2023考研英語(yǔ)二模擬試題及答案

2023考研英語(yǔ)二模擬試題及答案（一）

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenot

onlyhisparentsandhisfriends,_1_thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoamatchmaker.A

youngmancan_2_alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparentsto_3_themarriage

negotiations,ortheyoungman'sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittle

tosayintheselection._4_,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen._5_a

spousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying

_6_agoodfamily.

Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays,_7_by

the1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand

_8_prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,_9_cotton

threadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride'sandgroom'swrists,and_10_acandle

aroundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe_11_.Newlyseds

traditionallymoveinwiththewife'sparentsandmay_12_withthemuptoayear;

_13_theycanbuildanewhousenearby.

Divorceislegalandeasyto_14_,butnotcommon.Divorecedpersonsare_15_with

somedisapproval.Eachspouseretains_16_propertyheorshe_17_intothemarriage,and

jointly-acquiredpropertyis_18_equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagender

prejudice_19_up:Thedivorcedmaledoesn'thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry

_20_thewomanmustwaittenmonths.

1.［A］bywayof［B］onbehalfof［C］aswellas［D］withregardto

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［C］aswellas

［考點(diǎn)分析］邏輯關(guān)系

［選項(xiàng)分析］因?yàn)榭疾檫壿嬯P(guān)系，所以須要我們先對(duì)填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：

空格處身處大環(huán)境notonly…butalso之中，這是一個(gè)明顯的并列關(guān)系，表示“不僅...而

且...”，該空后面的those指代前文出現(xiàn)的“parentsandfriends"，明顯“theyoungman”

與"theyoungwoman"為并列關(guān)系，表示“與他本人以及伴侶的父母摯友相關(guān)”，所以答案

只能是［C］項(xiàng)aswellas也，又。［A］項(xiàng)bywayof通過(guò)，［D］項(xiàng)withregardto關(guān)于，［B］項(xiàng)onbehalf

of代表。

2.［A］adaptto［B］providefor［C］competewith［D］decideon

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［D］decideon

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義

［選項(xiàng)分析］依據(jù)該句的主語(yǔ)ayoungman與賓語(yǔ)alikelyspouse的關(guān)系，答案只能是［D］

項(xiàng)decideon“確定"，表示自己確定自己的配偶。［B］項(xiàng)providefor為...供應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備，

provide為及物動(dòng)詞，干脆跟賓語(yǔ)，不須要加介詞；［C］項(xiàng)competewith"與...競(jìng)爭(zhēng)"，［A］

項(xiàng)adaptto"適用

3.［A］close［B］remew［C］arrange［D］postpone

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［C］arrange

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］該句意思為：他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母婚姻談判。四

個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，［A］項(xiàng)close關(guān)閉；［B］項(xiàng)renew更新，復(fù)原；［D］項(xiàng)postpone推遲；這三項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義

不正確，只有。項(xiàng)arrange“支配”符合語(yǔ)境。

4.［A］Aboveall［B］Intheory［C］Intime［D］Forexample

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［B］Intheory

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義

［選項(xiàng)分析］邏輯推斷題主要是看前后兩句的含義，前面說(shuō)“他可以自己選擇自己中意

的伴侶并讓父母支配婚姻談判，或者完全由父母選擇對(duì)象，不給孩子選擇的機(jī)會(huì)空格后

面說(shuō)“女方可以推翻她父母所選擇的對(duì)象?！边@兩句之間明顯是相反的關(guān)系，且有一個(gè)may,

更證明［B］項(xiàng)Intheory"理論上說(shuō)"的正確性，而其他選項(xiàng)［A］項(xiàng)Aboveall最重要的是，［C］項(xiàng)

Intime準(zhǔn)時(shí)，［D］項(xiàng)Forexample舉例，均不符合題意。

5.［A］Although［B］Lest［C］After［D］Unless

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［C］After

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義

［選項(xiàng)分析］依據(jù)下文“aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatesthe

other-"可知，只有對(duì)象選擇好后，父母才會(huì)去調(diào)查對(duì)方，明顯表達(dá)的是時(shí)間先后依次，

所以只有after才對(duì)。其他選項(xiàng)［A］項(xiàng)Although盡管，［B］項(xiàng)Lest以免,生怕，［D］Unless除

