthewebsiteorappaccessibletothescreenreader,whichmakes

itaccessibletoblindusers.However,abadlydesignedwebsiteorapplicationwillturnoutto

beinvisibletoascreenreader.（一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)良好的網(wǎng)站或應(yīng)用程序用戶界面可以讓屏幕閱

讀器訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)站或應(yīng)用程序上的信息，這使得盲人用戶也可以訪問(wèn)。然而，一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)糟

糕的網(wǎng)站或應(yīng)用程序?qū)ζ聊婚喿x器來(lái)說(shuō)是不可見(jiàn)的。）”可知，設(shè)計(jì)良好的應(yīng)用程序和

設(shè)計(jì)糟糕的應(yīng)用程序相比較，前者與屏幕閱讀器配合使用效果很好。故選A項(xiàng)。

13、答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Manydesignersfind