管理信息系統(tǒng)+外文翻譯+外文文獻+英文文獻

管理信息系統(tǒng)外文翻譯外文文獻英文文獻英文原文TheSourceOfArticle:RussBasiura,MikeBatongbacalManagementInformationSystemItistheMIS(ManagementInformationSystem)thatweconstantlysaythatthemanagementinformationsystem,andislivingtoemphasizetheadministration,andemphasizesthatitchangesintomoreandmoresignificantlyandmoreandmoreisuniversalizedinthecontemporarycommunityofmessage.MISisafreshbranchoflearning,anditleapedoverseveralterritories,andforinstanceadministersscientificknowledge,systemscience,operationalresearch,statisticalongwithcalculatingmachinescientificknowledge.Islivingonthesethebranchesoflearningbase,andtakesshapethatthemessageisgatheredandtheprocessmeans,therebytakeshapethesystemthatthecrossbarmingles.1.TheManagementInformationSystemSummary20centuries,inthewakeoftheflourishingdevelopmentofwholeworldeconomy,numerouseconomistsproposethefreshadministrationtheoryonebyone.XiMenproposetheadministrationandwasdependentonideatomessageanddecisionofstrategicimportanceinthe50’s20centuries.Thedimensionofsimultaneousstageisadmittedissuingcybernetics,andhethinksthattheadministrationisacontrolprocedure.In1958,Ger.writethelid:“theadministrationshallobtainwithoutdelaywiththelowercostandexactmessage,completesthebettercontrol“.Thisparticularperiod,thecalculatingmachinestartsbeingusedaccountancywork.Thedatahandlingtermhasrisen.In1970,WalterT.Kennevangiveadministrationthathasraisedtheonlyashortwhileagoinformationsystemtermtogetoffadefinition:“eitherthecoverofthebookshapewiththediscount,islivingappropriatelytimetodirector,staffmemberalongwiththeoutsideworldpersonnelstaffsuppliesthepastandnowandmessagethatinternalforecastingtheapproachingrelevantbusinessreachessuchenvironment,inordertoassisttheymakeastrategicdecision”.Islivinginthisdefinitiontoemphasize,yetdoesnotemphasizeusingthepattern,andmentionthecalculatingmachineapplicationinthewayofthemessagesupportdecisionofstrategicimportance.In1985,admonishinginformationsystemoriginator,titleBuddhistnunSuDauniversityadministrationprofessorGordonB.Davisgivethemanagementinformationsystemrelativelyintegrateddefinition,inimmediatefuture“administertheinformationsystemisoneusecalculatingmachinesoftwareandhardwareresourcesalongwithdatabankman-theenginesystem.Itbeabletosupplymessagesupportbusinesseitherorganizationoperation,administrationorthedecisionmakingfunction.Comprehensivedirectionsofthisdefinitionmanagementinformationsystemtargetandmeritoriousservicecapacityandcomponent,butalso1makeknownthemanagementinformationsystemtobelivingthelevelthatattainsatthattime.1.1TheDevelopingHistoryofMISThemanagementinformationsystemislivingthemostprimarilyphaseiscountingthesystem,thesubstancewhichresearchedistheregularpatternonfacebetweentheincrementaldata,itwhatmayseparateintothedatabeingmutuallyrelatedandmorenotbeingmutuallyrelatedseries,afterwardsactasthedataconversiontomessage.Thesecondstageisthedataarereplacedthesystem,anditisthattheSABREthattheAmericanairlinecompanyputuptointhe50’s20centuriessubscribestobookthebanknotesystemthatsuchtypestandsfor.Itpossess1008banknotebookingspots,andmayaccess600000travelerkeeptheminutesand27000flightsegmentsrecord.Itsoperationiscomparativelymorecomplex,andislivingwhateverone“spot”whollytocheckwhethertobethefreeplaceupsomeoneflightnumbers.Yetthroughapproximatelyattendingschooluptosay,itisonlyadataandreplacesthesystem,forinstanceitcannotletknowyouwiththebanknotethesellingvelocitynowwhenthebanknoteshallbesellthrough,therebytakesremedyingthestep.Asaresultitalsoisadministerinformationsystemrudimentaryphase.Thethirdphaseisthestatusreportssystem,anditmayseparateintomanufacturestatespeechandservicestateandmakeknownandresearchthesystemssuchasstatusreportsandsoon.ItstypestandsfortheproductioncontrolsystemthatistheIBMcorporationtotheforinstancemanufacturestatespeechsystem.Asisknowntoall,thecalculatingmachinecorporationthattheIBMcorporationisthelargestontheworld,in1964itgivenbirthtomiddle-sizedcalculatingmachineIBM360andcausesthecalculatingmachinelevelliftastep,yetformthatthemanufactureadministrationwork.Yetenormouslycomplicatedlydissolvemoreover,thecalculatingmachineovertakes15000differencecomponentsoncemore,inadditiontheplantofIBMextendsallovertheAmericanvariousplacestoeveryonecomponentsoncemorelikeworksanelement,andtheorderofdifferencepossessdifferencecomponentsandthedifferenceelement,andhavetopointoutthatwhatelementwhatplantwhatinstallationgivesbirthto,hencenotmerelygivingbirthtocomplexly,fitting,installationandtransportationwhollyfullycomplex.Havetotherebeamanufacturestatusreportssystemthattakesthecalculatingmachineinordertoguaranteebeingunderwaysuccessfullyofmanufacturealongwithelsesegmentasthebase.HencethesameagesIBMestablishthesystematicAASofwell-developedadministrationitbeabletocarryon450professionalworkoperations.In1968,thecorporationestablishesthecommunaloncemoreandmanufacturesinformationsystemCMISandrunsandsucceedsverymuch,thepastneeds15weekswork,thatsystemmerelymaybecompletedinthewayof3weeks.Itisthedatahandlingsystemthatthestatusreportssystemstillpossessonekindofshape,andthatitisusedforhandlestheeverydayprofessionalworktomakeknownwithmanufacture,andstressrestswithbythehandworktaskautomation,andliftstheeffectivenesswithsavesthelaborpower.Thedatahandlingsystemordinarilycannotsupplydecisionofstrategicimportancemessage.Lastphaseisthesupportsystemsmakeastrategicdecision,anditistheinformationsystembeingusedforsupplementarymakingastrategicdecision.That2systemmayprogramandtheanalysisscheme,andgoesoverkeyandtheerrorsolveaproblem.Itsproperbetterperson-machinedialoguemeans,maywithnotparticularlythepersonnelstaffwhohaveanintimateknowledgeofthecalculatingmachineholdconversation.Itordinarilyconsistsofsomepatternsoastocomeintobeingdecisionofstrategicimportancemessage,yetemphasizecomprehensiveadministrationmeritoriousservicecapacity.1.2TheApplicationofManagementInformationSystemThemanagementinformationsystemisusedtothemostbasework,likedumpreportform,calculationpayandoccurrencesinhumantubesandsoon,andthendevelopingupbusinessfinancialaffairsadministrationsandinventorycontrolandsoonindividualeventoperationalcontrol,thispertainstotheelectrondatahandling(EDPDataProcessing)system.Whenestablishthebusinessdatabank,therebypossessthecalculatingmachineelectricnetworktoattaindatasharingqueen,theslavesystemconceptisstartoff,whentheimplementationthesituationasawholeismadeprogramandthedesigninformationsystem,attainedtheadministrationinformationsystemphase.Inthewakeofcalculatingmachinetechniqueprogressandthedemandadjustthesystemofpeopleliftfurther,peopleemphasizemorefurthermoreadministertheinformationsystemphase.Progressandpeopleinthewakeofthecalculatingmachinetechniqueliftatthedemandadjustthesystemfurther,peopleemphasizemorefurthermoretoadministertheinformationsystemwhetherbackbusinesshigherleveltoleadmakesastrategicdecisionthismeritoriousservicecapacity,stillmorelayspecialemphasisonthegatheringtotheexternalmessageofbusinessandintegrateddatastorehouse,modellibrary,meansstorehouseandelseartificialintelligencemeanswhetherdirectlytodecisionofstrategicimportanceperson,thisisthesupportsystem(DDS)missionmakingastrategicdecision.ThereisthepartapplicationthatfewbusinessstartMISinnerplacethelimitoftheworldattheearlydaysofbeinglivinginthe70’s20centuries.Upatthemoment,MISisliving,andtherebetheappropriatePopularizationrateineverystatenationinworld,andnearlycoveredthateveryprofessionreacheseverydepartment.1.3TheDirectionofMISDevelopmentClose20curtains;externalgrandduketakeschargeofhavingarisen3kindsofalternations:A.PayingspecialattentiontotheadministrationbeingemphasizedtoestablishingMIS’ssystem,andcausingtheadministrationtechniqueheadfortheageing.B.Themessageisthedecisionofstrategicimportancefoundation,andMISsuppliesthemessageserviceintheinterestofdirectoratalltimes.C.DirectorcausessuchmanagementprogramgettingintouchwithtogetherwiththeconcreteprofessionalworkmaneuverbymeansofMIS.notmerelybig-and-middle-sizedbusinessuniversallyestablishMISsomesmall-sizebusinessalsonotexceptionsofself,universallyestablishthecommunaldata3network,liketheelectronicmailandelectrondataexchangeandsoon,MISsuppliedthewellsupportenvironmenttotheapplicationofIntranet’stechniquetospeedilydevelopingofINTERNETespeciallyinthepastfewyearsintheinterestofthebusiness.Throughinternationaltechniquedevelopmenttendencyissee,inthe90’s20centurieshadarisensomekindsofbrand-newadministrationtechnique.1.BusinessProcessesRebuild(BPR)Abusinessshouldvaluecorrectlytimeandproducequality,manufacturingcostandtechnicalserviceandsoonseveralsectionadministrations,gripatthemomentorganizationandtheprocesscomposeoncemore,andcompletesthatmeritoriousservicecapacityintegrationist,operationprocessizationandorganizationformfluctuation.Shallactastheserviceveerofmiddlelayermanagementpersonnelstaffthedecisionofstrategicimportanceofthedirectorservice?2.IntelligentizationDecisionSupportSystem(IDSS)Theintelligentizationdecisionofstrategicimportancesupportsystemwassufficientlyconsiderdemandandtheworkdistinguishingfeatureofbusinesshigherlevelpersonnelstaff.3.LeanProduction(LP)Applicationgivebirthtoontime,comprehensivequalitycontrolandparallelprojectthatpickedamountisgivenbirthtoandsoonthetechnique,theutmostproductdesigncuttingdownandproductioncycle,raiseproducequalityandcutsdownthereproducedgoodstoreserve,andislivinginthemanufacturepromotecorpsessence,inordertomeetthedemandthatclientcontinuouslychanges.4.AgileManufacture(AM)Onekindofbusinessadministrationpatternthatpossessthevision,suchdistinguishingfeatureisworkersandstaffmembers’qualityishigh,andtheorganizationsimplifiesandthemulti-purposegroupeffectivenessGAOmessageloadingisagileandanswersclientrequiresswiftly.2.TheEffectToTheBusinessAdministrationofMISDevelopmentTheeffecttothebusinessadministrationofthemanagementinformationsystemdevelopmentisadministeredthechangetobusinessandbusinessadministrationofinformationsystemdevelopmentandcomeintobeingandiscomingintobeingthefar-reachingeffectwith.Decisionofstrategicimportance,particularlystrategicdecision-makingmaybeassistedbytheadministrationinformationsystem,anditsgoodorbaddirectlyaffectslivingandthedevelopmentupthebusiness.TheMISisimpedingtheorientationdevelopmentthattheadministrationmeansoneanotherunitesthroughqualityandration.Thisexpresstoutilizetheadministrationinthecalculationwiththedifferentmathematicalmodeltheprobleminthequantitativeanalysisbusiness.Thepastadministerthattheproblemisdifficulttotest,butMISmayunitetheadministrationnecessaries,andsupplythesufficientdata,andsimulatestoproduce4thetermintheinterestoftheadministration.InthewakeofthedevelopmentofMIS,muchbusinesssitupthedecentralizedmessageconcentrationtoestablishtheinformationsystemministryofdirectlyunderdirector,andthechiefofinformationsystemministryisordinarilyintheinterestofassistantmanager’sgrade.Aftertheauthorityofbusinessiscentralizeduphigh-qualityadministrationpersonnelstaff’shand,asifcausingmuchsectionsofficeworkdecrease,hencesomeoneprophesy,middlelayermanagementshallvanish.Inreality,thereappearancephaseemployedlayermanagementamongtheinformationsystemqueennotmerelynottodecrease,onthecontrarytherebeingtheincreaseabit.Thisisfor,althoughthemiddlelayermanagementpersonnelstaffgettingoffexonerateoutthroughloadeddownwithtrivialdetailsdailyroutine,yetneedsthemtoanalysesresearchingworkinthewayofevenmoreenergy,liftfurtheradmonishingthedecisionofstrategicimportancelevel.InthewakeofthedevelopmentofMIS,thebusinesscontinuouslyaddstothedemandofhightechniqueatalentedperson,butthescarcethingofcapabilityshallbewashedoutgradually.Thiscompelspeoplebymeansofstudyandcultivating,andcontinuouslyliftsindividual’squality.InThewakeofthenewsdispatchandelectricnetworkandfiletransmissionsystemdevelopment,businessstaffmemberisondutyinmanybeinglivingincomparablyeitherthehome.Havingcausedthatcorporationsavetheexpensesenormously,theworkefficiencyobviouslymovesupwardAmericanRankZeroscorporationtheofficesystemonthenet,intheinterestofthecreativityofraiseofficepersonnelstaffwasproducedtheadvantageousterm.Atthemomentmanycountriesarefermentingonekindofmorewell-developedmanufacturingindustrystrategy,andbecomequicklymanufacturingthebusiness.Itcompletelyonthebasisoftheuserrequirementorganizationdesigntogetherwithmanufacture,maycarryonthelarge-scalecooperationintheinterestofidenticalproducebymeansofthebusinessthattheflowwasshiftedthedistinctdistricts,andbymeansoftheoncemoreprogrammingtothemachinerywithtotheresourcesandthereorganizationofpersonnelstaff,constitutedafreshaffricationsystem,andcausesthatmanufacturingcosttogetherwithlotnearlyhavenothingtodowith.