2024版高考英語復習語法：特殊句式課件北師大版

語法專題突破第5講特殊句式英語內容索引情境導入考點解讀技法圖解考點達標檢測情境導入It

wasatmidnightthat①Lucywokeup.Sohungrywasshethat②sherealizedthatshedid③havetogetuptogetsomethingtoeat.Shewenttothekitchen.Therewasacabbage,somehamsandsomeeggsinthefridge.No

soonerhadshetakenoutwhatsheneededthan④sherealizedshehadnoideahowtodealwiththefood.“HadIlearned⑤cookingfrommymother,Iwouldhavebecomeagoodcook,”shesighed.用法感悟1.屬于部分倒裝的有:

2.屬于強調句型的有:

強調謂語動詞的是

②④⑤

①③考點解讀考點1

倒裝1.完全倒裝完全倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結構通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。用法例句以here,there,off,out,in,up,down,away,now,then等開頭,謂語是come,go,be等動詞,且其主語為名詞時,通常使用完全倒裝Here

goesthestory.這個故事是這樣的。Away

flewthebird.那只鳥飛走了。Then

cameanotherquestion.然后又一個問題被提出來了。用法例句表示地點的介詞短語放在句首,構成完全倒裝。此時謂語動詞通常是不及物動詞,且主語為名詞In

the

cottage

livesafamilyofsix.在這間小屋里住著一家六口。On

either

side

of

the

great

avenue

standmanybuildings.這條大街的兩側都聳立著許多大樓。表語(形容詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語、副詞等)置于句首,一般是主語較長或結構較為復雜的句子Gone

arethedayswhenhewaslookeddownupon.他被人瞧不起的日子已經一去不復返了。Standing

around

the

teacher

wereherstudents.老師周圍站著的都是她的學生。2.部分倒裝部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分,如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,置于主語之前。如果句中的謂語部分不含有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,則需添加助動詞do,does或did,并將其置于主語之前。條件例句so+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語,表示“與前面所述的肯定情況相同”Heusedtohavehisfurtherstudyabroad,andso

did

I.他曾去國外深造過,我也去過。neither/nor+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語,表示“與前面所述的否定情況相同”O(jiān)neofmyfriendscannotspeakforeignlanguages,andneither/nor

canhiswife.我的一個朋友不會說外語,他的妻子也不會。條件例句否定副詞或短語置于句首時(否定詞修飾主語除外),句子通常采用部分倒裝。常見的有:not,never,seldom,hardly,little,nowhere,rarely,scarcely,bynomeans,innoway,atnotime,notuntil...,nosooner...(than),hardly...(when),notonly...(butalso)Never

have

my

sistersbeentoHongKongbefore.我的妹妹們以前從未去過香港。Not

until

twelve

o’clock

did

he

gotobedlastnight.他昨晚直到十二點鐘才睡覺。Not

only

was

the

city

polluted,but(also)thestreetswerecrowded.不僅城市被污染,而且街道也很擁擠。Hardly

hadhefinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencestartedcheering.他剛演講完,觀眾便歡呼起來。條件例句表語、謂語動詞、狀語的倒裝:as,though引導的讓步狀語從句,其中表語、狀語、動詞等放在as或though之前Successful

as

he

is,heisnotproud.盡管他取得了成功,但他并不驕傲。Try

as

I

might,Icouldnotliftthestone.盡管我用盡力氣,我還是舉不起這塊石頭。so/such...that...句型中,so/such部分放在句首,該部分須采用部分倒裝So

serious

was

the

situation

thateverybodyfacedatest.形勢如此地嚴峻,每個人都面臨著一場考驗。Such

a

fine

day

is

it

thatwe’dliketoplayoutside.這么好的天氣,我們一起去外面玩吧。條件例句句子以were,had,should開頭,省略if的虛擬條件句Were

I

you,Iwouldgowiththem.我要是你的話,我就跟他們一起去。Should

he

come,say“nobodyin”tohim.萬一他來了,對他說:“里面沒人?！眔nly與副詞、介詞短語及狀語從句連用放在句首時Only

after

being

asked

three

times

did

he

cometothemeeting.叫了三次之后,他才來參加會議。Only

when

he

is

seriously

ill

does

he

ever

stayinbed.只有當病得很重時,他才臥床休息。小題快練

將下列句子變?yōu)榈寡b句1.Shedidn’thavesupperuntilhermotherreturned.→Notuntilhermotherreturned

.2.Ihardlythinkitpossibletofinishthejobbeforedark.→Hardly

.3.Helearnedthesadnewsonlyafterthewar.→Onlyafterthewar

.

4.HespeaksEnglishsoclearlythathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.→Soclearly

.didshehavesupper

doIthinkitpossibletofinishthejobbeforedark

didhelearnthesadnews

doeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood

考點2

強調句型的基本結構類型用法例句陳述句Itis/was+被強調部分+that/who+其他成分.(強調成分:主語、賓語、狀語。被強調部分指人,用who或that皆可;指物,只用that)It

ismymotherwho/thatdoesthecookingeveryday.每天都是我媽媽做飯。(強調主語)It

wasthebeautifulladythat/whoImetinthehotelyesterday.我昨天在旅館里遇到的正是這位漂亮女士。(強調賓語)It

wasinBeijingthatwevisitedtheBird’sNestandWaterCube.正是在北京我們參觀了鳥巢和水立方。(強調地點狀語)類型用法例句一般疑問句Is/Wasit+被強調部分+that/who+其他成分?Is

itin2012thatthe30thOlympicGamesheldinLondon?第30屆奧運會是2012年在倫敦舉行的嗎?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+is/wasit+that+其他成分?Howwas

it

thatyourbrothersucceededinfinishingthedifficulttask?你哥哥是怎樣成功完成了那個困難任務的?not...until...Itis/wasnotuntil+被強調部分that+其他成分.It

was

not

untilIgotoffthebusthatIrealizedit.直到下車后我才意識到它。強調謂語動詞將助動詞do,does或did放在動詞之前Shedoes

likeEnglish.她的確喜歡英語。Do

becarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.過馬路時一定要當心。小題快練

單句語法填空/補全句子1.But

wasnotonlyhersexthatkeptherlongmarginalizedandlongunsung.

2.Itwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhouse

wesawLilyinthepassengerseat.

3.直到午夜,街上的嘈雜聲才停止。

thenoiseofthestreetstopped.

4.你是昨天在大街上碰到你老師的嗎?

thatyoumetyourteacherinthestreet?

5.他上周日的確來看過你,但是你出去了。He

,butyouwereout.

it

that

Itwasnotuntilmidnightthat

Wasityesterday

didcometoseeyoulastSunday

考點3

省略1.狀語從句的省略

用法例句表示條件、時間、地點、方式或讓步等的狀語從句的謂語含有be動詞,且從句的主語又和主句的主語一致,或者主語是it時,常把從句中的主語連同be動詞一起省略If(it

is)necessary,I’llgowithyou.如果有必要的話,我和你一起去。Be

carefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.過馬路時要當心。用so或not代替上文內容,此時可用“if+so/not”省略句式Getupearlytomorrow.If

not(=Ifyoudon’tgetupearly),youwillmissthefirstbus.明天要早起。如果不,你就趕不上首班公共汽車。2.動詞不定式的省略

用法例句感官動詞和使役動詞后面作賓補的不定式要省略to;但被動語態(tài)中的to不可省略Isawhimentertheclassroomjustnow.=Hewasseentoentertheclassroomjustnow.我剛才看見他走進了教室。介詞but,except前有實義動詞do的具體形式時,后面的不定式不帶toAllhecoulddowasnothingbutwaitandsee.他所能做的只有等等看。小題快練

將下列省略句補充完整1.Iftrue,thiswillcauseusalotoftrouble.→

2.Themedicineisquiteeffectiveiftakenintime.→

3.Whilestandingthere,heheardacryforhelp.→

Ifitistrue,thiswillcauseusalotoftrouble.

Themedicineisquiteeffectiveifitistakenintime.

Whilehewasstandingthere,heheardacryforhelp.

技法圖解【例1】

Nextdoortoours

(live)ablackcouple,whoseemtohavesettledinthiscommunityforquitealongtime.

分析:分析句子結構可知,表示地點的介詞短語位于句首,且主語a

black

couple為名詞,所以本句是完全倒裝句;a

black

couple表示復數(shù)概念,再由后面定語從句中謂語動詞seem

to可知主句的時態(tài)也為一般現(xiàn)在時。故填所給詞的原形。【例2】

Weallknowthat,ifnotcarefully

(deal)with,thesituationwillgetworse.

分析:分析句子結構可知,if

not

carefully

(deal)

with為條件狀語從句的省略,動詞短語deal

with與其邏輯主語the

situation之間為被動關系,故填deal的過去分詞形式;補全后為if

it

is

not

carefully

dealt

with。

live

dealt

考點達標檢測Ⅰ.單句語法填空模擬沖關1.Chinesevaccines(疫苗)wereinitiallydismissedinWesternandothermedia.

muchevidencehasbeenaccumulatingforawhilethatthevaccinesfromChinaworkwell,too.

