高中英語語法-虛擬語氣全總結

虛小錯人用法總輅大會

.虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中

從句主句例句

與現在事實If+主語+助動詞的過去主語+should/would/could/might+IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthe

相反的假設式（were,did,had）動詞原形meeting.

IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizethe

opportunitytogoabroad.

與過去事實If+主語+had+過去分詞主語+should/would/could/mightIfyouhadtakenmyadvice,you

相反的假設+have+過去分詞wouldnothavefailedinthe

exam.

與將來事實①If+主語+動詞過去式主語+should/would/could/might+Ifyoucametomorrow,we

相反的假設②If+主語+wereto+動動詞原形wouldhavethemeeting.

詞原形Ifitweretoraintomorrow,we

③If+主語+should+動wouldputoffthesportsmeeting.

詞原形（注意不能是Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,

would）weshouldputoffthemeeting

tillnextMonday.

二.虛擬語氣在名詞從句中

1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建議、請求、命令、愿望等

動詞或其同根詞引出的名詞從句中，名詞從句虛擬句的謂語變化的形式只有一條規(guī)律一一名詞從句虛

擬句無論其主句的謂語動詞時何種形式，從句的謂語形式均為should+動詞原形，其中should可以省

去。（特別提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）

常見的這類動詞有：ask要求，advise,beg,Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavethe

suggest建議，command命令，demand要求，classroom.老師建議我們不要離開教室。

request請求，insist,require要求，order下令，Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他堅持她馬上就做。

propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer寧愿，

permit,persuade,expect,decide決定，instruct,

object,determine,urge,appoint等等

ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsmoking.醫(yī)

在Itis/was+上述動詞的-ed形式+that從句中生建議我戒煙。

當上述動詞以其名詞形式出現，并且被用作主Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setouttomorrowmorning.

語，引導一個表語從句或者同位語從句時我建議我們明早動身。

Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)putoff

在Itis/wasnecessary,important等形容詞+thatItisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthemeeting.你有必要參

從句中，常見的這類形容詞有:necessary,加會議。

important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你必須按時到達

desirable,natural,strange,imperative等那兒。

在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that從句中Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.

Itisnowonderhebelateforclass.

三.虛擬語氣的其他用法

對現在的虛擬，從句的謂語動詞用過去時IwishIwerealittleyounger.

在wish后面的對過去的虛擬，從句的謂語用過去完成時IwishIhadbeenthere.

賓語從句中(haddone)或“would/could+現在完成時”IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.

對將來的虛擬，從句的謂語用Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.

“would/could+動詞原形”

表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”用法和Ifonlytherainwouldstop.（將來）

在ifonly感嘆wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更強烈IfonlyIweretaller.（現在）

句中的感情色彩。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!（過去）

表示與現在事實相反或對現在情況有所Ireallydon'tlikethewayyouarespeakingto

懷疑，謂語用過去時me.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.

表示與過去事實相反，謂語用過去完成時Hekepttellinguswhathadhappenedasifhe

hadbeentherehimself.

在asif7as有時也用陳述語氣，這時表示較大的真實Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksasifit'sgoingto

though引導的性或可能性rain.

從句中ItseemsasifhehadbeentoAmerica.

wouldratherdosth.表示將來或現在的事Iwouldrathergotheretomorrow.

件，“主語寧愿自己做某事”Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.

wouldratherhavedonesth.表示過去的事Shewouldrathernothavegonetotheparty.

件，“主語寧愿自己過去做了某事，但實

際上沒有做”

wouldrathersb.Did表示的是將來或現在Don'tcometomorrow.I'dratheryoucame

在wouldrather的事件，“主語寧愿讓另外一個人做某事”nextweekend.

結構中wouldrathersb.haddone表示過去的事Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebook

件，“主語寧愿別人過去做了某事，但實yesterday.

際上沒有做”

在Itis（about,從句中用過去時，表示早該做而未做的Itishightimethatwebegantowork.

high）事，并含有建議的意味。

time+（that）從

句中

錯綜時間條件如果條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwould

句示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為liegecollegestudentnow.

錯綜時間條件句，動詞的形式要根據它表

示的時間作出相應的調整。如：

IF省略句在條件句中可以省略if,把were,had,IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudy

should提到句首，變成倒裝句式一WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudy

ouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavecaught

一Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhave

thebus.

tshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgo

g.fShoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnot

bing.

虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中

1.一Ifthetraffichadn'tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o'clock.

—Whatapity!Tinaheretoseeyou.（2005湖南）

A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen

2.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifIinlove,attheageofseven,withthe

MelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.（2002上海）

A.wouldn'thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall

3.Hehesitated（猶豫）foramomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwiseheagoal.（2001上海春）

A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored

4.Youdidn'tletmedrive.Ifweinturn,yousotired.（NMET96）

A.drove;didn'tgetB.drove;wouldn'tget

C.weredriving;wouldn'tgetD.haddriven;wouldn'thavegot

5.1didn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother.（1994全國）

A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

6.Ifhe,hethatfood.

------Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.（MET93）

A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken

C.wouldbewarned;wouldnothavetakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken

7.Ifitforthesnow,wethemountainyesterday.（MET91）

A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldclimb

C.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb

8.Withoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifferenttoday.（MET91）

A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe

11.--Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.

---1it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.（福建34'）

A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended

12.1throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.（陜西22'）

A.couldn'thavegoneB.didn'tgoC.wouldn'tgoD.hadn'tgone

13.1soonerbutIdidn'tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.（天津15'）

A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome

14.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIfullyoccupiedthe

wholeoflastweek.

A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was

16.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamounttimeandenergyL（2010浙江）

A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved

17.——Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.

——Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!AndmyvegetablesL

（2010北京）

A.wouldn'tdieB.didn'tdieC.hadn'tdiedD.wouldn'thavedied

18.Ifwetheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.（2010湖南）

A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow

20.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatour

expense.（09天津15）A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might

21.Didyougotohisweddingceremonyyesterday?-------No.ButIwouldifIhadbeenfree.（改錯）

二.虛擬語氣在名詞從句中

1.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner'sgoingtobecompletelyruined.

一Iwishtheyalwayslate.（北京28'）

A.weren'tB.hadn'tbeenC.wouldn'tbeD.wouldn'thavebeen

2.intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.（05上

海）

A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires

3.-------Don*tyouthinkitnecessarythathetoMiamibuttoNewYork?

------Iagree,buttheproblemishehasrefusedto.（2005江蘇）

A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what

4.①Thechairmansuggestedthatthemeeting（putoff）untilthenextweek.

②Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathe（be）angrywithwhatyoudid.

5.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon'tthinkweitwithoutyou.（08山東）

A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged

6.Thedoctorrecommendedthatyouswimaftereatingalargemeal.

A.wouldn'tB.couldn'tC.needn,tD.shouldn't（09浙江13）

7.①Themaninprisoninsistedthathenothingwrongandsetfree.

A.haddone,shouldbeB.shoulddo,shouldbeC.haddone,hadbeenD.shoulddo,hadb

een

②Thepatientinsistedthatheillandtothehospital.

A.wasn't,wasn'tsentB.wasn't,shouldn'tbesent

C.shouldn'tbe,wasn'tsentD.shouldn'tbe,shouldn'tbesent

8.Theworkersdemandedthattheirwagesby20percent.

A.raisedB.raiseC.shouldhavebeenraisedD.beraised

9.Atthemeetingeverybodywasagainsthissuggestionthatanewbridgeovertheriver.

A.bebuiltB.mustbebuiltC.wastobebuiltD.hadtobebuilt

10.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagerthatradiosafter11o?clockatnight.

A.werenotplayedB.notbeplayedC.nottoplayD.didnotplay

11.Itisessential（必要的，重要的）thatthebooksyouborrowedfromthelibrarybackbeforethe

deadline（截止日期）.

A.besentB.wouldbesentC.weresentD.mustbesent

三.虛擬語氣的其他用法

1.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyIyouradvice.

A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed

2.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight,toocoldforustolive.（97上海）

A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreeze

coldly

3.Itisnecessarythedictionaryimmediately.

A.thathewillreturnB.thathereturnedC.thathereturnD.thathehastoreturn

4.It'salreadyfiveo'clocknow.Doyouthinkit'sabouttime?

A.wearegoinghomeB.wegohomeC.wewenthomeD.wecangohome

5.Itashightimeyouthatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld

A.realizedB.haverealizedC.realizeD.shouldberealizing

6.Youdon'thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryouonbusinessfirst.

A.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone

7.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhemoreonitsculture.

A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused（2010江蘇）

8.1havewatchedthatmovie------