物流外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯及外文原文及譯文-3d游戲開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)研究與實(shí)現(xiàn)-游戲界面、圖形渲染、網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能

外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文原稿LogisticsfromtheEnglishword"logistics",theoriginalintentofthemilitarylogisticssupport,inthesecondsideafterWorldWarIIhasbeenwidelyusedintheeconomicfield.LogisticsManagementAssociationoftheUnitedStatesisdefinedasthelogistics,"Logisticsistomeettheneedsofconsumersofrawmaterials,intermediateproducts,finalproductsandrelatedinformationtotheconsumerfromthebeginningtotheeffectiveflowandstorage,implementationandcontroloftheprocessof."Logisticsconsistsoffourkeycomponents:therealflow,realstorage,andmanagementtocoordinatetheflowofinformation.Theprimaryfunctionoflogisticsistocreatetimeandspaceeffectivenessoftheeffectivenessofthemainwaystoovercomethespacethroughthestoragedistance.Third-partylogisticsinthelogisticschannelservicesprovidedbybrokers,middlemenintheformofthecontractwithinacertainperiodoftimerequiredtoprovidelogisticsservicesinwholeorinpart.Isathird-partylogisticscompaniesfortheexternalcustomermanagement,controlandoperationoftheprovisionoflogisticsservicescompany.Accordingtostatistics,currentlyusedinEuropetheproportionofthird-partylogisticsservicesfor76percent,theUnitedStatesisabout58%,andthedemandisstillgrowing;24percentinEuropeandtheUnitedStates33%ofnon-third-partylogisticsserviceusersareactivelyconsideringtheuseofthird-partylogisticsservices.Asathird-partylogisticstoimprovethespeedofmaterialflow,warehousingcostsandfinancialsavingsinthecosteffectivemeansofpassers-by,hasbecomeincreasinglyattractedgreatattention.First,theadvantagesofusingathird-partylogisticsTheuseofthird-partylogisticsenterprisescanyieldmanybenefits,mainlyreflectedin:1,focusoncorebusinessManufacturerscanuseathird-partylogisticscompaniestoachieveoptimaldistributionofresources,limitedhumanandfinancialresourcestoconcentrateontheircoreenergy,tofocusonthedevelopmentofbasicskills,developnewproductsintheworldcompetition,andenhancethecorecompetitivenessofenterprises.2,cost-savingProfessionaluseofthird-partylogisticsproviders,theprofessionaladvantagesofmassproductionandcostadvantages,byprovidingthelinkcapacityutilizationtoachievecostsavings,sothatenterprisescanbenefitfromtheseparationofthecoststructure.Manufacturingenterpriseswiththeexpansionofmarketingservicestoparticipateinanydegreeofdepth,wouldgiverisetoasubstantialincreaseincosts,onlytheuseofprofessionalservicesprovidedbypublicservices,inordertominimizeadditionallosses.UniversityofTennesseeinaccordancewiththeUnitedStates,UnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStatesEXELcompanyEMST&YOUNGconsultingfirmco-organizedasurvey:alotofcargothatenablethemtousethird-partylogisticslogisticscostsdeclinedbyanaverageof1.18percent,theaverageflowofgoodsfrom7.1daysto3.9days,stock8.2%lower.3,reductionofinventoryThird-partylogisticsserviceproviderswithwell-plannedlogisticsandtimelydeliverymeans,tominimizeinventory,improvecashflowoftheenterprisetoachievecostadvantages.4,enhancethecorporateimageThird-partylogisticsserviceprovidersandcustomersisastrategicpartnership,theuseofthird-partylogisticsproviderofcomprehensivefacilitiesandtrainedstaffonthewholesupplychaintoachievecompletecontrol,reducingthecomplexityoflogistics,throughtheirownnetworkstohelpimprovecustomerservice,notonlytoestablishtheirownbrandimage,butalsocustomersinthecompetition.Second,ThepurposeoftheimplementationoflogisticsmanagementThepurposeoftheimplementationoflogisticsmanagementistothelowestpossibletotalcostofconditionstoachievetheestablishedlevelofcustomerservice,orserviceadvantagesandseekcostadvantagesofadynamicequilibrium,andthuscreatecompetitiveenterprisesinthestrategicadvantage.Accordingtothisgoal,logisticsmanagementtosolvethebasicproblem,simplyput,istotherightproductstofitthenumberandtherightpriceattherighttimeandsuitablesitesavailabletocustomers.Logisticsmanagementsystemsthatusemethodstosolvetheproblem.ModernLogisticsnormallybeconsideredbythetransport,storage,packaging,handling,processingincirculation,distributionandinformationconstitutepartofall.Allhavetheirownpartoftheoriginalfunctions,interestsandconcepts.Systemapproachistheuseofmodernmanagementmethodsandmoderntechnologysothatallaspectsofinformationsharingingeneral,allthelinksasanintegratedsystemfororganizationandmanagement,sothatthesystemcanbeaslowaspossibleundertheconditionsofthetotalcost,providedthereCompetitiveadvantageofcustomerservice.Systemsapproachthatthesystemisnottheeffectivenessoftheirvariouslocallinks-effectivesimplesum.Systemmeansthat,there'sacertainaspectsoftheproblemandwanttoallofthefactorsaffectingtheanalysisandevaluation.Fromthisideaofthelogisticssystemisnotsimplythepursuitoftheirowninvariousareasofthelowestcost,becausethelogisticsofthelinkbetweenthebenefitsofmutualinfluence,thetendencyofmutualconstraints,thereistheturnoftherelationshipbetweenvulnerability.Forexample,toomuchemphasisonpackagingmaterialssavings,itcouldcausedamagebecauseoftheireasytotransportandhandlingcostsincreased.Therefore,thesystemsapproachstressestheneedtocarryoutthetotalcostanalysis,andtoavoidthesecondbesteffectandweighthecostoftheanalysis,soastoachievethelowestcost,whilemeetingtheestablishedlevelofcustomerservicepurposes.Third,China'senterprisesintheuseofthird-partylogisticsproblemsinWhilethird-partylogisticscompanyhasmanyadvantages,butnotmanyenterpriseswillbemoreoutsourcingofthelogisticsbusiness,thereasonsboildownto:1,resistancetochangeManycompaniesdonotwantthewaythroughthelogisticsoutsourcingeffortstochangethecurrentmode.Inparticular,somestate-ownedenterprises,wereflowwillalsomeanthatthedismissalofoutsourcingalargenumberofemployees,whichthemanagersofstate-ownedenterpriseswouldmeanaverygreatrisk.2,lackofawarenessForthird-partylogisticsenterprise'sgenerallylowlevelofawareness,lackofawarenessofenterprisesupplychainmanagementintheenterpriseofthegreatroleinthecompetition.3,fearoflosingcontrolAsaresultoftheimplementationofsupplychaincompaniesinenhancingthecompetitivenessoftheimportantrolethatmanycompanieswouldratherhaveasmallbutcompletelogisticsdepartmentandtheydonotpreferthesefunctionswillbehandedovertoothers,themainreasonsitisworriedthatiftheylosetheinternallogisticscapabilities,customerswillbeexchangesandover-relianceonotherthird-partylogisticscompanies.4,thelogisticsoutsourcinghasitsowncomplexitySupplychainlogisticsbusinessandcompaniesareusuallyotherservices,suchasfinance,marketingorproductionofintegratedlogisticsoutsourcingitselfwithcomplexity.Onanumberofpracticalbusiness,includingtheintegrationoftransportandstoragemayleadtoorganizational,administrativeandimplementationproblems.Inaddition,thecompany'sinternalinformationsystemintegrationfeatures,makingthelogisticsbusinesstoathirdpartylogisticscompanieshavebecomeverydifficulttooperate.5,tomeasuretheeffectoflogisticsoutsourcingbymanyfactorsAccuratelymeasurethecostofinformationtechnology,logisticsandhumanresourcesmoredifficult.Itisdifficulttodeterminethelogisticsoutsourcingcompaniesintheendbeabletobringthecostofhowmanypotentialgoodthings.Inaddition,alltheuniquenessofthecompany'sbusinessandcorporatesupplychainoperationalcapability,isusuallynotconsideredtobeinternaltotheexternalpublicinformation,itisdifficulttoaccuratelycomparetheinter-companysupplychainoperationalcapability.Althoughsomemanufacturershavebeenawareoftheuseofthird-partylogisticscompaniescanbringalotofgoodthings,butinpracticalapplicationsareoftendividedintoseveralsteps,atthesametimechooseanumberoflogisticsserviceprovidersaspartnersinordertoavoidthebusinessbyalogisticsserviceprovidersbroughtaboutbydependence.Fourth,China'sthird-partylogisticscompaniesinthedevelopmentoftheproblemsencounteredAsuccessfullogisticscompany,theoperatormusthavealargerscale,theestablishmentofeffectiveregionalcoveragearea,withastrongcommandandcontrolcenterwiththehighstandardofintegratedtechnical,financialresourcesandbusinessstrategy.China'sthird-partylogisticscompaniesinthedevelopmentoftheproblemsencounteredcanbesummarizedasfollows:1,operatingmodelAtpresent,mostoftheworld'slargestlogisticscompaniestaketheheadofficeandbranchsystem,centralizedheadquarters-stylelogisticsoperationtotaketotheimplementationofverticalbusinessmanagement.Theestablishmentofamodernlogisticsenterprisemusthaveastrong,flexiblecommandandcontrolcentertocontroltheentirelogisticsoperationsandcoordination.Realmustbeamodernlogisticscenter,aprofitcenter,businessorganizations,theframework,theinstitutionalformofeverymatchwithacenter.China'slogisticsenterprisesintheoperatingmodeoftheproblemsofforeignlogisticsenterprisesinthemanagementmodelshouldbefromthedomesticlogisticsenterprises.2,thelackofstorageortransportcapacityTheprimaryfunctionoflogisticsistocreatetimeandspaceutilitytheft.FornowChina'sthird-partylogisticsenterprises,somecompaniesfocusonstorage,lackoftransportcapacity;othercompaniesisalotoftransportvehiclesandwarehousesthroughoutthecountrylittlebyrentingwarehousestocompletethecommunity'scommitmenttocustomers.3,networkproblemsThereareafewlargecompanieshavethelogisticsoftheentirevehiclecargostoragenetworkornetworks,butthenetworkcoverageareaisnotperfect.Customersinthechoiceoflogisticspartner,areveryconcernedaboutnetworkcoverageandnetworkofregionalbranchesofthedensityproblem.Thebuildingofthenetworkshouldbeofgreatimportancetologisticsenterprises.4,informationtechnologyTheworld'slargestlogisticsenterpriseshave"three-classnetwork",thatis,ordersforinformationflow,resources,globalsupplychainnetwork,theglobalResourceNetworkusersandcomputerinformationnetwork.Withthemanagementofadvancedcomputertechnology,thesecustomersarealsothelogisticsoftheproductionofhighvalue-addedproductsbusiness,thedomesticlogisticsenterprisesmustincreaseinvestmentininformationsystemscanchangetheirmarketposition.Concentrationandintegrationisthethird-partylogisticstrendsinthedevelopmentofenterprises.Thereasonsare:firstly,thecompanyintendstomajoraspectsofsupplychainoutsourcingtothelowestpossiblenumberofseverallogisticscompanies;thesecond,theestablishmentofanefficientglobalthirdpartylogisticsinputsrequiredforincreasingthecapital;thethirdManythird-partylogisticsprovidersthroughmergersandjointapproachestoexpanditsservicecapabilities.譯文物流已廣泛應(yīng)用于經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中的英文單詞“物流”，軍事后勤保障的原意，在二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后的第二面。美國(guó)物流管理協(xié)會(huì)物流被定義為：“物流是為滿足消費(fèi)者的需求，原料，中間產(chǎn)品，最終產(chǎn)品及相關(guān)信息的消費(fèi)者從一開(kāi)始就有效流動(dòng)和儲(chǔ)存，實(shí)施和控制的過(guò)程中?！