But

考查連詞。句意:但一段時間以來,越來越多的證據(jù)表明,來自中國的疫苗也很有效。根據(jù)上文句意可知,中國疫苗最初在西方和其他媒體上被排斥。由本句中“much

evidence

has

been

accumulating

for

a

while

that

the

vaccines

from

China

work

well,too”可知,上下文為轉折關系,故填But。2.Theresearcheralsothrewlightonthetruththataround50,000microfibers

felloffthesurfaceofjeanswouldfindtheirwayintoourbodieseverytimetheywerecleaned.

that/which

考查定語從句。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞microfibers,且先行詞在從句中作主語,指物,故應用關系代詞that或which引導。故填that/which。3.While

(watch)herbeauty,manyastarfellforher.

watching

考查狀語從句的省略。分析句子可知,此處為省略形式的狀語從句,省略了主語和be動詞,watch與邏輯主語many

a

star之間是主謂關系,故應用現(xiàn)在分詞。4.“Seeingmorewhalesinthisareaisasign

thewatersarecleanerandthere’smorefoodhereforthesewhales,”Brownsays.

that

考查同位語從句。此處為同位語從句,解釋說明sign的內容,從句中不缺少成分,句意完整,應用只起連接作用的that。故填that。5.Theyliveinclosegroups,whichcausedrapidinfectionsamongthem.COVID-19hasthepotentialtowipeoutdifferentkindsofapes

humanbeingsdon’ttakestepstopreventitsspread.

if

考查狀語從句。根據(jù)句意可知,設空處下文是上文的前提條件,故用if引導條件狀語從句。真題演練1.(2022全國甲卷)Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,

losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.

who

考查定語從句。分析該句結構可知,空處引導非限制性定語從句,補充說明先行詞Cao

Shengkang,在從句中作主語,故用who引導該定語從句。2.(2022全國乙卷)The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(發(fā)布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation

culturalexchanges.

and

考查連詞。句意:儀式上發(fā)布的“首屆國際茶日茶路合作倡議”呼吁茶業(yè)人士團結起來,促進國際合作和文化交流。名詞international

cooperation和cultural

exchanges為并列關系,作動詞promote的賓語。故填and。3.(2022新高考全國Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies

livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.

that

考查定語從句。that

live

within

the

Giant

Panda

Range...是關系代詞that引導的定語從句,修飾先行詞species,that在定語從句中作主語。因為先行詞前面有all修飾,所以只能填關系代詞that。4.(2021新高考全國Ⅰ卷)

issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.

What

考查主語從句。分析句子結構可知,空處引導主語從句且在從句中作主語,表示“……的事情”,故填What。5.(2020全國Ⅲ卷)

heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.

When/As

考查狀語從句。這是一個主從復合句,逗號前面是時間狀語從句,應用When或As引導,首字母需大寫。Ⅱ.語法與寫作1.(2022新高考全國Ⅰ卷,讀后續(xù)寫)當奔跑開始時,他回過頭來,自信地向我揮手。(when)2.(2022新高考全國Ⅰ卷,讀后續(xù)寫)讓我欣慰的是,正是通過這次跑步,大衛(wèi)變得更強壯了。(強調句型)Whentherunbegan,helookedbackoverhisshoulderandwavedatmewithconfidence.Tomyrelief,itwasthroughthisrunthatDavidbecamemuchstronger.3.(2021全國乙卷,書面表達)總之,只有成為聰明的在線學習者,我們才能真正享受現(xiàn)代技術的好處。(“only+介詞短語”引起的部分倒裝)4.(2021全國甲卷,書面表達)但那并不是我們的最終決定,所以我給您寫信。(which,why)Insummary,onlybybeingsmartonlinelearnerscanwetrulyenjoythebenefitsofmoderntechnology.Butthat’snotourfinaldecision,whichiswhyI’mwritingtoyou.5.(2020浙江卷,應用文寫作)聽到你請病假回家的消息,我很難過。(同位語從句)Iamsorrytohearthenewsthatyouhavegonebackhomeonsickleave.

Ⅲ.語法填空(并列連詞與三大從句專練)Youhaveprobablydreamedabout1.

youwouldchangetheworld,onlytofind2.

itseemsimpossible.However,youmayhavethepowertomaketheworldbetterwithbabysteps.That’stheideabehindtheBAChallenge,3.

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