頸動(dòng)脈狹窄診治指南

頸動(dòng)脈狹窄診治指南一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle《頸動(dòng)脈狹窄診治指南》旨在為醫(yī)療專業(yè)人士提供關(guān)于頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的深入理解和有效診治策略。頸動(dòng)脈狹窄是由于頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)壁積聚的脂肪、鈣質(zhì)和其他物質(zhì)導(dǎo)致的血管狹窄，可能引發(fā)一系列嚴(yán)重的健康問題，包括中風(fēng)和短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作（TIA）。本文將從定義、流行病學(xué)、病理生理機(jī)制、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷方法、治療策略以及預(yù)防等方面進(jìn)行全面介紹，旨在為臨床醫(yī)師提供一套科學(xué)、實(shí)用、系統(tǒng)的頸動(dòng)脈狹窄診治參考。The"GuidelinesfortheDiagnosisandTreatmentofCarotidStenosis"aimtoprovidemedicalprofessionalswithadeepunderstandingandeffectivediagnosisandtreatmentstrategiesforcarotidarterystenosis.Carotidarterystenosisiscausedbytheaccumulationoffat,calcium,andothersubstancesontheinnerwallofthecarotidartery,whichcanleadtoaseriesofserioushealthproblems,includingstrokeandtransientischemicattack(TIA).Thisarticlewillcomprehensivelyintroducethedefinition,epidemiology,pathophysiologicalmechanisms,clinicalmanifestations,diagnosticmethods,treatmentstrategies,andpreventionofcarotidarterystenosis,aimingtoprovideclinicalphysicianswithascientific,practical,andsystematicreferenceforthediagnosisandtreatmentofcarotidarterystenosis.本文將重點(diǎn)關(guān)注頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的最新研究進(jìn)展和臨床實(shí)踐，包括無創(chuàng)診斷技術(shù)的發(fā)展、藥物治療和手術(shù)治療的最新策略，以及針對(duì)特定患者群體的個(gè)性化治療方案。本文還將強(qiáng)調(diào)預(yù)防頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的重要性，包括生活方式的調(diào)整、危險(xiǎn)因素的控制以及定期的體檢和篩查。Thisarticlewillfocusonthelatestresearchprogressandclinicalpracticeofcarotidarterystenosis,includingthedevelopmentofnon-invasivediagnostictechniques,thelateststrategiesfordrugandsurgicaltreatment,andpersonalizedtreatmentplansforspecificpatientgroups.Thisarticlewillalsoemphasizetheimportanceofpreventingcarotidarterystenosis,includinglifestyleadjustments,controlofriskfactors,andregularphysicalexaminationsandscreening.通過閱讀本文，讀者將能夠全面了解頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的各個(gè)方面，掌握其診斷和治療的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，以便在臨床實(shí)踐中為患者提供最優(yōu)質(zhì)的醫(yī)療服務(wù)。Byreadingthisarticle,readerswillbeabletocomprehensivelyunderstandvariousaspectsofcarotidarterystenosis,masterthekeytechnologiesforitsdiagnosisandtreatment,andprovidethehighestqualitymedicalservicesforpatientsinclinicalpractice.二、診斷方法Diagnosticmethods頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的診斷主要依賴于詳細(xì)的病史采集、體格檢查、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查以及影像學(xué)檢查。其中，影像學(xué)檢查是診斷頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的關(guān)鍵。Thediagnosisofcarotidarterystenosismainlyreliesondetailedmedicalhistorycollection,physicalexamination,laboratoryexamination,andimagingexamination.Amongthem,imagingexaminationisthekeytodiagnosingcarotidarterystenosis.病史和體格檢查：醫(yī)生會(huì)詢問患者是否有高血壓、高血脂、糖尿病等慢性疾病史，以及是否有短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作（TIA）或中風(fēng)等腦血管疾病史。體格檢查主要關(guān)注患者的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)，如語言障礙、視力障礙、運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙等。