老高考適用2023高考英語一輪總復(fù)習第一編教材知識 Unit21HumanBiology北師大版

Unit21HumanBiology

晨起第一事背誦經(jīng)典句

1.Usingaformulabasedonthebody,snaturalrhythms,theSleepCalculator

willworkoutthebesttimeforyoutoriseorgotosleep.

睡眠計算器根據(jù)人體生物鐘，運用公式計算出你起床或入睡的最佳時間。

2.Apartfromourbrainhavingmemory,cellsinourbody,inbillions,havetheir

ownmemory.

除了我們的大腦有記憶外，我們身體中數(shù)十億個細胞也有記憶。

3.IdohopesobecauseIwantyoutoliveaslongandhealthyalifeasIhave.

我的確希望這樣，因為我想讓你過上和我一樣長壽而健康的生活。

4.Thesoftwarecanbothenhancetraditionalmedicalcareandsupportpatients

whenaccesstohealthcareislimited.

這種軟件可以加強傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)療，也可以在醫(yī)療服務(wù)受限的情況下給予患者支持。

Tl壬排杳夯屏固不I

O重點單詞

I核心單詞

(Dabuse(卜力)濫用

(2)toleratekvt.)容忍fIolerance(〃.)忍受，容忍—Io1erant(adj.)容忍的，寬

容的

(3)doubtful(d4/.)懷疑的，不肯定的fdoubt(〃.)懷疑(匕)懷疑，不確信

(4)seek(vt.)尋找fsought(過去式)fsought(過去分詞)fseeker(〃.)尋找者；

探求者

(5)oppose{vt.)反對fopposed(adj.)反對的，相反的fopposition(/?.)反方，對

立面一opposite{adj.)相反的；對面的

(6)violate(vt.)違反，違背fviolation(〃.)違反fviolent(adj.)猛烈的

-*violence(/?.)暴力

(7)cater(￠.)滿足；迎合

(8)postpone(vt.)推遲；延期

(9)prohibit(vt.)禁止fprohibition(〃.)禁止

(10)foresee(vt.)預(yù)見

(IDunderline{vt.)表明重要性；強調(diào)

(12)thorough(adj.)徹底的;細致的

(13)rob(vt.)使喪失；搶劫frobber(/7.)強盜，搶劫者frobbery(〃.)搶劫

(14)terminal{adj.)致命的；晚期的

(15)decline(vi.)下降

(16)UnConditiOlaIIy(adv.)無條件地fconditionaIIy{adv.)(反義詞)有條件地

(17)equip(vt.)使有準備；裝備fequipment(〃.)設(shè)備；裝備

(18)fortune(/7.)大筆錢財；巨款ffortunate{adj.)幸運的ffortunately{adv.)

幸運地

(19)deadline3)截止日期；最后日期

(20)submit{vt.)提交fsubmission(/?.)提交

(21)concern(〃.)擔心；憂慮一concerned(adj.)關(guān)心的fconcerning{prep.)關(guān)于；

有關(guān)

(22)extension(〃.)延期，延長，延伸

II閱讀單詞

(l)circulate(vi,&vt.)循環(huán)；傳播；散布fcircle(〃.)圓，環(huán)fcircular(adj.)

圓形的，循環(huán)的fcirculation(〃.)流通；血液循環(huán)

(2)digest(κt.?vL)消化；理解，領(lǐng)悟(〃.)摘要，文摘

(3)swap(v.)交換

(4)supreme〈adj.)最高的，極度的

(5)fundamental{adj.)根本的，基本的ffundament(〃.)基礎(chǔ)

(6)lame(adj.)站不住腳的，不易令人相信的

(7)compulsory{adj.)強制性的，義務(wù)的

(8)threat(〃.)威脅fthreaten(vt.)威脅

(9)privileged(adj.)榮幸的

(10)ample{adj.)充足的；充裕的

(11)treat{vt.)款待

(12)acute{adj.)嚴重的；劇烈的

(13)mourn(K)感到悲痛；表示哀悼

(14)contradict(vt.)與(其他事物)相矛盾fcontradictory{adj.)矛盾的，對立的

(15)tentatively{adv.)不完全地

(16)temporary(adj.)臨時的；短暫的

(17)vote(vt.)表決；投票

(18)sceptical{adj.)懷疑的

(19)circumstance(，.)情形；情況

(20)absurd(adj.)不合理的；荒謬的

B*語境活用［單句語法填空］

1.Bobcheckedtheequipment(thorough),onlytofindthepowerwasnot

set.

