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英語(yǔ)閱讀(一)年月真題
0059520194
1、【單選題】Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Rajis
amiddle-agedman.Althoughhewasbominapoorfamily,hewasraisedwell.His
fatherownedawelding(焊接)shop,andusedtoworkformorethan12hoursaday,
sothathisfamilycouldleadacomfortablelife.However,Raj’sfathercouldnot
earnsufficientmoneytoprovideadecentlifetohisfamily.Beinganaverage
studentinschool,Rajusedtoscorearound70percentmarks.Raj’sdreamwasto
becomeadoctor.Sincehismarksweren’tveryhigh,hecouldnotgetthedesired
course.Instead,hejoinedabachelor’sdegreecourse,completedthecourse
successfully,andgotajobinacompany.Whilehislifewasgoingonwithno
dramaticchange,hisfathercontinuedtoworkinhisweldingshop,sothathedid
nothavetodependonRaj.Aftergettingapermanentjob,Rajgotmarriedandat
thesametimewasalsopromotedinhisjob.Later,Rajbegantoearnahandsome
salary,andstartedtoliveluxuriously.Heboughtanewhouse.Althoughhis
companyprovidedhimwithacar,Rajpurchasedanewcar!Afteranextravagant(奢
侈的)lifethatlastedalmost6to7years,Rajwasneitherabletomanageallthe
householdexpenses,norpayforthechildren'seducationandotherbasic
necessities.ItsohappenedthatRaj'sfatherfellsick,andasaresult,could
notcontinuehiswork.HerequestedRajtogivehimsomemoney.Raj,
alreadysufferingfromfinancialcrisis,refusedtohelp.Afteraweek,whileRaj
wasonanofficialtour,hemetaboyagedabout10yearssellingtoys.Theboy
requestedRajtobuysomething.Rajaskedtheboywhyhewassellingtoysinstead
ofstudying.Theboyreplied,“Myfatherhadanaccident.Hecannotworknow.My
motherworksasamaid.I’mhelpingmyparentsbysellingthesetoys.Igoto
schoolinthemorning,andselltoysintheevening.Iworkforthreehoursaday
andstudyatnight!”Rajpurchasedafewtoysfromthelittleboy.Hethought
aboutwhattheboyhadsaid.Herealizedthathehadbeenwronginthewayhe
treatedhisparents.Hehadlearntalessonfromtheboy.Ataverysmallage,
thisboywashelpinghisparents,butRaj,inordertomeetthedemandsofhis
ownlavish(奢侈的)lifestyle,hadneglectedhisparents.Whatkindoflifedid
Rajlivewhenhewassmall?
Acomfortablelife
Amiserablelife.
A:
Adecentlife.
B:
Alonelylife.
C:
答D:案:A
2、【單選題】Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Rajis
amiddle-agedman.Althoughhewasbominapoorfamily,hewasraisedwell.His
fatherownedawelding(焊接)shop,andusedtoworkformorethan12hoursaday,
sothathisfamilycouldleadacomfortablelife.However,Raj’sfathercouldnot
earnsufficientmoneytoprovideadecentlifetohisfamily.Beinganaverage
studentinschool,Rajusedtoscorearound70percentmarks.Raj’sdreamwasto
becomeadoctor.Sincehismarksweren’tveryhigh,hecouldnotgetthedesired
course.Instead,hejoinedabachelor’sdegreecourse,completedthecourse
successfully,andgotajobinacompany.Whilehislifewasgoingonwithno
dramaticchange,hisfathercontinuedtoworkinhisweldingshop,sothathedid
nothavetodependonRaj.Aftergettingapermanentjob,Rajgotmarriedandat
thesametimewasalsopromotedinhisjob.Later,Rajbegantoearnahandsome
salary,andstartedtoliveluxuriously.Heboughtanewhouse.Althoughhis
companyprovidedhimwithacar,Rajpurchasedanewcar!Afteranextravagant(奢
侈的)lifethatlastedalmost6to7years,Rajwasneitherabletomanageallthe
householdexpenses,norpayforthechildren'seducationandotherbasic
necessities.ItsohappenedthatRaj'sfatherfellsick,andasaresult,could
notcontinuehiswork.HerequestedRajtogivehimsomemoney.Raj,
alreadysufferingfromfinancialcrisis,refusedtohelp.Afteraweek,whileRaj
wasonanofficialtour,hemetaboyagedabout10yearssellingtoys.Theboy
requestedRajtobuysomething.Rajaskedtheboywhyhewassellingtoysinstead
ofstudying.Theboyreplied,“Myfatherhadanaccident.Hecannotworknow.My
motherworksasamaid.I’mhelpingmyparentsbysellingthesetoys.Igoto
schoolinthemorning,andselltoysintheevening.Iworkforthreehoursaday
andstudyatnight!”Rajpurchasedafewtoysfromthelittleboy.Hethought
aboutwhattheboyhadsaid.Herealizedthathehadbeenwronginthewayhe
treatedhisparents.Hehadlearntalessonfromtheboy.Ataverysmallage,
thisboywashelpinghisparents,butRaj,inordertomeetthedemandsofhis
ownlavish(奢侈的)lifestyle,hadneglectedhisparents.Rajjoinedabachelor's
degreecourseinsteadofthedesiredcoursebecause____.