非，否則都不符合題意。

6.［A］into［B］within［C］from［D］through

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［A］into

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及介詞辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］這里主要是看marry與相關(guān)介詞的固定搭配及句意理解。這里marryinto就

是指“通過(guò)婚姻得到［成為］……的一員”，而其他選項(xiàng)均沒(méi)有這層含義。

7.［A］since［B］or［C］but［D］so

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［0but

［考點(diǎn)分析］邏輯關(guān)系

［選項(xiàng)分析］依據(jù)上文“以前婚禮會(huì)持續(xù)三天”，出處句子意為“到了20世紀(jì)80年頭，

婚禮只持續(xù)一天半”，明顯與前文發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變，為對(duì)比關(guān)系，因此選擇［C］項(xiàng)but但是。

8.[A]copy[B]test[C]recite[D]create

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［C］recite

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］空格處須要填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，和后面的prayersofblessing所搭配，［C］項(xiàng)recite有

“吟誦、朗誦”的意思，與所給短語(yǔ)搭配最為合理，譯為“吟誦祝福的祈禱文”。

9.［A］folding［B］piling［C］wrapping［D］tying

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［D］tying

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］本題須要依據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)義分析，空格處須要搭配后文“棉線”，縱觀四個(gè)選

項(xiàng)［A］項(xiàng)折疊，［B］項(xiàng)積累，［CJ項(xiàng)包袱，［D］項(xiàng)系上，依據(jù)后文的"aroundthebride'sand

groom,swrists在新郎和新娘的腰間”，只有［D］項(xiàng)“將在圣水中浸過(guò)的棉線系在新郎

和新娘的腰間”符合句意。

10.［A］passing［B］lighting［C］hiding［D］serving

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［A］passing

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］原文空格須要填寫(xiě)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞與后文“aroundacircle"來(lái)搭配，譯為“將蠟

燭傳一圈”，故［A］項(xiàng)“傳遞”為正確選項(xiàng)。［B］項(xiàng)點(diǎn)亮，。項(xiàng)隱藏，［D］項(xiàng)服務(wù)。

11.［A］meeting［B］collection［C］association［D］union

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［D］union

［考點(diǎn)分析］名詞辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］本句語(yǔ)義為“將蠟燭圍著華蜜完婚和受人敬重的夫妻傳遞一圈來(lái)祝

?！保跠］項(xiàng)結(jié)合，引申為“婚姻”之意；依據(jù)語(yǔ)境，［D］項(xiàng)正確。

12.［A］grow［B］part［C］deal［D］live

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案live

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］本題比較簡(jiǎn)潔。依據(jù)語(yǔ)義“依據(jù)傳統(tǒng)，新婚夫婦要搬到妻子父母家，與父

母―一年"，［D］項(xiàng)“生活”為最佳答案。［C］項(xiàng)交易，［B］項(xiàng)分開(kāi)，［A］項(xiàng)成長(zhǎng)。

13.［A］whereas［B］until［C］if［D］for

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［B］until

［考點(diǎn)分析］時(shí)間邏輯關(guān)系

［選項(xiàng)分析］本句意為“他們?cè)谂赃吔⒁粭澬戮幼?，［A］項(xiàng)然而，⑻項(xiàng)直到，

ID］項(xiàng)因?yàn)?，［C］項(xiàng)假如，結(jié)合前文“新婚夫婦依據(jù)傳統(tǒng)要和女方家人生活一年”，前后存在

確定的時(shí)間關(guān)系，［B］項(xiàng)“直到”最符合原文語(yǔ)境，搭配最為合理。

14.[A]avoid[B]follow[C]challenge[D]obtain

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［D］obtain

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］Divorceislegalandrelativelyeasyto_14_,butnotcommon.該句句意為“離

婚是合法的，且相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)潔J［A］項(xiàng)avoid避開(kāi)，［B］項(xiàng)follow跟隨，［C］項(xiàng)challenge挑戰(zhàn)，