答案：thoroughly

2.Inordertoreduceairpollution,manypeoplewantatotal(prohibit)

onlightingfirecrackers(鞭炮)inmanycitiesduringtheSpringFestival.

答案：prohibition

3.StudentsarenotrequiredtotaketheTOEFLortheIELTStestbutwewelcome

the(submit)ofyourscoreifyouhavetakeneither.

答案：submission

4.Thespeechhemade(concern)thefootballmatchboredalotoffans

todeath.

答案：concerning

5.Theresearchlacksevidence,andtherefore,itsconclusionsare

(doubt).

答案：doubtful

6.Iam(privilege)toknowyou.

答案：privileged

7.Heisa(controversy)figureintheartworld.

答案：controversial

8.Theyare(oppose)tobuildingthehighway.

答案：opposed

9.Hismindstillseemedclearandhis(hear)wasexcellent.

答案：hearing

10.Thevolunteerskepttheirhandsinhotwateruntiltheycouldnolonger

(tolerant)thepain.

答案：tolerate

O聯(lián)想積累

后綴?sion構(gòu)成的名詞一覽

①extension延期

②COnfUSiOn混亂

③decision決定

④impressionEll象

⑤admission允許進入，錄取

?aggression進攻

⑦expansion擴張

?obsession入迷

⑨ProfeSSiOn職業(yè)

⑩mission使命，任務(wù)

@discussion討論

?possession擁有

?重點短語

1.invain徒勞，白費力氣

2.atrandom隨便地，隨意地

3.atallcosts不惜一切代價，無論如何

4.straightaway立刻；馬上

5.wipeout徹底毀滅

6.StOPSthinitstracks終止；消滅

7.atanyrate無論如何；至少

8.PUtOff推遲，延遲

9.getthrough通過（考試等）；完成

10.missOUt遺漏，遺忘；錯過（機會）

β*語境活用［單句寫作］

1.FloydLandismadeseverallameexcusesblamingmedicinehehadbeentakingfor

aninjury,butthesewereall（徒勞地）.

答案：invain

2.Iamappointedtointerviewpeople（隨意地）tolearnaboutthe

customers,feedbackonourproducts.

答案：atrandom

3.It,sobviouslynoturgent,orelsetheywouldhavecalledus（立

亥∣J）?

答案：straightaway

4.Therearestillmanypeoplesufferingalot,andwearetodosomethingto

（消滅）poverty.

答案：wipeout

5.Unluckily,theman（被搶走）hiscarandcellphone.

答案：wasrobbedof

6.Hewillkeephispromise（無論如何）?

答案：atanyrate

7.Atthesametime,Iwillnotforgetto(復(fù)習)mylessons.

答案：goover

8.Ifyoudon,tcallthemanrightaway,you,regoingto(錯過)the

opportunity.

答案：missouton

9.Theunderseacablewasbroken;Icouldn,t(接通)toParis.

答案：getthrough

10.Thenoisemadeithardformeto(集中)mywork.

答案：focus/concentrateon

N聯(lián)想積累

1.表達“決不”的短語

φin∕undernocircumstances

②bynomeans

(3)onnoaccount

(4)innoway

⑤innocase

(6)innosense

?innoshape

@onnocondition

(9)onnoconsideration

⑩atnotime

2.“in”短語請進

①invain徒然；枉費心機；徒勞；白費力氣

②inplace在合適的地方

③insight在視野內(nèi)；被看到

④ineffect有效地

⑤inadvance提前

@inruins成為廢墟

⑦inbrief簡言之

⑧indespair失望

⑨inrags衣衫襤褸

⑩incharge負責，主管

3.“動詞+out”的短語一覽

①wipeout徹底摧毀；消滅

②breakout爆發(fā)