hedidn’thaveenoughmoneyforthedesiredcourse
hedidn'tscorewellenoughinschool
A:
hewantedtobecomeadoctor
B:
hegotajobinacompany
C:
答D:案:B
3、【單選題】Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Rajis
amiddle-agedman.Althoughhewasbominapoorfamily,hewasraisedwell.His
fatherownedawelding(焊接)shop,andusedtoworkformorethan12hoursaday,
sothathisfamilycouldleadacomfortablelife.However,Raj’sfathercouldnot
earnsufficientmoneytoprovideadecentlifetohisfamily.Beinganaverage
studentinschool,Rajusedtoscorearound70percentmarks.Raj’sdreamwasto
becomeadoctor.Sincehismarksweren’tveryhigh,hecouldnotgetthedesired
course.Instead,hejoinedabachelor’sdegreecourse,completedthecourse
successfully,andgotajobinacompany.Whilehislifewasgoingonwithno
dramaticchange,hisfathercontinuedtoworkinhisweldingshop,sothathedid
nothavetodependonRaj.Aftergettingapermanentjob,Rajgotmarriedandat
thesametimewasalsopromotedinhisjob.Later,Rajbegantoearnahandsome
salary,andstartedtoliveluxuriously.Heboughtanewhouse.Althoughhis
companyprovidedhimwithacar,Rajpurchasedanewcar!Afteranextravagant(奢
侈的)lifethatlastedalmost6to7years,Rajwasneitherabletomanageallthe
householdexpenses,norpayforthechildren'seducationandotherbasic
necessities.ItsohappenedthatRaj'sfatherfellsick,andasaresult,could
notcontinuehiswork.HerequestedRajtogivehimsomemoney.Raj,
alreadysufferingfromfinancialcrisis,refusedtohelp.Afteraweek,whileRaj
wasonanofficialtour,hemetaboyagedabout10yearssellingtoys.Theboy
requestedRajtobuysomething.Rajaskedtheboywhyhewassellingtoysinstead
ofstudying.Theboyreplied,“Myfatherhadanaccident.Hecannotworknow.My
motherworksasamaid.I’mhelpingmyparentsbysellingthesetoys.Igoto
schoolinthemorning,andselltoysintheevening.Iworkforthreehoursaday
andstudyatnight!”Rajpurchasedafewtoysfromthelittleboy.Hethought
aboutwhattheboyhadsaid.Herealizedthathehadbeenwronginthewayhe
treatedhisparents.Hehadlearntalessonfromtheboy.Ataverysmallage,
thisboywashelpinghisparents,butRaj,inordertomeetthedemandsofhis
ownlavish(奢侈的)lifestyle,hadneglectedhisparents.WhathappenedtoRaj
whenhisfatherfellsick?
Hegotfired.
Helosthisnewcar.
A:
Hehadnohousetolivein.
B:
Hesufferedfromfinancialcrisis.