質(zhì)疑，［D］項(xiàng)obtain獲得，實(shí)現(xiàn)。依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)egal”可知這里表達(dá)的是正面的意思，再依

據(jù)句意選擇［D］項(xiàng)。

15.［A］isolated［B］persuaded［C］viewed［D］exposed

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［C］viewed

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］Divorcedpersonsare_15_withsomedisapproval.離婚的人一些不認(rèn)可。

本段第一句提到“離婚是合法的且相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)潔得到批準(zhǔn)，但是不常見(jiàn)J這句其實(shí)是在說(shuō)明離

婚并不常見(jiàn)的緣由，［A］項(xiàng)isolated孤立,［B］項(xiàng)persuaded勸說(shuō),［C］項(xiàng)viewed看待,［D］項(xiàng)exposed

接觸，受到……的影響，。項(xiàng)最符合句意。

16.［A］whereever［B］whatever［C］whenever［D］however

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［B］whatever

［考點(diǎn)分析］關(guān)系代詞辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］Eachspouseretains___16___propertyheorshe_17_intothemarriage.17

小題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是動(dòng)詞，所以該句意思為：夫婦雙方保有財(cái)產(chǎn)，這個(gè)財(cái)產(chǎn)是他或她進(jìn)婚姻的。

結(jié)合［A］項(xiàng)whereever”無(wú)論何地;任何（地方）=anyplacewhere（定從）。［B］項(xiàng)whatever

“無(wú)論什么；任何（東西）=anythingthat/any+Nthat”；［C］項(xiàng)whenever無(wú)論何時(shí)；任何時(shí)

間二anytimewhen；［D］項(xiàng)however無(wú)論如何；無(wú)論多么。依據(jù)語(yǔ)義，這里應(yīng)當(dāng)不是讓步的關(guān)

系，而且填的這個(gè)詞還要能修飾property。因此，選擇［B］項(xiàng)，等于retainsanypropertythathe

orshe。

17.［A］changed［B］brought［C］sloped［D］pushed

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］網(wǎng)brought

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞義辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］Eachspouseretains___16___propertyheorshe_17_intothemarriage,結(jié)

合［A］項(xiàng)changed“變更”，［B］項(xiàng)brought“帶來(lái)”，［C］項(xiàng)shaped"形成"，［D］項(xiàng)pushed”推,

逼迫”。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境只有［B］項(xiàng)符合句意，意為“把財(cái)產(chǎn)帶入婚姻北

18.[A]invested[B]divided[C]donated[D]withdrawn

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［B］divided

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞義辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］…andjointly-acquiredpropertyis_18_equally.結(jié)合［A］項(xiàng)invested投資；［B］

項(xiàng)divided支配；分開(kāi)；［C］項(xiàng)donated捐贈(zèng)；［D］項(xiàng)withdrawn撤出，提取。依據(jù)語(yǔ)義應(yīng)當(dāng)是

共同財(cái)產(chǎn)被（夫妻雙方）平分，因此選擇四項(xiàng)。

19.［A］warms［B］clears［C］shows［D］breaks

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［C］shows

［考點(diǎn)分析］動(dòng)詞固定搭配

［選項(xiàng)分析］Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice_19_up.該句語(yǔ)義為

離過(guò)婚的人或許會(huì)再婚，但是性別偏見(jiàn)。［A］項(xiàng)warmup加熱，熱身；網(wǎng)項(xiàng)clearup（天

氣）變晴，整理，消退；。項(xiàng)showup顯現(xiàn)；［D］項(xiàng)breakup分裂，分開(kāi)；依據(jù)句意，選擇

。項(xiàng)。

20.［A］while［B］sothat［C］once［D］inthat

［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［A］while

［選項(xiàng)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義

［考點(diǎn)分析］本句句意為：離婚的男性再婚不須要等待期，女性必需等十個(gè)月。明顯前

后兩句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，只有［A］項(xiàng)while“然而”能夠表達(dá)這個(gè)意思。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,

B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustry

haslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminary

approvallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.

Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat“inciteexcessivethinness“bypromoting

extremedieting.

Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbe

definedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That,sastart.Andthebanonultra-thin

modelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath-assomehave

done.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,

especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheir

individualworth.

Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnot

letothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlookto

intangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroor

wasp-waistphysiques.

TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculture

thatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashion

modelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000

fineandsixmonthsinprison.

Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornment

andidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingto

setvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressurefor

enforcement.

IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesand

sanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.Thenewlyrevised

DanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:"Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityforthe

impactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople/Thecharter'smain

toolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagen

FashionWeek,whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesona

name-and-shamemethodofcompliance.

Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybe

thebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerial

standardsofaparticularindustry.

21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.

[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.

[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.

[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.

【答案】[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined

【解析】推斷題。依據(jù)France定位到文章前兩段，第一段講法國(guó)確定時(shí)裝業(yè)失去了定

義(define)形體美(physicalbeauty)的確定權(quán)力。法國(guó)的立法者通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)法律，雇用超

瘦的模特屬于犯罪，議會(huì)也禁止網(wǎng)站通過(guò)推崇極端節(jié)食“鼓動(dòng)過(guò)度瘦弱:其次段其次句提

至lj“Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That's

astart.他們建議美麗不應(yīng)當(dāng)以損害身體健康為代價(jià)的外表來(lái)界定」由此可知，法國(guó)通過(guò)立

法手段來(lái)變更法國(guó)時(shí)裝業(yè)模特超瘦的現(xiàn)狀，即[A]項(xiàng)的“形體美將會(huì)被重新定義”，是對(duì)原文

內(nèi)容的合理推斷。[B]項(xiàng)"將會(huì)建立新的舞臺(tái)"，[C]項(xiàng)"有關(guān)節(jié)食的網(wǎng)站將會(huì)興起"，[D]項(xiàng)"時(shí)

裝業(yè)將會(huì)衰退”，均不能從文中推想出來(lái)，屬于“無(wú)中生有二

22.Thephrase“impingingon”(Line2,Para2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]heighteningthevalueof.

[B]indicatingthestateof.

[C]losingfaithin.

[D]doingharmto.

【答案】[D]doingharmto

【解析】猜詞題。定位到其次段其次句“Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooks

thatendupimpingingonhealth.他們建議美麗不應(yīng)當(dāng)以身體健康為代價(jià)的外表來(lái)界

定Jimpingingon后面的賓語(yǔ)為“health”，即對(duì)健康的某種影響。依據(jù)其次段第三句“對(duì)

超瘦模特的禁令似乎不僅僅是在防止模特挨餓致死一一正如曾有人這么做過(guò)的”，可見(jiàn)法國(guó)

目前的對(duì)美麗的定義導(dǎo)致了有人為了保持身材，挨餓致死，因此推想出這一短語(yǔ)在這里的意

思為“侵?jǐn)_，損害"，[D]項(xiàng)“對(duì)……有害”正確。[A]項(xiàng)"增加了……的價(jià)值”，[B]項(xiàng)"反映

了……的狀態(tài)"，[C]項(xiàng)"對(duì)……失去信念”均不符合句意。

23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?

[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.

[B]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.

[C]Modelarenolongerunderpeerpressure.

[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

【答案】[B]NewStandardsarebeingsetinDenmark

【解析】微小環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)第五段其次句話“InDenmark,…itistryingtosetvoluntary

standardsformodelsandfashion...在丹麥，它正嘗試為模特設(shè)定自愿的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)...”，可知[B]

項(xiàng)“在丹麥新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正在被設(shè)定”是對(duì)原文的同義替換。[A]項(xiàng)"法國(guó)的措施失敗了。

項(xiàng)“不再有來(lái)自同行執(zhí)法的壓力。文章第五段其次句后半句提到“imagesthatrelymoreon

peerpressureforenforcement",屬于“正反混淆”；[D]項(xiàng)“它固有的問(wèn)題變得更嚴(yán)峻了”，

文中第五段只提剛好裝業(yè)有固有的問(wèn)題，并未提及“變得更嚴(yán)峻”，屬于“無(wú)中生有二

24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor

[A]settingahighagethresholdformodels.