Medicalhistoryandphysicalexamination:Thedoctorwillaskthepatientwhetherhehasahistoryofchronicdiseasessuchashypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,andwhetherhehasahistoryofcerebrovasculardiseasessuchastransientischemicattack(TIA)orstroke.Physicalexaminationmainlyfocusesonthepatient'sneurologicalmanifestations,suchaslanguagedisorders,visualimpairments,andmotordisorders.實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查：包括血常規(guī)、血脂、血糖等基礎(chǔ)檢查，有助于評(píng)估患者的全身狀況。特別需要注意的是，頸動(dòng)脈狹窄患者往往存在血脂異常，如總膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇等升高。Laboratorytests:includingbasictestssuchasbloodroutine,bloodlipids,andbloodsugar,canhelpevaluatethepatient'soverallcondition.Itshouldbenotedthatpatientswithcarotidarterystenosisoftenhaveabnormalbloodlipids,suchaselevatedtotalcholesterolandlow-densitylipoproteincholesterol.頸動(dòng)脈超聲：這是一種無創(chuàng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、易于重復(fù)的檢查方法，可以顯示頸動(dòng)脈的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)、斑塊大小和形態(tài)、血流速度等，是診斷頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的首選方法。Carotidarteryultrasound:Thisisanon-invasive,economical,andeasilyrepeatableexaminationmethodthatcandisplaytheanatomicalstructure,plaquesizeandshape,bloodflowvelocity,etc.ofthecarotidartery.Itisthepreferredmethodfordiagnosingcarotidarterystenosis.磁共振血管成像（MRA）：MRA可以清晰地顯示頸動(dòng)脈及其分支的三維結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)于評(píng)估頸動(dòng)脈狹窄程度和范圍有很高的價(jià)值。MRA還可以顯示斑塊內(nèi)的出血和潰瘍等特征。MagneticResonanceAngiography(MRA):MRAcanclearlydisplaythethree-dimensionalstructureofthecarotidarteryanditsbranches,whichhashighvalueinevaluatingthedegreeandrangeofcarotidarterystenosis.MRAcanalsodisplayfeaturessuchasbleedingandulcerswithinplaques.計(jì)算機(jī)斷層血管成像（CTA）：CTA通過注射造影劑，可以獲取頸動(dòng)脈的高分辨率圖像，有助于準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估狹窄程度和斑塊性質(zhì)。與MRA相比，CTA的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于檢查時(shí)間短、受操作者技術(shù)影響小。Computedtomographyangiography(CTA):Byinjectingcontrastagents,CTAcanobtainhigh-resolutionimagesofthecarotidartery,whichhelpstoaccuratelyevaluatethedegreeofstenosisandplaqueproperties.ComparedwithMRA,CTAhastheadvantagesofshorterexaminationtimeandlessinfluencefromtheoperator'stechnicalskills.數(shù)字減影血管造影（DSA）：DSA是診斷頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可以直觀地顯示頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的程度、范圍和斑塊形態(tài)。然而，由于DSA是一種有創(chuàng)檢查，具有一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此在臨床上通常作為其他無創(chuàng)檢查方法的補(bǔ)充或驗(yàn)證手段。Digitalsubtractionangiography(DSA):DSAisthegoldstandardfordiagnosingcarotidarterystenosis,whichcanvisuallydisplaythedegree,range,andplaquemorphologyofcarotidarterystenosis.However,asDSAisaninvasiveexaminationwithcertainrisks,itisoftenusedasasupplementorvalidationtooltoothernon-invasiveexaminationmethodsinclinicalpractice.在診斷過程中，醫(yī)生會(huì)根據(jù)患者的具體情況選擇合適的檢查方法。一般來說，對(duì)于疑似頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的患者，首先應(yīng)進(jìn)行頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢查，如有需要可進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行MRA、CTA或DSA等檢查。