③bringout使顯現(xiàn)；生產(chǎn)

?carryout貫徹；執(zhí)行

⑤COnIeout出版

@dieout滅絕

⑦figureout計算出；解決；理解；明白

⑧IeaV6out遺漏；省略

⑨makeOUt聽出，看出

⑩takeout取出

?）ickout挑出

??ointout指出

?X）Urout傾訴

?bullOUt駛出

?）utout撲滅

?）uzzleout仔細考慮解決（難題等）

?reachout伸出

@turnOUt結(jié)果是，原來是

?VatChout小心，提防

頷Unout用完，耗盡

?rushout趕制（新產(chǎn)品）

?workOUt算出，制定出

?seekout搜尋到；找出

?sendOUt發(fā)出，派出

?wearout穿破；使精疲力竭

?shoutout突然大聲地說

@sitout不參加，不參與

?smellout嗅出，聞到，察覺到

?speakout（尤指不顧危險）公開反對

頌SPreadoUt伸展，延長；鋪設(shè)

?standOUt突出，顯眼

?startout出發(fā)，動身

?stickOUt伸出來,堅持到底

?talkout把...說透

?thinkOUt仔細考慮；盤算

?throwout扔掉;開除

?tireout使精疲力竭

?tryout試驗，測試

0常用句式

課文原句句式梳理仿寫訓練

1.Unfortunately,itisnot

Theteacher_______________

easytocatchathletescatchSbdoingsth"撞見

intheexam.

usingillegaldrugs.某人正在做某事/抓住某人在

老師發(fā)現(xiàn)那個男孩在考試中

不幸的是，查出運動員服用違做某事”

作弊。

禁藥物并不容易。(PM)

2.However,thisisthe

firsttimeI,vebrokenmyThisisthefirsttime

leg.(that)...“這是第一Ihavebeenawayfromhome.

然而，這是我第一次斷腿。次……”為固定句式這是我第一次離家。

(Pw)

答案：1.caughttheboycheating2.Thisisthefirsttime(that)

一擊重點突破Mrl

ZZ單詞謫津/Z

①tolerateVt.忍受；容忍(不同意或者不喜歡的事物)；(對藥物)有耐受性：能經(jīng)

受(困難條件)(PM)

易先練

(1)單句語法填空

(T)Physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtooharmfulto

(tolerate).

②Ica∏,ttolerateyour(speak)toyourmotherinsucharudemanner.

③Theapartmentisreallytoosmall,butit's(tolerate)forthetime

being.

答案：①betolerated②SPeaking③tolerable

(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換

Ican,ttolerateanymoreexcuse.

—Ican,tbeanymoreexcuse.

答案：tolerantof/towards

總后講

(1)toleratedoingsth容忍/容許做某事

toleratesb∕sb,sdoingsth容許/忍受某人做某事

(2)tolerantadj.寬容的；容忍的

betolerantof/towards對...寬容

(3)tolerableadj.可容忍的，可忍受的

tolerancen.寬容；忍耐力

特別提醒

表示"容忍"的詞匯還有bear/stand/putupwith,常與

won,t∕wouldn,t∕can,t∕could∏,t連用。

②seek(sought,sought)vt.&vi.試圖，設(shè)法；尋找，尋求；探索；請求(P34)

?先練

(1)單句語法填空

φHeseeks(be)electedtothepositionofthegovernment.

(2)Thetouristssoughtashadyspotwheretheysatdownandrested.

(3)Youshouldseekadviceyourlawyeronthismatter.

?Thousandsofpeoplecrossedtheborder,(seek)refugefromthewar.

答案：①tobe②OUt③from?seeking

(2)單句改錯

Theyoungwriterseekstowritingabookwhichwillbewelcomedbythereaders.

答案：writing-*write

■后講

(Dseek(for)sth/sb尋找/追求某物/某人

seeksthfromsb向某人請求/尋求某事

seektodosth嘗試/試圖做某事

seekout挑選出；物色；找出

seekone,sfortune外出闖世界；尋找成功致富的機會

(2)seekern.探索者，尋求者

特別提醒

(1)seek的過去式和過去分詞均為soughto

(2)Seek后可接不定式作賓語，但不可接動名詞。

③opposevt.反對，抵制(PM)

工先練

單句語法填空

①Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedto(feed)ababyregularly.