[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels,character.

[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.

[D]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.

【答案】[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors

【解析】推斷題。題設(shè)為“一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)師很可能因?yàn)槭裁淳売杀籆FW拒絕”，依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞

CFW可回到文中定位至倒數(shù)其次段，該段提到丹麥的時(shí)尚界就有關(guān)模特的年齡、健康及其

他特性的內(nèi)容達(dá)成一樣看法，且一項(xiàng)新法案也明確規(guī)定，他們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到時(shí)尚界對(duì)于人們尤

其是年輕人的身體健康所帶來(lái)的影響，并且應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)此擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任，這一法規(guī)的執(zhí)行方式就是拒

絕一些設(shè)計(jì)師和模特經(jīng)紀(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)參加哥本哈根時(shí)裝周（CFW）。因此[C]項(xiàng)的“不關(guān)切健康因素”

符合題意，為正確答案。[D]項(xiàng)“追求完備的身體狀況”，[B]項(xiàng)的“過(guò)多關(guān)注模特的性格”，

[A]項(xiàng)"設(shè)定了一個(gè)模特高齡門檻”，均不符合題意。

25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

[B]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty

[C]ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance

[D]AChallengetotheFashionlndustry,sBodyIdeals

【答案】[D]AchallengetotheFashionIndustryJsBodyIdeals

【解析】主旨題。本文從首段就起先闡述法國(guó)通過(guò)立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，時(shí)裝業(yè)己

經(jīng)失去了定義女性身體之美的確定權(quán)力，且議會(huì)也禁止網(wǎng)站通過(guò)宣揚(yáng)過(guò)度節(jié)食來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)度消

瘦。其次段接著說(shuō)明美麗不能只看外表，更不能以犧牲健康為代價(jià)，時(shí)裝業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)為傳遞給女

性的不良信息負(fù)責(zé)。第三段說(shuō)明女性不該讓他人來(lái)評(píng)判自己的美麗。第四段講法國(guó)的措施更

多的是依靠嚴(yán)厲的懲處。最終三段提到了丹麥與法國(guó)迥然不同的措施?？v觀全文，文章主要

在講各個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)解決目前模特超瘦的現(xiàn)狀的措施，因此[D]項(xiàng)的“對(duì)時(shí)裝業(yè)身體典范的挑戰(zhàn)”

是對(duì)原文的“高度概括”。

Text2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnow

considerwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthe

phoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethat

upsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsat

thetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnew

andrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia'sadvice.Enoughofthe

implicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdated

guidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia'slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofa

smartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect*s

purse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothrough

thewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone'ssmartphoneis

morelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee'sreadinghistory,

financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.The

developmentof"cloudcomputing,"meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia'sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnology

sometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution'sprotections.OrinKerr;alaw

professor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywith

theestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadto

specifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortout

howtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremeCourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

[A]searchforsuspects*mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

[B]checksuspects*phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

27.Theauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'sargumentisoneof

[A]tolerance.

[B]indifference.

[C]disapproval.

[D]cautiousness.

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone'sphonecontentiscomparableto

[A]gettingintoone'sresidence.

[B]handingone'shistoricalrecords.

[C]scanningone'scorrespondences.

[D]goingthroughone'swallet.

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

[D]citizens'privacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

30.0rinKerr'scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

(B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

(C)California'sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.

T2

26答案Bchecksuspects'phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized

解析：微小環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)自然段定位原則，定位到首段。依據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞supremecourt,

whether精確定位到第一段最終一句whetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobile

phone-.,與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)，即為B在不授權(quán)的狀況下檢查嫌疑人的電話信息。留意A選項(xiàng)

應(yīng)是searchcontentSo

27答案Cdisapproval

解析：看法題。依據(jù)題干California'sargument定位到其次段最終一句及第三段首句，

這些句子中提到hard…recklesslymodest…等負(fù)向詞，表達(dá)的是負(fù)面看法?？催x項(xiàng)屬于負(fù)面

的就是disapproval。A容忍，B冷漠是典型錯(cuò)誤，D馬虎。

28答案Agettingintoone'sresidence

解析：微小環(huán)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)：作者認(rèn)為搜尋電話薄就相當(dāng)于什么？依據(jù)段落界定原則定

位至U第四段轉(zhuǎn)折處，提至I」Butexploringone'ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.