C:
答D:案:D
4、【單選題】Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Rajis
amiddle-agedman.Althoughhewasbominapoorfamily,hewasraisedwell.His
fatherownedawelding(焊接)shop,andusedtoworkformorethan12hoursaday,
sothathisfamilycouldleadacomfortablelife.However,Raj’sfathercouldnot
earnsufficientmoneytoprovideadecentlifetohisfamily.Beinganaverage
studentinschool,Rajusedtoscorearound70percentmarks.Raj’sdreamwasto
becomeadoctor.Sincehismarksweren’tveryhigh,hecouldnotgetthedesired
course.Instead,hejoinedabachelor’sdegreecourse,completedthecourse
successfully,andgotajobinacompany.Whilehislifewasgoingonwithno
dramaticchange,hisfathercontinuedtoworkinhisweldingshop,sothathedid
nothavetodependonRaj.Aftergettingapermanentjob,Rajgotmarriedandat
thesametimewasalsopromotedinhisjob.Later,Rajbegantoearnahandsome
salary,andstartedtoliveluxuriously.Heboughtanewhouse.Althoughhis
companyprovidedhimwithacar,Rajpurchasedanewcar!Afteranextravagant(奢
侈的)lifethatlastedalmost6to7years,Rajwasneitherabletomanageallthe
householdexpenses,norpayforthechildren'seducationandotherbasic
necessities.ItsohappenedthatRaj'sfatherfellsick,andasaresult,could
notcontinuehiswork.HerequestedRajtogivehimsomemoney.Raj,
alreadysufferingfromfinancialcrisis,refusedtohelp.Afteraweek,whileRaj
wasonanofficialtour,hemetaboyagedabout10yearssellingtoys.Theboy
requestedRajtobuysomething.Rajaskedtheboywhyhewassellingtoysinstead
ofstudying.Theboyreplied,“Myfatherhadanaccident.Hecannotworknow.My
motherworksasamaid.I’mhelpingmyparentsbysellingthesetoys.Igoto
schoolinthemorning,andselltoysintheevening.Iworkforthreehoursaday
andstudyatnight!”Rajpurchasedafewtoysfromthelittleboy.Hethought
aboutwhattheboyhadsaid.Herealizedthathehadbeenwronginthewayhe
treatedhisparents.Hehadlearntalessonfromtheboy.Ataverysmallage,
thisboywashelpinghisparents,butRaj,inordertomeetthedemandsofhis
ownlavish(奢侈的)lifestyle,hadneglectedhisparents.Whydidtheten-year-old
boyselltoysintheevening?
Hetriedtogetsomeexperiencewhileatschool.
Hewantedtoearnmoneytohelphisfamily.
A:
Hewantedtotakecareofhimself.
B:
Hewastoopoortogotoschool.
C:
答D:案:B
5、【單選題】Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Rajis
amiddle-agedman.Althoughhewasbominapoorfamily,hewasraisedwell.His
fatherownedawelding(焊接)shop,andusedtoworkformorethan12hoursaday,
sothathisfamilycouldleadacomfortablelife.However,Raj’sfathercouldnot
earnsufficientmoneytoprovideadecentlifetohisfamily.Beinganaverage
studentinschool,Rajusedtoscorearound70percentmarks.Raj’sdreamwasto
becomeadoctor.Sincehismarksweren’tveryhigh,hecouldnotgetthedesired
course.Instead,hejoinedabachelor’sdegreecourse,completedthecourse
successfully,andgotajobinacompany.Whilehislifewasgoingonwithno
dramaticchange,hisfathercontinuedtoworkinhisweldingshop,sothathedid
nothavetodependonRaj.Aftergettingapermanentjob,Rajgotmarriedandat
thesametimewasalsopromotedinhisjob.Later,Rajbegantoearnahandsome
salary,andstartedtoliveluxuriously.Heboughtanewhouse.Althoughhis
companyprovidedhimwithacar,Rajpurchasedanewcar!Afteranextravagant(奢
侈的)lifethatlastedalmost6to7years,Rajwasneitherabletomanageallthe
householdexpenses,norpayforthechildren'seducationandotherbasic
necessities.ItsohappenedthatRaj'sfatherfellsick,andasaresult,could
notcontinuehiswork.HerequestedRajtogivehimsomemoney.Raj,
alreadysufferingfromfinancialcrisis,refusedtohelp.Afteraweek,whileRaj
wasonanofficialtour,hemetaboyagedabout10yearssellingtoys.Theboy
requestedRajtobuysomething.Rajaskedtheboywhyhewassellingtoysinstead
ofstudying.Theboyreplied,“Myfatherhadanaccident.Hecannotworknow.My
motherworksasamaid.I’mhelpingmyparentsbysellingthesetoys.Igoto
schoolinthemorning,andselltoysintheevening.Iworkforthreehoursaday
andstudyatnight!”Rajpurchasedafewtoysfromthelittleboy.Hethought
aboutwhattheboyhadsaid.Herealizedthathehadbeenwronginthewayhe
treatedhisparents.Hehadlearntalessonfromtheboy.Ataverysmallage,
thisboywashelpinghisparents,butRaj,inordertomeetthedemandsofhis
ownlavish(奢侈的)lifestyle,hadneglectedhisparents.WhatlessondidRaj
learnfromtheboy?
