英語(yǔ)第一單元筆記

NotesforUnit1ofEnglishUnitOverviewandLearningObjectivesVocabularyandPhraseAnalysisGrammarknowledgeguidanceListeningtrainingandskillguidance目錄ExplorationofwaystoimproveoralexpressioncapabilityStrategiesforDevelopingReadingComprehensionAbility目錄01UnitOverviewandLearningObjectives

IntroductiontothethemeandbackgroundofthisunitThethemeofthisunitis"IntroductiontoEnglishLanguageandCulture"ItprovidesanoverviewoftheEnglishlanguage,itshistory,anditsglobalimpactTheunitalsointroduceskeyconceptsrelatedtoculture,suchascustoms,conditions,andvaluesStudentswilllearnaboutthehistoryanddevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguageTheywillgainanunderstandingoftheculturalbackgroundandvaluesassociatedwithEnglishspeakingcountriesStudentswillbeabletocommunicateeffectivelyinEnglish,bothorallyandinwritingLearningobjectivesandrequirementsStudentsareexpectedtocompleteallassignedreadings,participateactivelyinclassdiscussions,andcompleteallhomeassignmentsontimeTheunitisdividedintoseveralmodules,eachcoveringaspecifictopicrelatedtoEnglishlanguageandcultureEachmoduleincludeslectures,discussions,andactivitiesdesignedtoengagestudentsandenhancetheirlearningexperienceCoursearrangementandtimeplanning02VocabularyandPhraseAnalysisSortingCategorizenewvocabularybasedonthemes,suchasemotions,dailyroutines,ortravelThishelpsorganizethewordsandmakethemeasiertorecallExpansionUserootwordstoexpandvocabularyForexample,fromtheword"happy,"onecanderiverelatedwordslike"happiness,""unhappy,"and"happy."MnemonicsCreatememoryaids,suchasacronymsorrhymes,tohelpremembernewwordsKeyvocabularysortingandexpansionPhrasalVerbsarecommoninEnglishandcanbetrickedtomasterExamplesinclude"lookforwardto,""getalongwith,"and"takecareof."It'simportanttounderstandthemeaningandcontextofeachphysicalverbIdiomsareexpressionsthathaveafigurativemeaning,oftendifferentfromtheliteralmeaningofthewordsForinstance,"it'strainingcatsanddogs"means"it'strainingveryhard."FamiliaritywithcommontraitsenhanceslanguagefluencyCollectionsarecombinationsofwordsthatnaturallyoccurtogetherinthelanguageLearningthesesettlements,suchas"strongtea"or"heavysmoker,"improveslanguageaccuracyPhrasalVerbsIdiomsCollectionsExamplesandApplicationsofCommonPhrasesVocabularyMemorySkillsSharingRepetition:RepeatingnewwordsandphrasesmultipletimesaidsinmemoryretentionThiscanbedonethroughreading,writing,orspeakingactivitiesAssociation:Associatingnewwordswithimages,stories,orpersonalexperiencesmakethemmorememorableForexample,thinkingofafunstorywhilelearninganewwordcanhelprecallitlaterCreatingSentences:ConstructingSentencesUsingNewVocabularyHelpsReviseLearningItallowslearnerstopracticeusingthewordsincontext,whichimprovesretentionQuizzesandTests:TakingquizzesortestsonnewlylearnedvocabularycanhelpsolidifymemoryThisactiverecallmethodchallengesthebraintoretrieveinformation,strengtheningneuralconnections03GrammarknowledgeguidanceSenseSensereferstothetimeoftheactionorstatedescribedbyaverbEnglishverbshavethreetensions:present,past,andfutureVoiceVoiceindicatestherelationshipbetweentheactionorstateoftheverbanditssubjectEnglishverbshavetwovoices:activeandpassiveCommonmissesintenseandvoiceusageItiscommontofusethetenseorusethewrongvoice,soasusingthepresenttensetodescribeapasteventorusingtheactivevoicewhenthepastvoiceismoreappropriateReviewandSummaryofSenseandVoiceAnattributiveclauseisaclausethatfunctionsasanobjective,modifyinganounorpronoonItusuallyfollowsthenounorpronounitmodificationsandisintroducedbyarelativepronounorrelativeadvisorAnonfineverbisaverbthatdoesnotshowtensionornumberItincludestheinfinity,gerund,andparticleformsofverbsNonfiniteverbscanfunctionasnouns,objections,oradvertisementsinasenseAttributiveclausesandnon-financialverbsarecommonlyusedinEnglishtoadddetailsandcompletenesstosentencesForexample,"ThebookthatIamreadingisveryinteresting."(attributiveclause)and"Ienjoyreadingbooksinmyfreetime."