蔽锪饔伤膫€(gè)主要部分：真正的流量，實(shí)時(shí)存儲(chǔ)，管理，協(xié)調(diào)的信息流。物流的主要功能是創(chuàng)建時(shí)間和空間的有效性的主要方式，通過(guò)存儲(chǔ)以克服空間距離。第三方物流在物流渠道由經(jīng)紀(jì)人提供的服務(wù)，中間商的合同的形式在一定期限內(nèi)的時(shí)間要求提供全部或部分物流服務(wù)。是為外部客戶管理，控制和提供物流服務(wù)的公司運(yùn)作的第三方物流公司。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，目前在歐洲使用第三方物流服務(wù)的比例為76％，美國(guó)是58％左右，而需求仍在增長(zhǎng)，24％在歐洲和美國(guó)33％的非第三方物流服務(wù)用戶正積極考慮使用第三方物流服務(wù)。作為第三方物流提高速度的物流，倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)成本和財(cái)務(wù)儲(chǔ)蓄路人成本的有效手段，已成為越來(lái)越備受關(guān)注。首先，使用第三方物流的優(yōu)勢(shì)使用第三方物流企業(yè)可以帶來(lái)很多好處，主要體現(xiàn)在：1，專注于核心業(yè)務(wù)制造商可以使用一個(gè)第三方物流公司，以達(dá)到最佳的資源，有限的人力和財(cái)力資源分布集中于自己的核心能量，注重基本技能的發(fā)展，開(kāi)發(fā)新的產(chǎn)品在世界上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，并增強(qiáng)企業(yè)的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的企業(yè)。2，節(jié)約成本的專業(yè)的第三方物流供應(yīng)商，大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的專業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)和成本優(yōu)勢(shì)，通過(guò)提供鏈路容量的利用率，實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)約成本，使企業(yè)可以受益于成本結(jié)構(gòu)分離。制造企業(yè)擴(kuò)大營(yíng)銷服務(wù)任何程度的深入?yún)⑴c，將帶來(lái)成本大幅增加，只有使用專業(yè)服務(wù)，提供公共服務(wù)，以盡量減少額外的損失。田納西大學(xué)根據(jù)與美國(guó)，英國(guó)及美國(guó)EXEL公司EMST＆YOUNG咨詢公司共同組織了一個(gè)調(diào)查：很多貨物，使他們能夠使用第三方物流的物流成本平均下降1.18％，貨物平均流量從7.1天到3.9天，庫(kù)存下降8.2％。3，減少庫(kù)存第三方物流服務(wù)供應(yīng)商精心策劃的物流和及時(shí)交付手段，最大限度地降低庫(kù)存，提高現(xiàn)金流的企業(yè)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)成本優(yōu)勢(shì)。4，提升企業(yè)形象第三方物流服務(wù)提供商與客戶的戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系，利用完備的設(shè)施和訓(xùn)練有素的工作人員的第三方物流供應(yīng)商在整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈實(shí)現(xiàn)完全的控制，減少物流的復(fù)雜性，通過(guò)自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，以幫助提高客戶服務(wù)，不僅要樹(shù)立自己的品牌形象，但也有客戶在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中。二，實(shí)施物流管理的目的實(shí)施物流管理的目的就是以最低的總成本條件下實(shí)現(xiàn)既定水平的客戶服務(wù)，或服務(wù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，尋求成本優(yōu)勢(shì)的一種動(dòng)態(tài)平衡，從而創(chuàng)造有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略優(yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)這一目標(biāo)，物流管理要解決的基本問(wèn)題，簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，是合適的產(chǎn)品在合適的時(shí)間和合適的地點(diǎn)提供給客戶的數(shù)量和合適的價(jià)格，以適應(yīng)。物流管理系統(tǒng)使用的方法來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。通常被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代物流運(yùn)輸，倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)，包裝，裝卸，流通加工，配送和信息的所有組成部分。都有自己的原有的功能，利益和觀念的一部分。系統(tǒng)方法是運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代管理方法和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，使各方面的信息共享在一般情況下，作為一個(gè)集成系統(tǒng)的組織和管理的所有環(huán)節(jié)，從而使該系統(tǒng)可以盡可能低的條件下，總成本，提供有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的客戶服務(wù)。系統(tǒng)方法，該系統(tǒng)的有效性是不是他們的各種本地鏈路有效的簡(jiǎn)單相加。系統(tǒng)意味著，有一個(gè)某些方面的問(wèn)題，并希望所有的因素影響的分析和評(píng)價(jià)。從物流系統(tǒng)的這種想法是不單純追求對(duì)自己在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，以最低的成本，因?yàn)槲锪鞯暮锰幹g的聯(lián)系，相互影響，相互制約的傾向，有轉(zhuǎn)之間的關(guān)系漏洞。例如，過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)包裝材料的節(jié)約，它可能會(huì)造成的損害，因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)菀走\(yùn)輸和處理成本增加。因此，系統(tǒng)的方法，強(qiáng)調(diào)有必要開(kāi)展的總成本分析，以避免第二個(gè)最好的效果，并權(quán)衡成本進(jìn)行了分析，從而達(dá)到以最低的成本，同時(shí)滿足既定水平的客戶服務(wù)目的。三，中國(guó)的企業(yè)在使用第三方物流的問(wèn)題雖然第三方物流公司有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但沒(méi)有多少企業(yè)將更多的物流業(yè)務(wù)外包，原因可歸結(jié)為：1，變革的阻力很多企業(yè)不想要的方式，通過(guò)物流外包的力度，改變目前的模式。