Wecanmakealivingonourownregardlessofage.
Oneshouldberesponsibleforone'sparents.
A:
Peopleshoulddependontheirparents.
B:
Itisyouthatcanhelpyourself.
C:
答D:案:B
6、【單選題】Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Maria
Montessoribasedhereducationalplanupontheobservationofchildrenindiverse
cultures.Therefore,herdiscoveriesarenotaccuratelydescribedasMontessori
principles.Theyareuniversalprinciplesofhumanbehavior,whichbelongtoall
peoples,societies,andcultures.Theseuniversalprinciplesareasound
foundationforeducationalsystemseverywhere.Asamedicalstudentatthe
UniversityofRome,Montessoristudiedtheoriginandformationoflivingbeings.
WhenshereturnedtotheUniversityofRome,afterasuccessfulmedicalcareer,to
studyeducation,philosophyandothersubjects,Montessoriremainedattractedby
developmentinallformsoflife.Whileworkingwithchildrenandyoungadults,
sherecognizedspecificstagesinhumanformation.Eventually,sheidentifiedfour
suchplanesofdevelopment.Therearetwoplanesofchildhood,resultingatage
twelveinamaturechild,andtwoplanesofadulthood,resultingatagetwenty-four
inadultmaturity.Tohighlightthedramaticnatureofthechild'schangefromone
stageofdevelopmenttothenext,Montessoricompareddevelopmentalplanesto
thetransformationofabutterfly.Thevariousstagesoflarva(幼蟲(chóng)),
chiysalis(蛹),andadultbutterflyaresodifferentastobeunrecognizableone
fromtheother.So,too,thedifferencesofeachplaneofhumanformationare
soextraordinarythattheyoungpersonappearsineachasare-createdbeing.Each
ofthesefourplanesofdevelopmentbuildsuponthelastsothat
faultydevelopmentinanyoneaffectsthesuccessfulcompletionofallthe
others.Montessoriobservedthatregulareducationfailstonoticetheseplanes
ofdevelopment.Infact,thefirststageofdevelopment,frombirthtoagesix,
isignoredbecauseschoolingdoesnotbeginuntilitisover.Shereferredto
theschoolchildrenofherdayassomany“driedbutterflies”pinnedtoa
displayboard.Shedrewachartdepictingthelinearascent(直線上升)of
educationbasedasitisuponfeedinginformationtochildrenasiftheywere
blankstobeimprintedupon.Incontrast,Montessoridrewachartreflectingthe
actualdevelopmentofchildren.Itshowsthatineachplanethereisanemergence
orrebirthofdevelopmentthatreachesapeakandthendeclines.Itemphasizes
theregularityofhumandevelopmentinthisregard.Montessoribelieved
thatschoolingshouldcorrespondtothechild’sdevelopmentalperiods.“Instead
ofdividingschoolsintonursery,primary,secondary,anduniversity,we
shoulddivideeducationinplanesandeachoftheseshouldcorrespondtothe
phasethedevelopingindividualgoesthrough.”WhyareMontessori'sdiscoveries
universalprinciplesofhumanbehavior?