(non-financialverb)AttributiveclauseNonfineverbExamplesofapplicationExamplesofApplicationofAttributiveClauseandNonfineVerbAnalysisofsubjunctionmoodandinvertedpresencestructureSubjunctionmood:Thesubjunctionmoodisusedtoexpresswishes,hypotheses,orconditionsthatarecontemporarytofactItisoftenusedinconjunctionwithcertificateverbsorexpressionstoindicatethattheactionorstatedescribedisnotrealorcertificateInvertedpresencestructure:InvertedpresencestructurereferstotherealagreementofthenormalwordorderinapresenceThiscanbedoneforvariousreasons,suchastoemphasizeaspecificwordorphrase,tocreateamorerhythmicorbalancedpresence,ortoreceiveacertaintoneortitleAnalysisandexamples:ThesubjunctionmoodandinvertedpresencestructureareimportantgraphicaldevicesinEnglishTheyallowspeakersandwriterstoexpresscomplexideasandemotionsmoreeffectivelyForexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotdothat."(subjunctionmood)and"NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulsunset."(invertedpresencestructure)04ListeningtrainingandskillguidanceAnalysisoftypesandcharacteristicsoflisteningmaterialshelplistenerspredictcontent,identifykeyinformation,anduseappropriatelisteningstrategiesImportanceofunderstandin…dialogues,monologues,newsreports,lectures,etcTypesoflisteningmaterialsvaryingspeeds,accounts,andlanguageregisters;Useofspecificvocabularyandphrases;DifferentstructuresandformatsCharacteristicsofdiffere…Activelistening:concentratingonthespeaker,takingnotes,askingquestionsforclarificationIdentifyingkeyinformation:recognizingmainideas,importantdetails,andexamples;DistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinionsExampledemonstrationoflisteningskills:listeningtoashortdialogueordialogueandidentifyingthemainidea,keydetails,andexamplesoflanguageusePredictingcontent:usingcontextclusters,knowledgeofthetopic,andlanguagepatternstoopposewhatwillbesaidListeningskillsexplanationandexampledemonstrationSelectionandexplanationoflisteningpracticequestionsTypesoflisteningpracticequestions:multiplechoices,true/false,fillintheblank,shortanswer,etcCriteriaforselectinglisteningpracticequestions:alignmentwithlearningobjectives,varietyofquestiontypes,appropriatelevelofdiversity,authenticityoflisteningmaterialsExplanationofhowtoapproachlisteningpracticequestions:previewingthequestionstoactivatebackgroundknowledgeandpredictcontent;Listeningactivityforkeyinformation;Usingcontextclustersandlanguagepatternstoinfermeaning;Reviewingandreflectingonperformance05ExplorationofwaystoimproveoralexpressioncapabilityTrainingmethodsandpreparationsforimprovingandfollowingreadingListeningandintroduction:Listentonativespeakers'promotionandintroduction,andintroducetheirspeechpatternsandrhythmsPayattentiontotheaccuracyofpromotionandintroductionReadingaround:Readaroundtextsordialoguestopracticepromotion,introduction,andfluencyPayattentiontothecorrectpromotionofwordsandphrasesShadowing:Followthespeechofanativespeakerorarecording,repeatingthewordsandphrasesasaccuratelyaspossibleThishelpstoimprovelisteningcomprehensionandpromotionPrecautions:Avoidanceoverestimationorexceptionalrelationshiponestimation,asthiscanleadtoalakeofcontroversyandauthenticityinspeechItisimportanttostrikeabalancebetweenemphasisandself-expressionSharingofdesignideasforsituationaldialoguesCreatingauthenticscenarios:DesigndialoguesbasedonreallifesituationsandscenariostomakethemmorerelevantandengagingforlearnersAdvisordifferentsettings,suchasathome,atschool,atwork,inpublicplaces,etcIncorporatingculturalelements:IncorporateculturalelementsandnormsintothedialoguestohelplearnersunderstandandapproximateculturaldifferencesThiscanincludemeetings,farewells,socialetiquette,taboos,etcEncouragingcreativity:EncouragelearnerstousetheirimaginationandcreativitytodesigntheirowndialoguesbasedonthegivenscenariosThishelpstoimprovetheirlanguagegenerationandcommunicationskillsProvidingconstructivefeedbackonlearners'dialoguedesignstohelpthemimprovetheirlanguageuseandcommunicationskillsFocusonareassuchasgrammar,vocabulary,promotion,andfluencyOrganizationandarrangementofroleplayingactivitiesSelectingappropriateroles:Chooserolesthataresuitableforthelearners'age,interests,andlanguagelevelEnsurethattherolesarecle