冀教版英語八年級上語法復習

GrammarReviewfor8thGradeEnglishinJijiaoPress目錄NounreviewArticleReviewPronounReviewAdjectiveReviewReviewofAdverbsPrepositionreview01Nounreviewnamesforgeneralcategoriesofthings,people,orideas,e.g.,"cat,""teacher,""happiness."Commonnounsnamesofspecificindividualsorgroups,e.g.,"John,""China,""UnitedStates."Propernounsnamesforideas,qualities,oremotionsthatcannotbeseenortouched,e.g.,"happiness,""love,""wisdom."Abstractnounsnamesfortangibleobjects,e.g.,"stone,""gold,""water."MaterialnounsClassificationofNounsusedtorefertooneperson,place,thing,oridea,e.g.,"cat,""book,""idea."Singularnounsusedtorefertomorethanoneperson,place,thing,oridea,e.g.,"cats,""books,""ideas."PluralnounsThenumberofnounsPossessivenounsusedtoshowownershiporpossession,e.g.,"John'sbook,""thecat'stoy."Formationofpossessivenounsusuallybyaddinganapostropheandan's'totheendofthenoun,e.g.,"dog's,""house's."However,forpluralnounsendingin's',onlyanapostropheisadded,e.g.,"boys',""houses'."Thepossessivecaseofnouns02ArticleReviewThedefinitearticle"the"isusedtorefertoaspecificperson,thing,orideathathasbeenpreviouslymentionedoriswell-known.Itisalsousedtoindicateagroupofpeopleorthingsthatareconsideredasasingleentity.Thedefinitearticle"the"isalsousedwithabstractnounsandnounsthatareconsideredasuncountable.thedefinitearticleTheindefinitearticles"a"and"an"areusedtorefertoaperson,thing,orideathatisnotspecificorwell-known.Theyarealsousedwhenthegenderofthepersonorthingisnotknownorwhenthegenderdoesnotmatter.Theindefinitearticles"a"and"an"areusedbeforeconsonantsounds,while"an"isusedbeforevowelsounds.TheusageofindefinitearticlesTheUsageofZeroArticleZeroarticleisusedwhenthenounismodifiedbyanadjectiveorwhenthenounispartofacompoundnoun.Zeroarticleisalsousedwithsomefixedexpressions,suchas"incharge,""infront,"and"ontime."03PronounReviewI,you,he,she,it,we,theySubjectivePronounsme,you,him,her,it,us,themObjectivePronounsmyself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,themselvesReflexivePronounsone,another,some,any,each,eitherIndefinitePronounsTheUsageofPersonalPronouns0102TheusageofpossessivepronounsPluralPossessivePronouns:our,theirSingularPossessivePronouns:my,your,his,herReflexivePronounsareusedwhentheactionisdonetooneself.ReflexivePronounsareusedwhenthesubjectandobjectarereversed.ReflexivePronounsareusedwhenthesubjectandtheobjectarethesame.Theusageofreflexivepronouns04AdjectiveReviewClassifyingandDescribingAdjectivesareusedtoclassifyanddescribenouns.Theyprovidemoreinformationaboutthenounsandhelpinmakingthesentencemorepreciseanddescriptive.EmphasizingImportanceByusingadjectives,wecanemphasizetheimportance,significance,orvalueofthenoun.Itgivesmoreweighttothenounandhighlightsitsimportanceinthesentence.ComparisonsAdjectivescanbeusedtocomparetwoormorethings.Weusecomparativeandsuperlativeformsofadjectivestocomparethingsandshowtheirrelativepositionsordegreesofexcellenceorinferiority.TheUsageofAdjectives010203ComparativeFormsComparativeformsofadjectivesareusedtocomparetwothingsofthesamekind.Theyareformedbyadding"er"attheendoftheadjective(e.g.,"bigger,""smaller").SuperlativeFormsSuperlativeformsofadjectivesareusedtocomparemorethantwothingsandshowwhichoneisthebestortheworst.Theyareformedbyadding"est"attheendoftheadjective(e.g.,"biggest,""smallest").IrregularFormsSomeadjectiveshaveirregularcomparativeandsuperlativeforms.Forexample,"good"becomes"better"inthecomparativeformand"best"inthesuperlativeform.ThecomparativeandsuperlativeformsofadjectivesCollocation01Collocationreferstothefixedcombinationofwordsthatoccurtogethernaturallyandfrequently.AdjectiveCollocations02Someadjectivesareoftenusedtogetherwithcertainnouns.Forexample,"happyfamily,""brightfuture,""hardworkingstudent."IdiomaticCollocations03Idiomaticcollocationsareexpressionsthathaveafixedmeaningandcannotbechangedorreplacedbyotherwords.Forexample,"inlove,""outofcontrol,""upintheair."Thefixedcollocationofadjectives05ReviewofAdverbsClassificationAdverbscanbeclassifiedintotwomaincategories:generaladverbsandspecificadverbs.Generaladverbsmodifythemeaningoftheverb,whilespecificadverbsmodifythemeaningofotheradverbs,adjectives,orotherwords.UsageAdverbsareusedtomodifythemeaningofverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbs.Theyprovideadditionalinformationabouttheaction,condition,orstateofthesubject.Examples"Shesingsbeautifully.","Herunsveryfast.","Theyareextremelyhappy."ClassificationandUsageofAdverbs要點三ComparativeFormsComparativeformsofadverbsareusedtocomparetwothingsorpeople.Theyareformedbyadding"-er"totheendoftheadverb.Iftheadverbalreadyendsin"-e",justadd"r".要點一要點二SuperlativeFormsSuperlativeformsofadverbsareusedtocomparemorethantwothingsorpeople.Theyareformedbyadding"-est"totheendoftheadverb.Iftheadverbalreadyendsin"-e",justadd"st".Examples"Herunsfasterthanher.","Shesingsmorebeautifullythanhim.","TheyarethehappiestpeopleIknow."要點三ThecomparativeandsuperlativeformsofadverbsDefinition:Fixedcollocationreferstothe固定的combinationofadverbswithcertainverbsoradjectives.Thesecombinationshaveaspecificmeaningandcannotbereplacedbyotherwords.Types:Therearetwotypesoffixedcollocation:strongcollocationandweakcollocation.Strongcollocationreferstocombinationsthatareveryfixedandcannotbereplaced,whileweakcollocationreferstocombinationsthatcanbereplacedbyothersimilarwords.Examples:"Sheisconstantlylate.","Theyfrequentlymeetonweekends.","Heoccasionallyhelpshisneighbor."Thefixedcollocationofadverbs06PrepositionreviewClassificationPrepositionscanbeclassifiedintoseveraltypes,includingtemporal,spatial,causal,contrastive,etc.Eachtypehasitsuniqueusageandmeaning.TemporalusageTemporalprepositionsareusedtodescribetimerelationships,suchas"in"(inthemorning),"on"(onSunday),"at"(at3o'clock).SpatialusageSpatialprepositionsareusedtodescribespatialrelationships,suchas"in"(intheroom),"on"(onthetable),"at"(atthecorner).TheclassificationandusageofprepositionsCausalprepositionsareusedtodescribereasonsorcauses,suchas"because","dueto","thanksto".Contrastiveprepositionsareusedtocontrastorcomparetwothings,suchas"except","besides","incontrast".Theclassificationandusage