(2)Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency,whilebadonesbringthe

(oppose).

?Motherstronglyopposedmy(travel)onmyownthissummervacation.

④一Sam,canyoutellmewhatIRLmeans?

-Itmeans“inreallife",as(oppose)totalkingwithsomeoneon

theInternetoroverthephone.

答案：①feeding②C)PPOSite③traveling?opposed

「后講

1opposedoingsth?

λ.k1反對(做)某事

beopposedtodoingsth

asopposedto(表示對比)而，相對于

(2)oppositeprep.在...的對面adj,對立的，相反的

(3)oppositionn,反對,抵抗

④contradictvi.&vt.反駁，駁斥；與...相矛盾,相反(PM)

f先練

⑴單句語法填空

①It'sunwise(contradict)yourboss.

②Wearefacedwithtwo(contradict)statements.

③YOUclearlycontradicted(you)withyoursecondstatement.

答案：①tocontradict②COntradiCtOry③yourself

⑵句型轉(zhuǎn)換

Whatshesaidcontradictedherrealactions.

-*Whatshesaidherrealactions.

答案：wasincontradictionto

工后講

(1)contradictoneself自相矛盾

(2)contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的，對立的，不一致的

(3)bein(direct)contradictionto與...相矛盾/對立

⑤postponevt.推遲，延期(P37)

「先練

(1)單句語法填空

①OUrmanagerdecidedtopostponehisvacationnextmonth.

②Bypostponing(make)adecision,wegetmoreinformationaboutthe

project.

(3)Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthatthemeetingwould

(postpone).

答案：①UntiI/to②making③bepostponed

(2)單句改錯

Hedecidedtopostponedeliverthelecture,owingtohisbadhealth.

答案：deliver-*deIivering

〈后講

postponesthto/until...把某事推遲到....

postponedoingsth耽擱/推遲做某事

特別提醒

表示“推遲，延期”的詞或短語還有delay,putoff,holdUP等。

⑥prohibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止，阻止(Pse)

丁先練

單句語法填空

φTheyareprohibitedfrom(reveal)detailsaboutthecandidates.

②Weprohibit(smoke)intheofficeduringworkinghours.

③SmOking(prohibit)inpublicplaces.

答案：①revealing②SmOking③isprohibited

■后講

(Dprohibit(doing)sth禁止(做)某事

prohibitsbfromdoingsth禁止某人做某事

(2)prohibitionn.禁止，阻止，禁令

aprohibitionon/against...的禁令

特別提醒

prohibit表示制定正式規(guī)章進行“禁止”，并有強制執(zhí)行的意思。表示“禁止/阻止某

人做某事”的表達方式：discouragesbfromdoingsth,bansbfromdoingsth,prevent

sbfromdoingsth,keepsbfromdoingsth,forbidsbfromdoingsth,stopsbfrom

doingstho

⑦declinen.衰落，衰敗；減少；下降vi.&vt.衰落，衰退；下降；婉言謝絕(P40)

■先練

(1)寫出下列句中decline的漢語意思

φChimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren.

②Oilproductionhasalreadypeakedandisonthedeclineinabout50nations.

(3)Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.

?Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbegintodeclinefromtheage

of27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.

答案：①拒絕②下降③下降④衰退

(2)單句語法填空

①ThepriceoftheTVsetdeclined$1,400$900each.

②It'ssaidthatmisbehaviorbytopofficialsisthedecline.

答案：①from;to②On

■后講

(1)fallinto(a)decline開始衰退

indecline/onthedecline走下坡路；衰退中；在減少

declinein/ofsth在某個方面減少/下降

(2)declinetodosth拒絕做某事

declineto減少到

declineby減少了

“增加”與“減少”

Iieconiemorel>ecomeless

形象g?upgodown

increasedecrease

記憶risefall

climbdrop

expand(Ifdiiie

⑧equipvt,裝備，配備；(常用被動語態(tài))使具備；使勝任(PG

通先練

(1)單句語法填空

①Weaimtoequipyounggraduatesacompetitivebusinessenvironment.