Herdiscoveriesareacceptedthroughouttheworld.
Herdiscoveriesarebeneficialtopeopleinmanycountries.
A:
Herdiscoveriesareasoundfoundationforacademicresearch.
B:
HerdiscoveriesaremadebyobseiVingchildrenindiversecultures.
C:
答D:案:D
7、【單選題】Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Maria
Montessoribasedhereducationalplanupontheobservationofchildrenindiverse
cultures.Therefore,herdiscoveriesarenotaccuratelydescribedasMontessori
principles.Theyareuniversalprinciplesofhumanbehavior,whichbelongtoall
peoples,societies,andcultures.Theseuniversalprinciplesareasound
foundationforeducationalsystemseverywhere.Asamedicalstudentatthe
UniversityofRome,Montessoristudiedtheoriginandformationoflivingbeings.
WhenshereturnedtotheUniversityofRome,afterasuccessfulmedicalcareer,to
studyeducation,philosophyandothersubjects,Montessoriremainedattractedby
developmentinallformsoflife.Whileworkingwithchildrenandyoungadults,
sherecognizedspecificstagesinhumanformation.Eventually,sheidentifiedfour
suchplanesofdevelopment.Therearetwoplanesofchildhood,resultingatage
twelveinamaturechild,andtwoplanesofadulthood,resultingatagetwenty-four
inadultmaturity.Tohighlightthedramaticnatureofthechild'schangefromone
stageofdevelopmenttothenext,Montessoricompareddevelopmentalplanesto
thetransformationofabutterfly.Thevariousstagesoflarva(幼蟲(chóng)),
chiysalis(蛹),andadultbutterflyaresodifferentastobeunrecognizableone
fromtheother.So,too,thedifferencesofeachplaneofhumanformationare
soextraordinarythattheyoungpersonappearsineachasare-createdbeing.Each
ofthesefourplanesofdevelopmentbuildsuponthelastsothat
faultydevelopmentinanyoneaffectsthesuccessfulcompletionofallthe
others.Montessoriobservedthatregulareducationfailstonoticetheseplanes
ofdevelopment.Infact,thefirststageofdevelopment,frombirthtoagesix,
isignoredbecauseschoolingdoesnotbeginuntilitisover.Shereferredto
theschoolchildrenofherdayassomany“driedbutterflies”pinnedtoa
displayboard.Shedrewachartdepictingthelinearascent(直線上升)of
educationbasedasitisuponfeedinginformationtochildrenasiftheywere
blankstobeimprintedupon.Incontrast,Montessoridrewachartreflectingthe
actualdevelopmentofchildren.Itshowsthatineachplanethereisanemergence
orrebirthofdevelopmentthatreachesapeakandthendeclines.Itemphasizes
theregularityofhumandevelopmentinthisregard.Montessoribelieved
thatschoolingshouldcorrespondtothechild’sdevelopmentalperiods.“Instead
ofdividingschoolsintonursery,primary,secondary,anduniversity,we
shoulddivideeducationinplanesandeachoftheseshouldcorrespondtothe
phasethedevelopingindividualgoesthrough.”WhydidMontessorigobacktothe
UniversityofRome?
Tostartworkingwithchiljirenandyoungadults.
Tostudyeducation,philosophyandothersubjects.
A:
Toresearchonthefourstagesofhumandevelopment.
B:
Tocontinueherstudyoftheoriginandformationoflivingbeings.
C:
答D:案:B
8、【單選題】Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Maria
Montessoribasedhereducationalplanupontheobservationofchildrenindiverse
cultures.Therefore,herdiscoveriesarenotaccuratelydescribedasMontessori
principles.Theyareuniversalprinciplesofhumanbehavior,whichbelongtoall
peoples,societies,andcultures.Theseuniversalprinciplesareasound
foundationforeducationalsystemseverywhere.Asamedicalstudentatthe
UniversityofRome,Montessoristudiedtheoriginandformationoflivingbeings.
WhenshereturnedtotheUniversityofRome,afterasuccessfulmedicalcareer,to
studyeducation,philosophyandothersubjects,Montessoriremainedattractedby
developmentinallformsoflife.Whileworkingwithchildrenandyoungadults,
sherecognizedspecificstagesinhumanformation.Eventually,sheidentifiedfour
suchplanesofdevelopment.Therearetwoplanesofchildhood,resultingatage
twelveinamaturechild,andtwoplanesofadulthood,resultingatagetwenty-four
inadultmaturity.Tohighlightthedramaticnatureofthechild'schangefromone
stageofdevelopmenttothenext,Montessoricompareddevelopmentalplanesto
thetransformationofabutterfly.Thevariousstagesoflarva(幼蟲(chóng)),
chiysalis(蛹),andadultbutterflyaresodifferentastobeunrecognizableone
fromtheother.So,too,thedifferencesofeachplaneofhumanformationare
soextraordinarythattheyoungpersonappearsineachasare-createdbeing.Each
ofthesefourplanesofdevelopmentbuildsuponthelastsothat
faultydevelopmentinanyoneaffectsthesuccessfulcompletionofallthe
others.Montessoriobservedthatregulareducationfailstonoticetheseplanes
ofdevelopment.Infact,thefirststageofdevelopment,frombirthtoagesix,
isignoredbecauseschoolingdoesnotbeginuntilitisover.Shereferredto
theschoolchildrenofherdayassomany“driedbutterflies”pinnedtoa
displayboard.Shedrewachartdepictingthelinearascent(直線上升)of
educationbasedasitisuponfeedinginformationtochildrenasiftheywere
blankstobeimprintedupon.Incontrast,Montessoridrewachartreflectingthe
actualdevelopmentofchildren.Itshowsthatineachplanethereisanemergence
orrebirthofdevelopmentthatreachesapeakandthendeclines.Itemphasizes
theregularityofhumandevelopmentinthisregard.Montessoribelieved
thatschoolingshouldcorrespondtothechild’sdevelopmentalperiods.“Instead
ofdividingschoolsintonursery,primary,secondary,anduniversity,we
shoulddivideeducationinplanesandeachoftheseshouldcorrespondtothe
phasethedevelopingindividualgoesthrough.”Whatcanwelearnabout,planes
ofchilddevelopmentfromParagraph3?
Thestagesofchilddevelopmentaffectoneanother.
Thefaultydevelopmentinoneplaneiscausedbythelast.
A:
Thechildappearsre-createdineachdevelopmentalplane.
B:
Developmentalplanesarethesameasthetransformationofabutterfly.
C:
答D:案:C
9、【單選題】Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Maria
Montessoribasedhereducationalplanupontheobservationofchildrenindiverse
cultures.Therefore,herdiscoveriesarenotaccuratelydescribedasMontessori
principles.Theyareuniversalprinciplesofhumanbehavior,whichbelongtoall
peoples,societies,andcultures.Theseuniversalprinciplesareasound
foundationforeducationalsystemseverywhere.Asamedicalstudentatthe
UniversityofRome,Montessoristudiedtheoriginandformationoflivingbeings.
WhenshereturnedtotheUniversityofRome,afterasuccessfulmedicalcareer,to
studyeducation,philosophyandothersubjects,Montessoriremainedattractedby
developmentinallformsoflife.Whileworkingwithchildrenandyoungadults,
sherecognizedspecificstagesinhumanformation.Eventually,sheidentifiedfour
suchplanesofdevelopment.Therearetwoplanesofchildhood,resultingatage
twelveinamaturechild,andtwoplanesofadulthood,resultingatagetwenty-four
inadultmaturity.Tohighlightthedramaticnatureofthechild'schangefromone
stageofdevelopmenttothenext,Montessoricompareddevelopmentalplanesto
thetransformationofabutterfly.Thevariousstagesoflarva(幼蟲(chóng)),
chiysalis(蛹),andadultbutterflyaresodifferentastobeunrecognizableone
fromtheother.So,too,thedifferencesofeachplaneofhumanformationare
soextraordinarythattheyoungpersonappearsineachasare-createdbeing.Each
ofthesefourplanesofdevelopmentbuildsuponthelastsothat
faultydevelopmentinanyoneaffectsthesuccessfulcompletionofallthe
others.Montessoriobservedthatregulareducationfailstonoticetheseplanes
ofdevelopment.Infact,thefirststageofdevelopment,frombirthtoagesix,
isignoredbecauseschoolingdoesnotbeginuntilitisover.Shereferredto
theschoolchildrenofherdayassomany“driedbutterflies”pinnedtoa
displayboard.Shedrewachartdepictingthelinearascent(直線上升)of
educationbasedasitisuponfeedinginformationtochildrenasiftheywere
blankstobeimprintedupon.Incontrast,Montessoridrewachartreflectingthe
actualdevelopmentofchildren.Itshowsthatineachplanethereisanemergence
orrebirthofdevelopmentthatreachesapeakandthendeclines.Itemphasizes
theregularityofhumandevelopmentinthisregard.Montessoribelieved
thatschoolingshouldcorrespondtothechild’sdevelopmentalperiods.“Instead
ofdividingschoolsintonursery,primary,secondary,anduniversity,we
shoulddivideeducationinplanesandeachoftheseshouldcorrespondtothe
phasethedevelopingindividualgoesthrough.”WhatdidMontessorifindiswrong
withregulareducation?