尤其是一些國(guó)有企業(yè)，流量也將意味著解雇外包了大量的員工，國(guó)有企業(yè)的管理者將意味著很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。2，缺乏認(rèn)識(shí)對(duì)于第三方物流企業(yè)的認(rèn)識(shí)水平普遍偏低，缺乏意識(shí)的企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈管理的企業(yè)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的巨大作用。3，害怕失去控制實(shí)施供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)提升競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的重要作用，許多公司寧愿有一個(gè)小而完整的物流部門，他們不喜歡這些功能將被移交給別人，主要的原因是由于它擔(dān)心如果失去內(nèi)部物流能力，客戶將交流與其他第三方物流公司的過(guò)度依賴。4，物流外包有其自身的復(fù)雜性供應(yīng)鏈物流業(yè)務(wù)的公司以及其他服務(wù)，如財(cái)務(wù)，營(yíng)銷或生產(chǎn)的綜合物流外包本身的復(fù)雜性。在一些實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)，包括運(yùn)輸和存儲(chǔ)的整合可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致組織，行政和執(zhí)行的問(wèn)題。此外，公司的內(nèi)部信息系統(tǒng)集成功能，使得物流企業(yè)向第三方物流企業(yè)已經(jīng)變得非常難以操作。5，衡量物流外包的效果受多種因素準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量的成本信息技術(shù)，物流和人力資源更加困難。這是很難確定物流外包的企業(yè)到底能夠帶來(lái)多少潛在的好東西的成本。此外，該公司的業(yè)務(wù)及企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈運(yùn)作能力的獨(dú)特性，通常不被認(rèn)為是內(nèi)部到外部的公共信息，這是很難準(zhǔn)確地比較公司間的供應(yīng)鏈運(yùn)作能力。雖然有些廠家已經(jīng)意識(shí)到使用第三方物流公司可以帶來(lái)很多好東西，但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中往往分為幾個(gè)步驟，同時(shí)選擇一批物流服務(wù)供應(yīng)商作為合作伙伴，以避免業(yè)務(wù)依賴所帶來(lái)的物流服務(wù)供應(yīng)商。四，中國(guó)的第三方物流企業(yè)在發(fā)展中遇到的問(wèn)題一個(gè)成功的物流公司，運(yùn)營(yíng)商必須有一個(gè)較大的規(guī)模，建立有效的區(qū)域覆蓋面積，高水準(zhǔn)的綜合技術(shù)，財(cái)務(wù)資源和經(jīng)營(yíng)戰(zhàn)略具有強(qiáng)大的指揮和控制中心。中國(guó)第三方物流企業(yè)在發(fā)展中遇到的問(wèn)題可以概括如下：1，經(jīng)營(yíng)模式目前，世界上最大的物流公司大多數(shù)采取總行及分行系統(tǒng)，總部集中式物流運(yùn)作，采取垂直業(yè)務(wù)管理的實(shí)施。建立現(xiàn)代物流企業(yè)必須有一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的，靈活的指揮和控制中心來(lái)控制整個(gè)物流運(yùn)作和協(xié)調(diào)。雷亞爾必須是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的物流中心，利潤(rùn)中心，企業(yè)組織，框架，體制形式，每場(chǎng)比賽的中心。中國(guó)物流企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)模式的問(wèn)題，國(guó)外物流企業(yè)的管理模式應(yīng)該是從國(guó)內(nèi)物流企業(yè)。2，缺乏儲(chǔ)存或運(yùn)輸能力物流的主要功能是建立時(shí)間和空間的實(shí)用程序盜竊。對(duì)于現(xiàn)在中國(guó)的第三方物流企業(yè)，一些公司專注于儲(chǔ)存，運(yùn)輸能力不足，其他公司是一個(gè)小租用倉(cāng)庫(kù)來(lái)完成對(duì)社會(huì)的承諾，客戶在全國(guó)各地大量的運(yùn)輸車輛和倉(cāng)庫(kù)。3，網(wǎng)絡(luò)問(wèn)題,有幾個(gè)大公司擁有的物流的整車貨物存儲(chǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)或網(wǎng)絡(luò)，但網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋范圍是不完美的?？蛻粼谶x擇物流合作伙伴，都非常關(guān)心的網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋和網(wǎng)絡(luò)區(qū)域分支機(jī)構(gòu)的密度問(wèn)題。網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建設(shè)應(yīng)該重視物流企業(yè)。4，信息技術(shù)全球最大的物流企業(yè)“的三級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，即定單信息流，資源，全球供應(yīng)鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)，用戶的全球資源網(wǎng)絡(luò)和計(jì)算機(jī)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)。隨著先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的管理，這些客戶是生產(chǎn)高附加值產(chǎn)品的企業(yè)的物流，國(guó)內(nèi)物流企業(yè)必須增加投資于信息系統(tǒng)，可以改變自己的市場(chǎng)地位。集中和整合是第三方物流企業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。原因是：首先，公司擬以盡可能少的幾家物流公司的供應(yīng)鏈外包的主要方面;第二，建立高效的全球第三方物流投入增加資本所需;第三，許多第三方物流供應(yīng)商通過(guò)兼并和聯(lián)合的方法來(lái)擴(kuò)大其服務(wù)能力。