②(equip)withanewtypeofmachine,theexplorerswentintoacave,

hopingtofindsomeburiedtreasure.

?Pleaseequipyourselfasharppencilandarubberfortheexam.

?Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessary(equip)withyou,since

it,sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.

答案：①for②EqUiPPed③With?equipment

(2)單句改錯

Ourschoolhasbeengivensomenewequipments.

答案：equipments-*equipment

案后講

(1)equip...forsth為某事而準備/裝備...

equipSbtodosth使某人能夠做某事

equip...with...用……裝備/配備……；使……具有(學問、能力等)

(be)equippedwith...裝備/配備有...；擁有....

(2)equipmentn.設(shè)備,裝備

apieceofequipment一件裝備

⑨fortunen.[C]大筆的錢，財富；命運，前途

[U]運氣(PG

■先練

(1)寫出下列句中fortune的漢語意思

?Europeansseeapiggybankasasignofgoodfortuneandwealth.

?ReallycentralhotelsincitiessuchasLondon,EdinburghandCardiffcancost

afortune,especiallyatweekendsandduringbigevents.

③Whatcanhelpyoumakeafortuneinthefuture?

答案：①運氣②大筆的錢③財富

(2)單句語法填空

φlle,s(fortune)inhavingsuchgoodfriends.

②(fortune),thefirewasdiscoveredsoonafterithadstarted.

(3)Heisfortunate(be)abletoworkinLondon.

答案：①fortunate②FOrtUnately③tobe

■后講

(l)makea∕one,sfortune發(fā)財

seekafortune尋出路

tryone,sfortune碰運氣

tellone,sfortune算命

(2)fortunateadj.幸運的

befortunateindoingsth有幸做某事

befortunatetodosth有幸做某事

(3)fortunately=luckilyadv,幸運地

Unfortunately=Unluckilyadv.不幸地

〃短語久撥〃

①invain徒然；白費力氣；徒勞(PM)

，先練

單句寫作

①ASaninexperiencedteacher,Itriedeverymeanstogetthemtobequiet,but

(白費力氣)?

②Moneyandeducation,however,changehim,andbeforelonghe

(變得虛榮)andashamedofhisbackground.

③He（徒勞的嘗試）toreachthesummitofthemountain.

④We（枉費心機地試圖）makehimchangehismind.

答案：@invain?becomesvain③madeavainattempt?triedinvainto

■后講

vainadj.徒勞的；枉然的；無結(jié)果的；虛榮的

tryinvaintodosth枉費心機地試圖做某事

makeavainattempt/effort徒勞的嘗試/努力

②atallcosts=atanycost不管多大代價，無論如何（P%）

曷先練

單句寫作

①“Aslongasthereisaglimmerofhopewedoit（不惜一切代

價），\"ZhongNanshansaid.

（2）Hesavedhissonfromdrowningbutonly（以...為代價）hisown

life.

③TOtellyouthetruth,Isoldyouthiscoat（按成本價）?

答案：@atallcosts/atanycost②atthecost/expenseof③atcost

量后講

atthecost/expenseof以...為代價

atacostof以...的價格

atcost按成本價

atalow/highcost低/高成本地

③wipeout徹底毀滅，全部摧毀（P38）

『先練

單句語法填空

①A0.9-meterrisewouldwipetheirhabitatcompletely.

（2）Hewipedthedirtthetablewithasponge.

③Shewassniffingandwipinghereyesatissue.

答案：①OUt②Off③With

■后講

wipe...from/off...把...從....擦掉

wipe.?.away/off擦掉...；抹掉....

wipe...with...用...擦...

〃句型與語法〃

①［教材原句］Manycontemporaryamateurathleteswouldhavebrokenworld

recordsiftheyhadtakenpartinthefirstOlympicGames.

假如許多當代業(yè)余選手參加了第一屆奧運會的話，他們就會打破世界紀錄。(P34)

事先練

單句語法填空

?Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmore

kilometers.

②Ifwe(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholiday

onthebeachnow.

(3)1reallyappreciateyourhelp,otherwise,I(notbe)abletosellthis

houseinsuchashortperiod.