通過綜合運(yùn)用這些診斷方法，醫(yī)生可以準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)估患者的頸動(dòng)脈狹窄程度，為制定合適的治療方案提供依據(jù)。Duringthediagnosisprocess,doctorswillchooseappropriateexaminationmethodsbasedonthespecificsituationofthepatient.Generallyspeaking,forpatientssuspectedofcarotidarterystenosis,carotidarteryultrasoundexaminationshouldbeperformedfirst.Ifnecessary,furtherexaminationssuchasMRA,CTA,orDSAcanbeperformed.Bycomprehensivelyapplyingthesediagnosticmethods,doctorscanaccuratelyevaluatethedegreeofcarotidarterystenosisinpatientsandprovideabasisfordevelopingappropriatetreatmentplans.三、評(píng)估與分期Evaluationandstaging頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的評(píng)估與分期對(duì)于制定合適的治療策略至關(guān)重要。評(píng)估過程主要包括病史采集、體格檢查、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查以及影像學(xué)檢查。通過這些評(píng)估手段，醫(yī)生可以全面了解患者的狹窄程度、斑塊穩(wěn)定性、側(cè)支循環(huán)狀況以及是否存在遠(yuǎn)端栓塞等關(guān)鍵信息。Theevaluationandstagingofcarotidarterystenosisarecrucialfordevelopingappropriatetreatmentstrategies.Theevaluationprocessmainlyincludesmedicalhistorycollection,physicalexamination,laboratoryexamination,andimagingexamination.Throughtheseevaluationmethods,doctorscancomprehensivelyunderstandkeyinformationsuchasthedegreeofstenosis,plaquestability,collateralcirculationstatus,andthepresenceofdistalembolisminpatients.在分期方面，通常根據(jù)頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的程度進(jìn)行劃分。輕度狹窄一般指狹窄率小于30%，這類患者通常無明顯癥狀，但仍需密切隨訪觀察。中度狹窄指狹窄率在30%-69%之間，患者可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些輕微的腦缺血癥狀，如短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作（TIA）等，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)患者癥狀及斑塊穩(wěn)定性等因素制定治療方案。重度狹窄指狹窄率大于或等于70%，這類患者發(fā)生腦卒中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極高，通常需要積極采取手術(shù)治療或介入治療。Intermsofstaging,itisusuallydividedbasedonthedegreeofcarotidarterystenosis.Mildstenosisgenerallyreferstoastenosisrateoflessthan30%.Thesepatientsusuallyhavenoobvioussymptoms,butstillrequireclosefollow-upobservation.Moderatestenosisreferstoanarrowingratebetween30%and69%.Patientsmayexperiencemildischemicsymptoms,suchastransientischemicattacks(TIA).Inthiscase,treatmentplansshouldbedevelopedbasedonfactorssuchaspatientsymptomsandplaquestability.Severestenosisreferstoastenosisrategreaterthanorequalto70%,andsuchpatientshaveahighriskofstroke,usuallyrequiringactivesurgicalorinterventionaltreatment.除了狹窄程度外，斑塊的穩(wěn)定性也是評(píng)估與分期的重要考慮因素。不穩(wěn)定斑塊更易破裂導(dǎo)致血栓形成，進(jìn)而引發(fā)腦卒中。因此，在評(píng)估過程中，醫(yī)生還需關(guān)注斑塊的形態(tài)、大小、回聲等特征，以便更準(zhǔn)確地判斷斑塊的穩(wěn)定性。Inadditiontothedegreeofstenosis,thestabilityofplaquesisalsoanimportantconsiderationforevaluationandstaging.Unstableplaquesaremorepronetorupture,leadingtothrombosisandultimatelycausingstroke.Therefore,intheevaluationprocess,doctorsalsoneedtopayattentiontotheshape,size,echoandothercharacteristicsofplaquesinordertomoreaccuratelydeterminethestabilityofplaques.頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的評(píng)估與分期是一個(gè)綜合性的過程，需要結(jié)合多種手段和方法進(jìn)行全面分析。