與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，A中的residence對(duì)應(yīng)home,是原文的同意替換。留意D選項(xiàng)不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，

不能將文中人物觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)作作者觀點(diǎn)。

29答案Dcitizens'privacyisnoteffectiveprotected

解析：微小環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)題干定位到5段和6段，題干問(wèn)作者最關(guān)注的是什么，即是相

應(yīng)段落的段落中心。因此，該題表面是微小環(huán)節(jié)題，實(shí)質(zhì)為段落核心。5段首句為中心句提

到，應(yīng)實(shí)行措施愛(ài)惜數(shù)據(jù)隱私；6段又接著陳述原則的不恰當(dāng)之處。依據(jù)這些內(nèi)容，對(duì)應(yīng)答

案D市民隱私未能得到有效愛(ài)惜。

30答案BNewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution

解析：例證題。題干問(wèn)的是引用OrinKerr的目的是什么，即OrinKen?是論據(jù)，其目的

是論點(diǎn)。論點(diǎn)往往在論據(jù)的前面，所以要找例子前面的一句話，即New,disruptivetechnology

sometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution'sprotections.與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，就是B

newtechnology是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，require等同于demands,reinterpretationoftheConstitution同

義替換applicationsoftheConstitution'sprotectionso

Text3

uThereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusinesses,“wroteMiltonFriedman,a

Nobelprize-winningeconomist,“Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedto

increaseitsprofits."ButevenifyouacceptFiredman,spremiseandregardcorporatesocial

responsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders?money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutely

clear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleast

whentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.

ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,

accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesin

threeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa“signal”thatacompany'sproducts

areofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany'sproductsasanindirect

waytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse“haloeffect,“

wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.

PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumers

canbeaffectedbyallthree.Arecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbribery

prosecutionsunderAmerica'sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsince

prosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany,sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbe

influencedonlybythehaloeffect.

Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSR

programmestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatit

wasfirms'politicalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:

Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.

Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonits

merits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany,srecordinCSR."Weestimatethateither

eliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabourorincreasingcorporagiving

byabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentfor

bridingforeignofficials,“saysoneresearcher.

Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinesses

oughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect

ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleast

theyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgood

charactercanwinthemalesscostlypunishment.

31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman'sstatementaboutCSRwith

[A]tolerance

[B]skepticism

[C]uncertainty

[D]approval

【答案】[B]

【解析】觀點(diǎn)看法題。題干問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)有關(guān)CSR方面MiltonFriedman的說(shuō)法是什么

看法。依據(jù)信號(hào)詞MiltonFriedman這個(gè)人定位到首段。留意題干問(wèn)的是作者的看法，因此

定位到其次句but轉(zhuǎn)折處。But后句子的主干為:thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut,可見(jiàn)

作者對(duì)MiltonFriedman所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容并不完全贊同，故選擇答案[B]項(xiàng)懷疑。[A]項(xiàng)容忍，[C]

項(xiàng)不確定，[D]項(xiàng)贊同，這三項(xiàng)均不是作者的看法，故解除。

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby

[A]winningtrustfromconsumers.

[B]guardingitagainstmalpractices.

[C]protectingitfrombeingdefamed.

[D]raisingthequalityofitsproducts.

【答案】[A]

【解析】微小環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)題干中的出處提示“Paragraph2”定位到其次段其次句：This

couldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.This指的是CSR,依據(jù)接下來(lái)講到的三點(diǎn)：第

一點(diǎn)是，消費(fèi)者認(rèn)為這樣的公司產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量比較高；其次點(diǎn)是，顧客更情愿購(gòu)買這樣公司的產(chǎn)

品；第三點(diǎn)是，通過(guò)一個(gè)更為廣泛的“暈輪效應(yīng)”，消費(fèi)者會(huì)更多地考慮這樣的公司的產(chǎn)品。

可知，有CSR支出的公司會(huì)吸引更多的消費(fèi)者，[A]項(xiàng)“贏得消費(fèi)者的信任”，是對(duì)整個(gè)三點(diǎn)