(4)itbefinetomorrow,wewouldgooutforahiking.

答案：①haddriven②hadcaught③WOUIdn'thavebeen?Should

P后講

與現(xiàn)在事實相反

if引導的［與過去事實相反

虛擬條件句I與將來事實相反

條

件句主、從句的謂語動詞指不同的時

和

混合間，這時需要用混合虛擬語氣，

條

件句-混合虛擬條件句

有時也稱為錯綜條件虛擬語氣

此種情況下,需根據(jù)實際情況作

出調(diào)整

.虛擬條件句的特殊用法

②［教材原句］Unlesswearecareful,“gene-therapy”willbethenextbig

threat.

如果我們不注意，“基因療法”將會成為下一個重大威脅。(P34)

，先練

(1)單句語法填空

?Relationshipcanbehealthywenevercrossthewallsofrespect.

②someextramoneyisfound,thecinemawillclose.

答案：①if②UnIeSS

⑵單句改錯

Iwillnotgoabroadunlesssomeonepaidmyexpenses.

答案：PaidfPayS

工后講

UnIeSS意為“如果不，除非”，引導條件狀語從句。

(DUnleSS與if.??not都可以譯作“如果不……”，常?？梢酝ㄓ茫玌nIeSS語氣

更強；另外，它不能用于虛擬語氣，而后者可以。

(2)當UnIeSS引出分詞短語時,不能用if.?.not來替換。

(3)［教材原句］Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeable

todothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.

將來,改變了基因的運動員有可能創(chuàng)下8秒百米紀錄或不到兩個小時的馬拉松紀錄。(P34)

■先練

(1)單句語法填空

φTheteacherhashisstudents(read)Englisheverymorning.

②Shehadthelight(burn)allnight.

③Hehadhisleg(injure)intheaccident.

(4)Wehaveeveryreason(think)therearelivingcreatureslikeusin

theuniverse.

答案：①read②burning③injured(4)tothink

(2)單句寫作

φYoushouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow;you,veoften

enough.

到現(xiàn)在你應(yīng)該理解這條交通規(guī)則了，已經(jīng)給你解釋得夠多了。

②Thebossoftenfor10hoursaday.

老板經(jīng)常讓他們一天工作10小時。

答案：①haditexplained②hasthemwork

■后講

“have+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)

(1)have+賓語+dosth讓某人做某事

(2)have+賓語+doingsth讓某人或某物持續(xù)做某事

(3)have∕get+賓語+done讓某事被做/請別人做某事/遭遇某事

特別提醒

(Dhavesthtodo表示“有某事要做"，不定式作定語

(2)havesbdosth=let∕makeSbdosth=get∕causesbtodosth讓某人做某事

④［教材原句］Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeable

todothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.

將來,改變了基因的運動員有可能創(chuàng)下8秒百米紀錄或不到兩個小時的馬拉松紀錄。(P34)

■先練

單句語法填空

①Intoday,Sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblems

foracompany.

②Myroomisamess,butIcleanitbefore1goouttonight.Icando

itinthemorning.

?Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthe

topshelf.

?Someone(leave)thetapon,forthewaterwasrunningoverand

floodingthebathroom.

答案：①Can②needn't③Can④musthaveleft

喙后講

表示推測

常見用法

｛表示義務(wù)、責任、必要性

ShaiLshould,will,would,InlML<,<>u∣<∣.

（情態(tài)動詞）特殊用法beableto

?？季湫?/p>

情態(tài)動詞+h;iV”done

課如!練萬華運川I

根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

TheOlympicspirithasbeenviolatedbythedesire］(succeed)atallcosts.

Nowrecordshavefallenintrackandfieldduetobetter2(equip),trainingand

dietsincethefirstOlympicGames.Butwecome3theissueof

performance-enhancingdrugs,whichisknown4doping.Someathleteswhoabuse

thedrugsriskfacingserioushealthproblemsin5(late)life.Theyseekto

achievebeyondtheir6(nature)limits.7iscompulsoryforwinnerstobe

testedbutother8(participate)areonlytestedatrandom.What,sworse,

agene-therapy,,willbethenextbigthreat.Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheir

genes9(change)mightbeabletodobetterthantheyshouldbe.Soif10

(dope)andgene-therapycontinuetoaffecttheoutcomesofmajorsportingevents,

theword"hero”willhavelostallmeaning.