通過準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)估與分期，醫(yī)生可以為患者制定更為精準(zhǔn)有效的治療策略，從而降低腦卒中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，改善患者生活質(zhì)量。Theevaluationandstagingofcarotidarterystenosisisacomprehensiveprocessthatrequiresacombinationofmultiplemethodsandapproachesforcomprehensiveanalysis.Throughaccurateassessmentandstaging,doctorscandevelopmorepreciseandeffectivetreatmentstrategiesforpatients,therebyreducingtheriskofstrokeandimprovingtheirqualityoflife.四、治療方法Treatmentmethods頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的治療方法主要包括藥物治療、手術(shù)治療以及介入治療等。治療方法的選擇應(yīng)根據(jù)患者的具體情況，如狹窄程度、癥狀表現(xiàn)、身體狀況等進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)估。Thetreatmentmethodsforcarotidarterystenosismainlyincludedrugtherapy,surgicaltreatment,andinterventionaltreatment.Theselectionoftreatmentmethodsshouldbecomprehensivelyevaluatedbasedonthepatient'sspecificsituation,suchasthedegreeofstenosis,symptoms,andphysicalcondition.藥物治療：對(duì)于輕中度頸動(dòng)脈狹窄患者，藥物治療是首選。主要藥物包括抗血小板藥物（如阿司匹林、氯吡格雷等）和降壓、降脂藥物。這些藥物能有效降低腦卒中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，改善患者的生活質(zhì)量。Drugtherapy:Forpatientswithmildtomoderatecarotidarterystenosis,drugtherapyisthefirstchoice.Themaindrugsincludeantiplateletdrugs(suchasaspirin,clopidogrel,etc.)andantihypertensiveandlipid-loweringdrugs.Thesedrugscaneffectivelyreducetheriskofstrokeandimprovethequalityoflifeofpatients.手術(shù)治療：對(duì)于重度頸動(dòng)脈狹窄（狹窄率≥70%）且伴有明顯癥狀的患者，手術(shù)治療是主要的治療方法。手術(shù)方法主要有頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜剝脫術(shù)（CEA）和頸動(dòng)脈支架植入術(shù)（CAS）。CEA是通過剝離頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜和中膜來去除斑塊，恢復(fù)頸動(dòng)脈血流。CAS則是通過介入技術(shù)在頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)植入支架，以擴(kuò)張狹窄的血管。Surgicaltreatment:Forpatientswithseverecarotidarterystenosis(stenosisrate≥70%)andobvioussymptoms,surgicaltreatmentisthemaintreatmentmethod.Themainsurgicalmethodsincludecarotidendarterectomy(CEA)andcarotidstentimplantation(CAS).CEAremovesplaquesandrestorescarotidbloodflowbystrippingtheintimaandmediaofthecarotidartery.CASinvolvesimplantingastentintothecarotidarterythroughinterventionaltechniquestodilatenarrowedbloodvessels.介入治療：介入治療主要包括球囊擴(kuò)張和支架植入。對(duì)于高齡、手術(shù)耐受性差或不愿接受手術(shù)治療的患者，介入治療是一個(gè)很好的選擇。介入治療創(chuàng)傷小、恢復(fù)快，但術(shù)后需嚴(yán)密監(jiān)測(cè)，以防止血栓形成和狹窄復(fù)發(fā)。Interventionaltherapy:Interventionaltherapymainlyincludesballoondilationandstentimplantation.Interventionaltherapyisagoodchoiceforpatientswhoareelderly,havepoorsurgicaltolerance,orareunwillingtoundergosurgicaltreatment.Interventionaltherapyhasminimaltraumaandfastrecovery,butstrictpostoperativemonitoringisrequiredtopreventthrombosisandstenosisrecurrence.在治療過程中，患者應(yīng)保持良好的生活習(xí)慣，如戒煙、限酒、控制血壓和血糖等，以降低頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的進(jìn)展速度和腦卒中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。患者應(yīng)定期接受醫(yī)生的隨訪和檢查，以便及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并處理可能出現(xiàn)的問題。