的總結(jié)，故為正確答案。[B]項(xiàng)防止公司里的玩忽耿守，。項(xiàng)愛(ài)惜公司免受毀謗，[D]項(xiàng)提

升公司產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，均在原文中未提及，故解除。

33.Theexpression“morelenient'(Line2,Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]moreeffective

[B]lesscontroversial

[C]lesssevere

[D]morelasting

【答案】[C]

【解析】猜詞題。依據(jù)題干中的出處提示“l(fā)ine2,para.4”及信號(hào)詞"morelenient"定

位到原文中的第四段第一句：明顯此句中修飾

Thestudyfoundthat...penaltiesomorelenient

penalties(懲處)，要想推想出morelenient的含義，須要知道被起訴的公司中，那些有著全

面的CSR項(xiàng)目的公司和penalties之間的聯(lián)系。本項(xiàng)在第五段的最終一句最簡(jiǎn)潔被看出來(lái)，

第五段最終一句提到那些在CSR有較大投資的公司，當(dāng)被起訴有賄賂行為時(shí)，所受到的罰金

要比通常的罰金低40%左右，可知這樣的公司會(huì)受到較輕的懲處，故morelenient是較輕，

即較不嚴(yán)峻的意思，故選[C]項(xiàng)。[A]項(xiàng)更有效的，[B]項(xiàng)較少有爭(zhēng)議的，[D]項(xiàng)更許久的，

這三項(xiàng)均不是morelenient的意思，故解除。

34.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany*sCSRrecord

[A]hasanimpactontheirdecision.

[B]comesacrossasreliableevidence.

[C]increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized.

[D]constitutespartoftheinvestigation.

【答案】[A]

【解析】微小環(huán)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)的是CSRrecord與prosecutorsevaluateacase的關(guān)系，

依據(jù)題干中的信號(hào)詞prosecutorsevaluateacase可回文中定位到第五段第一句：Inall...in

CSRo這里的beinfluenced與[A]項(xiàng)hasanimpact對(duì)應(yīng),即一個(gè)公司的CSR會(huì)影響檢察官對(duì)

其案件的評(píng)估，故選[A]項(xiàng)。網(wǎng)項(xiàng)被檢察官認(rèn)為是牢靠的證據(jù)，。項(xiàng)增加了被懲處的機(jī)會(huì)，

[D]項(xiàng)構(gòu)成了調(diào)查的一部分，這三項(xiàng)均在原文中沒(méi)有提及，故解除。

35.WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelastparagraph?

[A]Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.

[B]Thenecessaryamountofcompanies'spendingonitisunknown.

[C]Companies'financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.

[D]Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.

【答案】[B]

【解析】推斷題題干問(wèn)的是依據(jù)最終一段，有關(guān)CSR的論述哪個(gè)是對(duì)的。定位到原文最

終一段，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容可知“探討人員承認(rèn)到其探討沒(méi)有回答如下問(wèn)題：公司應(yīng)當(dāng)在CSR方面

花費(fèi)多少錢”。［B］項(xiàng)的意思是“公司在CSR方面的花費(fèi)是未知的”，屬于原文的同義替換，

故正確。［A］項(xiàng)CSR對(duì)公司的負(fù)面影響經(jīng)常被忽視，［C］項(xiàng)公司對(duì)CSR的經(jīng)濟(jì)擔(dān)當(dāng)力被過(guò)高

估計(jì)了，［D］項(xiàng)CSR給銀行業(yè)帶來(lái)了許多好處，這三項(xiàng)在文中均為提及，故解除。

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Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch'sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe''unsettlingdearthof

integrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions".Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofa

collectiveacceptancethattheonly"sortingmechanism"insocietyshouldbeprofitandthe

market.But"it'sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit".

Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:"It'sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceof

purpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthe

mostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom."Thissameabsenceofmoralpurposewas

woundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwould

loseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.

Asthehackingtrialconcludes-findingguiltyone