1._____2.______3.____—4._

5._____6.______7.____—8._

9._____10._

答案：1.tosucceed2.equipment3.across

5.later6.natural7.It8.participants9.changed

10.doping

1?礎(chǔ)達標訂至訓練I

?.單句語法填空

1.SmokingleavesSaminpoorhealth;hiswifehastriedvaintopersuade

himtoquitsmoking,though.

答案：in句意：吸煙使薩姆的健康狀況很差。盡管他妻子試圖勸說他戒煙卻是徒勞的。

invain“徒勞地”。

2.Thelawmustseek(protect)therightsofcitizens.

答案：toprotectseektodosth”設(shè)法/試圖做某事”。

3.Sheisverymuch(oppose)tohisgoingabroad.

答案：OPPoSed句意：她非常反對他出國。beopposedtodoingsth”反對做某事”。

4.ChinesegovernmentpreventedtheCOVID-19fromspreadingatall

(cost).

答案：costs句意：中國政府不惜一切代價來阻止這種疾病蔓延。atallcosts"不

惜一切代價”。

5.Mybabysisternevercriessheishungry.

答案：unless句意：我那剛出生的妹妹除非餓.了，否則她是從來不哭的。根據(jù)句意，

這里用unless引導條件狀語從句。

6.Wouldyouliketohaveyourwriting(publish)inthismagazine?

答案：published句意：你想要你的文章發(fā)表在這本雜志上嗎？havesthdone“使某

事被做”。

7.Ifheshouldn,tcometomorrow,we(put)offthemeetingtillnext

Monday.

答案：should/would/couldput句意：要是他明天來不了，我們將把會議推遲到下周

一。此處是對將來情況的虛擬，故主句用WOUId∕could∕should+動詞原形。

8.IfIwereyou,I(take)hisadvice.

答案：wouldhavetaken句意：如果我是你的話，我就接納他的建議。此處是虛擬語

氣，主句與過去事實相反，故用wouldhavetaken?

9.Thepoliceprohibit(park)inthecitycentre.

答案：parking句意：警方禁止在市中心停車。prohibitdoingsth“禁止做某事”。

10.(live)withherfor5years,heknowsherverywell.

答案：Havinglived句意：與她一起生活了五年，他非常了解她?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式

強調(diào)動作先于句子謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生。

∏?單句寫作

1.Policesearched(徒勞)forthemissinggunman.

答案：invain

2.Tokeepthefeetdryandcomfortable,thisnewkindofshoes(酉己

有)amicro-fan.

答案：isequippedwith

3.Tenminutesearlier,andwemissingtheearlybus.

再早十分鐘的話，我們就可以避免錯過早班的公共汽車。

答案：couldhaveavoided

4.________________________________________________________________

當國王讓人們修建這些金字塔時，他們也許決不會想到會發(fā)生這事。(have的賓語補足

語)

答案：WhenthekingshadthePyramidsbuiltforthem,theyperhapsneverimagined

thiswouldhappen.

5.________________________________________________________________

你上周怎么沒有告訴我你遇到的困難？如果你告訴了我，我會給你幫助的。

答案：Whydidn,tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhadtoldme,

Icouldhavehelpedyou.

m.語法填空

Somepeoplearegreatatrememberingfaces.Oncetheymeetyou,theyneverforget

howyoulook,whileforotherpeople,rememberingafaceis](simple)impossible.

Suchpeoplehaveaconditionofthebraincalled“faceblindness”,2actual

nameisdevelopmentalprosopagnosia(人面失認癥)，orDPforshort.

Therewasatimewhenfaceblindness3(think)toberare.Butrecent_4

(study)haveshownthatitmightbemorecommonthanexpertshadthought.Thelatest

studyonfaceblindnesscamefromDuchaine,5professorofpsychologicaland

brainsciencesatDartmouthCollege.Hewantedtofindout6thetesteescould

recognizepicturesoffamouspeopleornot.Soh