Quicklymanufacturingthebusinessestablishesawholecompletelynewstrategydependencerelationagainstconsumer,andisabletoarousethestructureofproductiononcemorerevolution.Themanagementinformationsystemistowardstheself-adoptionandSelf-learningorientationdevelopment,thedecisionprocedureofimitationmanwhoisbeabletobebetter.SomeentrepreneursofthewestvainlyhopethatconsummateMISisencirclesthemagicdrugtogovernthebusinessallkindsofdiseases;Yetalsosomeonesays,andwhatitistoomanyisdependentonthedefeatthatMISbeabletocauseontheadministration.ItisadaptableeachothertocomprehendtheeffecttothebusinessofMIS,andisfavorofustobelivingindevelopmentandtheresearchwork,andcausesthebusinessorganizationandadministerthebetterdevelopmentagainstMISofsystemandadministrationmeans,andestablishmorevalidMIS.5英文翻譯文章的出處:RussBasiura,MikeBatongbacal管理信息系統(tǒng)管理信息系統(tǒng)就是我們常說的MIS(ManagementInformationSystem),在強調(diào)管理，強調(diào)信息的現(xiàn)代社會中它變得越來越重要、越來越普及。MIS是一門新的學科，它跨越了若干個領(lǐng)域，比如管理科學、系統(tǒng)科學、運籌學、統(tǒng)計學以及計算機科學。在這些學科的基礎上，形成信息收集和加工的方法，從而形成一個縱橫交織的系統(tǒng)。1(管理信息系統(tǒng)概述20世紀，隨著全球經(jīng)濟的蓬勃發(fā)展，眾多經(jīng)濟學家紛紛提出了新的管理理論。20世紀50年代，西蒙提出管理依賴于信息和決策的思想。同時期的維娜發(fā)表了控制論，他認為管理是一個控制過程。1958年，蓋爾寫到:“管理將以較低的成本得到及時的、準確的信息，做到較好的控制”。這個時期，計算機開始用于會計工作。數(shù)據(jù)處理一詞已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。1970年，WalterT.Kennevan給剛剛出現(xiàn)的管理信息系統(tǒng)一詞下了一個定義:“以扣頭或書面的形式，在合適的時間向經(jīng)理、職員以及外界人員提供過去的、現(xiàn)在的、預測未來的有關(guān)企業(yè)內(nèi)部及其環(huán)境的信息，以幫助他們進行決策”。在這個定義里強調(diào)了用信息支持決策，但并沒有強調(diào)應用模型，沒有提到計算機的應用。1985年，管理信息系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)始人，名尼蘇達大學的管理學教授GordonB.Davis給了管理信息系統(tǒng)一個較為完整的定義，即“管理信息系統(tǒng)是一個利用計算機軟硬件資源以及數(shù)據(jù)庫的人-機系統(tǒng)。它能提供信息支持企業(yè)或組織的運行、管理和決策功能。”這個定義全面的說明了管理信息系統(tǒng)的目標、功能和組成，而且反映了管理信息系統(tǒng)在當時達到的水平。1.1管理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史管理信息系統(tǒng)在初級階段是統(tǒng)計系統(tǒng)，所研究的內(nèi)容是數(shù)量數(shù)據(jù)間表面的規(guī)律，它可以把數(shù)據(jù)分成較相關(guān)和較不相關(guān)的組，然后把數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為信息。6第二階段是數(shù)據(jù)更新系統(tǒng)，其典型代表是美國航空公司于20世紀50年代建成的SABRE預約訂票系統(tǒng)。它設有1008個訂票點，可以存取600000個旅客記錄和27000個飛行段記錄。它的操作比較復雜，在任何“點”都可以查到某一航班是否有空座位。但從概念上來講，它只是一個數(shù)據(jù)更新系統(tǒng)，比如它不能告訴你以現(xiàn)在的售票速度何時票將售完，從而采取補救措施。因而它也是管理信息系統(tǒng)的低級階段。第三階段是狀態(tài)報告系統(tǒng)，它可以分成生產(chǎn)狀況報告、服務狀態(tài)報告和研究狀態(tài)報告等系統(tǒng)。比如生產(chǎn)狀況報告系統(tǒng)，它的典型代表是IBM公司的生產(chǎn)管理系統(tǒng)。眾所周知，IBM公司是世界上最大的計算機公司，1964年它生產(chǎn)出中型計算機IBM360，使計算機的水平提高了一個臺階，但同時組織生產(chǎn)的管理工作卻大大復雜化了，一臺計算機又超過15000個不同的部件，每個部件又有若干個元件，加之IBM的工廠遍及美國各地，不同的訂貨有不同的部件和不同的元件，必須指出什么工廠什么設備生產(chǎn)什么元件，因此不僅生產(chǎn)復雜，裝配、安裝和運輸都十分復雜。為了保證生產(chǎn)以及其他環(huán)節(jié)的順利進行，必須要有一個以計算機為基礎的生產(chǎn)狀態(tài)報告系統(tǒng)。因此同年IBM建立了先進管理系統(tǒng)AAS,它能進行450個業(yè)務的操作。1968年，公司又建立了公用制造信息系統(tǒng)CMIS,運行很成功，過去需要15周的工作，該系統(tǒng)只用3周就可以完成。狀態(tài)報告系統(tǒng)還有一種形式是數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)，它用來處理日常業(yè)務和生產(chǎn)報告，重點在于將手工作業(yè)自動化，提高效率和節(jié)省人力。數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)一般不能提供決策信息。最后的階段是決策支持系統(tǒng)，它是用來輔助決策的信息系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可以計劃、分析方案，審查解答和求解的誤差。它應有較好的人-機對話方式，可以和不怎么熟悉計算機的人員通話。它一般包括一些模型用以產(chǎn)生決策信