Itputsaspecialemphasisonstudents,scores.
Itignoresthefirststageofchilddevelopment.
A:
Itcareslittleaboutstudents’learningmotivations.
B:
Itfeedschildrentotheextremeasiftheyareenjpty-minded.
C:
答D:案:B
10、【單選題】Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing
passage.MariaMontessoribasedhereducationalplanupontheobservationof
childrenindiversecultures.Therefore,herdiscoveriesarenotaccurately
describedasMontessoriprinciples.Theyareuniversalprinciplesofhuman
behavior,whichbelongtoallpeoples,societies,andcultures.These
universalprinciplesareasoundfoundationforeducationalsystemseverywhere.As
amedicalstudentattheUniversityofRome,Montessoristudiedtheoriginand
formationoflivingbeings.WhenshereturnedtotheUniversityofRome,aftera
successfulmedicalcareer,tostudyeducation,philosophyandothersubjects,
Montessoriremainedattractedbydevelopmentinallformsoflife.Whileworking
withchildrenandyoungadults,sherecognizedspecificstagesinhumanformation.
Eventually,sheidentifiedfoursuchplanesofdevelopment.Therearetwoplanes
ofchildhood,resultingatagetwelveinamaturechild,andtwoplanesof
adulthood,resultingatagetwenty-fourinadultmaturity.Tohighlightthe
dramaticnatureofthechild'schangefromonestageofdevelopmenttothenext,
Montessoricompareddevelopmentalplanestothetransformationofabutterfly.The
variousstagesoflarva(幼蟲(chóng)),chiysalis(蛹),andadultbutterflyareso
differentastobeunrecognizableonefromtheother.So,too,thedifferencesof
eachplaneofhumanformationaresoextraordinarythattheyoungpersonappears
ineachasare-createdbeing.Eachofthesefourplanesofdevelopmentbuilds
uponthelastsothatfaultydevelopmentinanyoneaffectsthesuccessful
completionofalltheothers.Montessoriobservedthatregulareducationfailsto
noticetheseplanesofdevelopment.Infact,thefirststageofdevelopment,from
birthtoagesix,isignoredbecauseschoolingdoesnotbeginuntilitisover.
Shereferredtotheschoolchildrenofherdayassomany“driedbutterflies”
pinnedtoadisplayboard.Shedrewachartdepictingthelinearascent(直線上升)
ofeducationbasedasitisuponfeedinginformationtochildrenasiftheywere
blankstobeimprintedupon.Incontrast,Montessoridrewachartreflectingthe
actualdevelopmentofchildren.Itshowsthatineachplanethereisanemergence
orrebirthofdevelopmentthatreachesapeakandthendeclines.Itemphasizes
theregularityofhumandevelopmentinthisregard.Montessoribelieved
thatschoolingshouldcorrespondtothechild’sdevelopmentalperiods.“Instead
ofdividingschoolsintonursery,primary,secondary,anduniversity,we
shoulddivideeducationinplanesandeachoftheseshouldcorrespondtothe
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