北京聯(lián)合大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文原文及譯文題目：3D游戲開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)研究與實(shí)現(xiàn)--游戲界面、圖形渲染、網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能專業(yè)：計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)指導(dǎo)教師：學(xué)院：師范學(xué)院學(xué)號(hào)：班級(jí)：計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)姓名：一、外文原文Collisiondetectiontechnologyandartificialintelligenttechnologycouldbeappliedinthedevelopmentofgame,aswellastheareasofeducation,virtualreality,historicpreservation,geo-informationsystem,scientificresearch,entertainmentandbusiness.So,thereinforcingfortheresearchon3Dgametechnologyhasgreatpracticalsignificance.Andthesuccessfulresearchanddevelopmentofcollisiondetectiontechnologyandartificialintelligenttechnologythataresuitablefor3Dgamewillhavehugetheoreticalsignificanceandpracticalsignificance,wideapplicationprospects.Withthedevelopmentof3Dgameasplatform,thisarticledeeplyresearchescollisiondetectionalgorithmandartificialintelligenttechnologyingame,focusesontheproblemoflargecalculationamount,slowcalculationspeedandimprecisecollisiondetectionforcollisiondetectionalgorithmtoimprovethecollisiondetectioningamebythemethodofcombiningclass-boundingboxesandsegmentdetectionmethodwithspacepartitionmethod,whichcouldeffectivelypromotestheprecisionandspeedofcollisiondetectionalgorithm.Inaddition,thisarticleperfectspathsearchalgorithmofgame,improvestheproblemsoflong-timesearch,slowsearchingspeedinA*pathsearchalgorithmbyimprovingthepathsearchmethodofA*algorithm,restrainingsearchscopeandaggravatingtheweightofheuristicfunction.COLLISIONDETECTIONALGORITHMTheBVH(boundingvolumehierarchy)incollisiondetectionalgorithmisoneofthemostwidelyusedcollisiondetectionmethods.ThecrossingtestamongBBBissimple,butthecompactnessofBBBcollisiondetectionalgorithmisbad.Thisarticlemakesimprovementforboundingvolume’scompactnessanddetectionmethodofAABBcollisiondetectionalgorithm.Improvetheidea:thecoreofcollisiondetectionalgorithmisrealtimeandprecision.Somegamecouldsacrificesomeprecisiontogetrealtime.ThesystemwilladoptcollisiondetectionalgorithmbasedonAABB,andimprovetheproblemofbadcompactnessandlargecalculationamountexistedinAABBcollisiondetectionalgorithmtocertainextent,withthepurposeofmakingtheimprovedcollisiondetectionalgorithmsimple,speedyandprecise.Improvementideamainlyincludesthefollowingaspects:1)applyBSPtodiscomposespaceofscenetoreducethecalculationamountforcollisiondetection;2)optimizeboundingvolume;3)putforwardsegmentcollisiondetectionalgorithmtopromotethespeedofAABBcollisiondetection.BSPdecompositionscene:theprecisionandspeedofcollisiondetectionistheimportantpropertyofgame.Ifwesupposethereare100objectsinworld,forRPGgame,systemhastomakecollisiondetectionfor100objectsand1002calculationsofcollisiondetection.Iftheareotherobjectsexistinginsystem,toolargecalculationamountandtoobadsystemperformancearedifficulttobeacceptedbyplayers.So,itisnecessarytopromotethespeedofcollisiondetection.Thisarticlemainlyprovidesthefollowingtwomethodstopromotethespeedofcollisiondetection.Firstly,asabovementioned,ifthegamesceneisnotdecomposed,collisiondetectionhastodetecteachobjectforcollision,butinthesedetections,mostofcollisiondetectionisuseless,so,precioustimeandresourcearewastedforidolworkinthisway.Thenhowtoreducethissituation?Consideringfromtheaspectofdatastructure,binominalmethodshallbeadoptedtodecomposescene.Binominalmethodcouldnotonlybeusedtomanagescene,butalsobeappliedintocollisiondetection.Binominalmethodcoulddivideobjectintodifferentarea.Eachunitcontainslittleobject,andcollisiondetectioncouldbedoneinlinewitharea.BSPtreehastheadvantagetotraversethreedimensionalspacesalongBSPtree.Foreachiteration,50%objectsthatareimpossibletoconflictintreedimensionalspacecouldbeeliminateduntilthecoincidentobjectisfound,bycomparingcentralsiblingnodesofobjects.Thismethodissimpleandspeedy,whichjustneedlog2N,orevenNstepforbadsituation,tofinishcollisiondetection.Therefore,theadoptionofBSPtreefordecompositionscenepromotesthespeedofcollisiondetectiontoagreatextentsoastoreducethecalculationamountforcollisiondetection.Secondly,thespeedofcollisiondetectioncouldbepromotedfromthepointofspace.Gamesceneincludesstaticanddynamicobject.Iftheboundingvolumesforthemareupdatedcontinuously,thiswillcostmanytimetocalculatetheboundingvolumeforalltheobjects,whichundoubtedlyincreasesunnecessarycalculation.Becausetheboundingvolumeofstaticdoesnotchange,soitisnotnecessarytoupdatetheirboundingvolume.Accordingly,objectinstaticscenehasalreadyconfirmeditsboundingvolumeincallingstage,anddoesnotupdatetheirboundingvolumes.Inordertoguaranteetheprecisionofcollisiondetection,theboundingvolumeofdynamicplayermustbeupdatedrealtime.Theadoptionofthismethodcouldreducethecalculationamountofcollisiondetectionalgorithmtoaverygreatextent,andpromotetherunningspeedofgame.Optimizeboundingvolume:inordertopromotetheprecisionofcollisiondetection.Butgamesceneincludesdynamicroleandstaticobject,iftheboundingvolumeofeveryobjectisupdatedrealtime,itwillincreaseunnecessarytimeforcalculation.Thus,AABBboundingvolumefortheobjectinsceneshallbeboundinlinewithclasswhendevelopingthisgame.Forthestaticobjectinscenesuchaswall,house,treeandotherobjectswithregularshape,onlyoneboundingvolumeshallbebound,andwillnotbeupdatedrealtime,thecollisiondetectioningamewillbeseriouslyaffected.Thesystemjustupdatestheboundingvolumeofdynamicrolerealtime.Thewidthofboundingvolumeshallbedesignedasthemaximumstridefortheactingmovementofrole.Iftheboundingvolumeistoosmall,thecollisiondetectionwillbeimprecise,andthecollisionwillshowsthephenomenonofdistortion;iftheboundingvolumeistoobig,therealtimeofcollisionwillbebad,so,aproperdesignofboundingvolumewillproducetheeffectofgettingtwofoldresultswithhalftheeffortforthecollisiondetectionbetweenobjects.Thesteplengthofdynamicrolealsoaffectstheprecisionofcollisiondetection.Ifthesteplengthofroleistoobig,thefollowingsituationsprobablyhappen:whenthepreviousframehasn’tcollidewithobject,thenextframeprobablyhasgonethroughthisobject,whichmeansthatthepenetrationsituationisveryeasytohappenfortheobjectsmallerthanthesteplengthofrole.Inordertopreventthepenetrating,thesteplengthofroleshallbeincreasedproperlyintheprocessofproducingcharacteranimation.Segmentcollisiondetectionalgorithm:gamesystemhaslowrequirementfortheprecisionofcollisiondetection,buthashigherrequirementfortherunningspeedofgame.Thestaticobjectingamescenedonotneedtotakecollisiondetection,andthecollisionwouldhappenonlybetweendynamicroleandstaticobject.Thescenemodelsofgamearemostlyregularobject,sotheadoptionofAABBboundingvolumeisenoughtoexpresstheobjectinsceneapproximately.ThecollisiondetectionfortwoAABBobjectsneedstocalculateatleastfor6times,while,ifmcollisiondetectionsaremadebeforecollision,6mcalculationsbetweenAABBpolygonsisneeded.Thisnotonlyhaslargecalculationamount,butalsowasteoftime,becasetheanswercouldbeobtainedonlywithmcalculationsifthereisnocollision.ThemethodforsolutionistomakecrossingtestwithrayandstaticAABBbeforethecollisionoftwoobjects.Inthisprocess,theAABBsidethatispossibletocollideisconfirmed,andisnotchangedintothesideofdynamicAABBroleandstaticAABBthatispossibletocollideuntiltwoobjectsisgoingtocollidesoastomakecollisiondetection.However,theopportunitytodecidetodisplaceraywithAABBboundingvolumeisobtainedthroughthedistanceofrayandAABBboundingvolumeofstaticobject.Withtheimprovedcollisiondetectionalgorithm,thecalculationamountdecreasesnearlyahalf.Thealgorithmisdescribedasfollows:1)selectthecentralpointSofboundingvolumeofplayerroleandthevectorVofmovingdirectionandmakearaywith(S,V)asparameter;2)utilizeBSPtreedecompositionmethodtoquicklyfindtheareathatisprobablytakecollisiondetection;3)takethecollisiondetectionfortherayandstaticAABBobject:estimatethedistancebetweenrayandstaticAABBobject,estimateAABBsidethatprobablycollide,eliminatethesidethatisimpossibletocollide,ifreachthesetthreshold,thencontinue;takecollisionOPTIMIZATIONOFALGORITHMLargestoragespaceandslowcalculationspeedisthebiggestdisadvantageofA*pathsearchalgorithm.Thisarticleadoptsthreemethodstooptimizeandimprovepathsearch.Withthemethodofgradingforpathsearch,A*algorithmembodiestheintelligenceofNPCinpathsearch,buthastwodefects:A*algorithmneedstomaintainheuristicinformation,presentnodeandexpandingnode,while,itneedsinnerstoragewithexponentialquantityforworstsituation,andobjectivepointsearchedbyA*algorithmarebothstatic,buttheplayerroleinthissystemisdynamic,thisobviouslyincreasesthecomplexityforpathsearch.A*pathsearchisratherdifficulttoachieve.So,itisnecessarytoimproveA*pathsearchalgorithm.Byobservation，wefindthatalltheoptimalroutesarethestraightlinebetweenstartingpointandobjectivepointintheconditionofnoobstacle.Ifthereisobstacle,eachturningpointmustlocateinthepeakofconvexpolygonofobstacle.Onthebasisoftheaboveideaforsearchingpath,thissystemadoptsgradingpathsearchmethod,whichmeansthatnon-playerroleapproachobjectatthepathwithoutobstacle,A*algorithmshallbeusedforpathsearchwhenthedistancebetweennon-playerroleandobstaclereachessetthresholdd,thentheoptimalnodeshallbeselectedrealtimetochangepath.Forthemovementinthestraightlineoftwopoints,theextendingnodeisverylittle,andcalculationamountisverysmall.Figure1isthesketchmapforthegradingpathsearchmethodadoptedinthisarticle,amongwhichstartingpointindicatesNPC,objectivepointindicatesplayerrole.UisthemovingdirectionofNPC,Vismovingdirectionofplayerrole.ThepartfromstartingpointNPCtonodeadoptspathmovementofstraightline.WhenthedistancebetweenNPCandobstaclereachesthresholdd,theimprovedA*algorithmshallbeusedtomakeregularpathsearch.Segmentpathsearchmethodwillgreatlyreducethesearchingtimes,andwouldnotincreasethesearchingtimefortheincreaseofdistance.Figure1:thesketchmapofsegmentpathsearchThestepsofimprovedalgorithm:1)letcoordinatepointSofnon-playerroleasstartingnodeandcoordinatepointGofplayerroleasobjectivenode;2)calculated=|G-S|;3)ifd<D(thresholdsetbypeople),NPCisactivated,otherwise,turnbackto1);4)pathsearchinstraightline,runafterplayerrolealongthedirectionofray;5)ifthereisobstacleQinpath,calculate|Q-S|;eq\o\ac(○,1)if|Q-S|<k((thresholdsetbypeople),calltheimprovedA*algorithm;eq\o\ac(○,2)otherwise,turnbackto5);6)turnto4).repeat.EXPERIMENTALRESULTANDANALYSISCollisiondetectionalgorithm:inthisprocedure,theactionrespondingtocollisionisthatvirtualcharacterslidesalongtheedgeoftheobjectcollidingsoastoavoidobstacle.Inthisprocess,youhavetopayattentiontothesituationthatdis0.ThisexperimentadoptsAABBcollisiondetectionalgorithmandimprovedalgorithm.Then,comparetheexperimentaldataofstorage’scallingtimeandgame’srenderingfrequencyoftwoalgorithms,where100groupsofexperimentaldataarecollectedforprovisionandtheaverageforrandomselectionof10groupsismadeforcomparison.Thecomparisonofexperimentalresultsisshowninfigure2andfigure3.

二、譯文碰撞檢測(cè)技術(shù)和人工智能技術(shù)可以