Duringthetreatmentprocess,patientsshouldmaintaingoodlifestylehabits,suchasquittingsmoking,limitingalcoholconsumption,controllingbloodpressureandbloodsugar,etc.,toreducetheprogressionrateofcarotidarterystenosisandtheriskofstroke.Patientsshouldreceiveregularfollow-upandexaminationfromdoctorstopromptlyidentifyandaddresspotentialissues.五、隨訪與預(yù)后Followupandprognosis頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的隨訪與預(yù)后管理是患者整體治療策略中不可或缺的一部分。適當(dāng)?shù)碾S訪可以及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病的進(jìn)展或復(fù)發(fā)，評(píng)估治療效果，以及調(diào)整治療方案。預(yù)后則反映了疾病的可能發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和患者的預(yù)期壽命及生活質(zhì)量。Thefollow-upandprognosismanagementofcarotidarterystenosisisanindispensablepartoftheoveralltreatmentstrategyforpatients.Appropriatefollow-upcantimelydetectdiseaseprogressionorrecurrence,evaluatetreatmenteffectiveness,andadjusttreatmentplans.Theprognosisreflectsthepossibledevelopmenttrendofthediseaseandthepatient'sexpectedlifeandqualityoflife.隨訪計(jì)劃應(yīng)根據(jù)患者的具體情況進(jìn)行個(gè)性化制定。一般來說，初次診斷后應(yīng)密切隨訪，以評(píng)估治療效果和監(jiān)測(cè)疾病進(jìn)展。隨后，根據(jù)患者的臨床穩(wěn)定性，隨訪頻率可以逐漸降低。常規(guī)隨訪項(xiàng)目應(yīng)包括體格檢查、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)檢查、頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢查等。對(duì)于高?；颊?，可能還需要進(jìn)行更頻繁的影像學(xué)檢查，如MRI或CT血管造影。Thefollow-upplanshouldbepersonalizedbasedonthespecificsituationofthepatient.Generallyspeaking,closefollow-upshouldbeconductedaftertheinitialdiagnosistoevaluatetreatmentefficacyandmonitordiseaseprogression.Subsequently,basedontheclinicalstabilityofthepatient,thefrequencyoffollow-upcangraduallydecrease.Theroutinefollow-upitemsshouldincludephysicalexamination,neurologicalexamination,carotidultrasoundexamination,etc.Forhigh-riskpatients,morefrequentimagingexaminationssuchasMRIorCTangiographymaybenecessary.預(yù)后受多種因素影響，包括狹窄程度、狹窄部位、斑塊穩(wěn)定性、患者的整體健康狀況等。狹窄程度越重，預(yù)后通常越差。不穩(wěn)定斑塊的存在也會(huì)增加疾病進(jìn)展和發(fā)生腦血管事件的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。合并高血壓、糖尿病等慢性疾病的患者，其預(yù)后也可能較差。Theprognosisisinfluencedbyvariousfactors,includingthedegreeofstenosis,thelocationofstenosis,plaquestability,andtheoverallhealthstatusofthepatient.Themoreseverethestenosis,theworsetheprognosisisusually.Thepresenceofunstableplaquesalsoincreasestheriskofdiseaseprogressionandoccurrenceofcerebrovascularevents.Patientswithchronicdiseasessuchashypertensionanddiabetesmayalsohavepoorprognosis.預(yù)后評(píng)估通常基于患者的臨床表現(xiàn)、影像學(xué)檢查和實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查。通過綜合分析這些因素，醫(yī)生可以對(duì)患者的預(yù)后進(jìn)行初步判斷，并制定相應(yīng)的治療和管理策略。值得注意的是，預(yù)后評(píng)估是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的過程，需要隨著患者病情的變化而不斷更新。Prognosticassessmentisusuallybasedonthepatient'sclinicalpresentation,imagingexamination,andlaboratoryexamination.Bycomprehensivelyanalyzingthesefactors,doctorscanmakepreliminaryjudgmentsonthepatient'sprognosisanddevelopcorrespondingtreatmentandmanagementstrategies.Itisworthnotingthatprognosticassessmentisadynamicprocessthatneedstobeconstantlyupdatedwithchangesinthepatient'scondition.對(duì)于頸動(dòng)脈狹窄患者，制定合理的隨訪計(jì)劃和預(yù)后評(píng)估策略至關(guān)重要。這有助于及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并處理病情變化，優(yōu)化治療方案，從而改善患者的生活質(zhì)量和預(yù)后。在未來的研究中，我們還需要進(jìn)一步探索影響頸動(dòng)脈狹窄預(yù)后的新因素和新方法，以提供更精準(zhǔn)和個(gè)性化的醫(yī)療服務(wù)。Itiscrucialtodevelopareasonablefollow-upplanandprognosticevaluationstrategyforpatientswithcarotidarterystenosis.Thishelpstotimelydetectandhandlechangesinthecondition,optimizetreatmentplans,andthusimprovethequalityoflifeandprognosisofpatients.Infutureresearch,weneedtofurtherexplorenewfactorsandmethodsthataffecttheprognosisofcarotidarterystenosis,inordertoprovidemoreaccurateandpersonalizedmedicalservices.六、討論與展望DiscussionandOutlook頸動(dòng)脈狹窄作為一種常見的血管疾病，其診斷和治療一直受到臨床醫(yī)生和研究者的廣泛關(guān)注。近年來，隨著醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和治療手段的日益豐富，頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的診治水平得到了顯著提升。然而，仍然存在一些挑戰(zhàn)和問題需要進(jìn)一步探討。Carotidarterystenosis,asacommonvasculardisease,hasalwaysreceivedwidespreadattentionfromclinicaldoctorsandresearchersinitsdiagnosisandtreatment.Inrecentyears,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofmedicalimagingtechnologyandtheincreasingrichnessoftreatmentmethods,thediagnosisandtreatmentlevelofcarotidarterystenosishasbeensignificantlyimproved.However,therearestillsomechallengesandissuesthatneedfurtherexploration.在討論頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的診治策略時(shí)，我們需要關(guān)注患者的個(gè)體差異和疾病的復(fù)雜性。不同患者的頸動(dòng)脈狹窄程度、癥狀表現(xiàn)以及合并癥情況各不相同，因此，制定個(gè)性化的治療方案至關(guān)重要。頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的診治過程涉及多個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域，如神經(jīng)外科、神經(jīng)內(nèi)科、介入放射學(xué)和康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)等，跨學(xué)科合作將有助于提高患者的整體治療效果。Whendiscussingthediagnosisandtreatmentstrategiesforcarotidarterystenosis,weneedtopayattentiontotheindividualdifferencesofpatientsandthecomplexityofthedisease.Thedegreeofcarotidarterystenosis,symptoms,andcomorbiditiesvaryamongdifferentpatients,therefore,itiscrucialtodeveloppersonalizedtreatmentplans.Thediagnosisandtreatmentprocessofcarotidarterystenosisinvolvesmultipledisciplines,suchasneurosurgery,neurology,interventionalradiology,andrehabilitationmedicine.Interdisciplinarycooperationwillhelpimprovetheoveralltreatmenteffectofpatients.未來，頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的診治將面臨更多的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。一方面，隨著醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，如高分辨率超聲、磁共振血管成像和計(jì)算機(jī)斷層血管成像等，我們可以更加準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)估頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的程度和范圍，為臨床治療提供更加可靠的依據(jù)。另一方面，新的治療手段和方法的出現(xiàn)，如藥物涂層球囊擴(kuò)張術(shù)、頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜剝脫術(shù)以及血管內(nèi)支架植入術(shù)等，將為頸動(dòng)脈狹窄的治療提供更多選擇。Inthefuture,thediagnosisandtreatmentofcarotidarterystenosiswillfacemoreopportunitiesandchallenges.Ontheonehand,withthecontinuousadvancementofmedicalimagingtechnology,suchashigh-resolutionultrasound,magneticresonanceangiography,andcomputedtomographyangiography,wecanmoreaccuratelyevaluatethedegreeandscopeofcarotidarterystenosis,providingmorereliablebasisforclinicaltreatment.Ontheotherhand,theemergenceofnewtreatmentmethodsandtechniques,suchasdru