高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)-第一部分-教材梳理-Unit-1-Cultural-relics-市賽課公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)

必修2Unit1Culturalrelics1/57關(guān)鍵單詞rarerarelyvaluablevalue1．________adj.稀罕；稀有；寶貴→________adv.稀罕地；稀有地valuablesvaluelessinvaluable

2．________adj.珍貴；有價(jià)值→________vt.&n．重視；珍視，價(jià)值→_________n．珍貴物品→_________adj.沒(méi)有價(jià)值；不值錢→_________adj.極其有用；極其寶貴 3．________vi.幸免；幸存；生還；vt.幸免于；比……活得長(zhǎng)→________n．幸存→________n．幸存者survivesurvivalsurvivor2/57

4．________vt.使吃驚；詫異→____________n．吃驚；驚奇→________adj.令人吃驚→________adj.吃驚；感到詫異→____________adv.令人驚奇地 5．________vt.挑選；選擇→________n．選擇

6．________n．設(shè)計(jì)；圖案；構(gòu)思→________n．設(shè)計(jì)師 7．________adj.奇特；異樣

vt.設(shè)計(jì)；計(jì)劃；構(gòu)思vt.想象；構(gòu)想；興趣8.________n．格調(diào)；風(fēng)度；類型v．設(shè)計(jì)樣式

9．_________v．裝飾；裝修→__________n．裝飾；裝修→___________n．裝修工amazeamazementamazingamazedamazinglyselectselectiondesigndesignerfancystyledecoratedecorationdecorator3/5710．________vi.屬于；為……一員→__________n．[復(fù)數(shù)]動(dòng)產(chǎn)；財(cái)物；全部物belongbelongings11．________n．接待；招待會(huì)；接收→________vt.接待；receptionreceive接收→_____________n．接待員 12．________vt.移動(dòng)；搬開(kāi)13.________adj.木制receptionistremove14．______n．懷疑；疑惑vt.懷疑；不信→________adj.懷疑woodendoubtdoubtedformer15．________adj.以前；從前4/5716．________prep.值得；相當(dāng)于……價(jià)值n．價(jià)值；作用adj.[古]值錢worthlocallocally17．________adj.當(dāng)?shù)?；?dāng)?shù)豱．當(dāng)?shù)厝?；?dāng)?shù)厝恕鷂_______adv.局部地；在當(dāng)?shù)豦videnceevident18．__________n．依據(jù)；證據(jù)→________adj.清楚；明白；顯然explodeexplosion19．________vi.爆炸→________n．爆炸20．

________adj.formal

vi.爭(zhēng)論；辯論非正式→________adj.正式 21．________n．爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯

informaldebate5/57?？级陶Z(yǔ)searchdesigned1．in________of尋找2．be________for...為……設(shè)計(jì)3．________to屬于belongreturnwar4．in________作為報(bào)答；回報(bào)5．a(chǎn)t________處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)6．________than少于lessremainmystery7．________a________依然是個(gè)謎6/57readydoubt8．be________for為……做好準(zhǔn)備9．without________毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地takelook10．________apart拆開(kāi)11．________like看起來(lái)像12．________

________of看重；器重

thinkhighly7/57經(jīng)典佳句couldneverhaveimagined

1．FrederickWilliamI,theKingofPrussia,________________________________thathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.普魯士國(guó)王威廉一世絕不可能想到他送給俄羅斯人民厚禮會(huì)有這么一段令人詫異歷史。whereshespentherummers

2．Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburg________________________________________.以后，葉卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑宮殿中。8/57Thereisnodoubtthat

3．________________________________________theboxeswerethenputonatrainforK?nigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這些箱子以后被裝上火車運(yùn)往哥尼斯堡，當(dāng)初德國(guó)在波羅海邊上一個(gè)城市。 4．Afterthat,________________________theAmberRoomremainsamystery.從那以后，琥珀屋去向便成了一個(gè)謎。whathappenedto9/57課文回顧whichmissingwereused

TheAmberRoom,1.________wasconsideredoneofthewondersoftheworld,isnow2.________(miss)．AtfirstitwasdesignedforthepalaceofFrederickWilliamI．Severaltonsofamber3.__________(use)tomakeitandittookthe4.________(good)artiststenyearstocomplete.ThenthenextKingofPrussiagaveittoPetertheGreat.Theroomservedasasmall5._________(receive)hallforimportantvisitors.Later,CatherineIIhadherartists6.______(add)moredetailstotheroom.Sadly,awarbrokeoutandtheNazissecretlystoletheroom7.________.Fromthenon,whathappenedtotheAmberRoom8.__________(remain)amystery.Bystudyingoldphotosof9.________formerAmberRoom,theRussiansandGermansbuiltanewroomincelebrationofthe10.________(300)birthdayoftheircity.bestreceptionadditselfremainsthe300th10/57

單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·語(yǔ)法填空)Whenfatandsalt___________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.areremovedwereusedamazing

2．(年新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷·語(yǔ)法填空)Steamengines__________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers. 3．(年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·閱讀了解A)It'san______________(amaze)accomplishment.11/57whichdecoratedbeing

4．(年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·語(yǔ)法填空)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,________isnotgoodforthehealth. 5．Itwasalsoatreasure__________(decorate)withgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountry'sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake. 6．Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout________(be)lateforschool. 7．Chinaisacountry___________(belong)todevelopingcountries.belonging12/57highlythanin

8．Ourmonitor,ahelpfulboywithgreatsenseofresponsibility,isthought________(high)ofbybothourclassmatesandteachers. 9．Whattheyfocusonisyourabilityrather________yourappearance,sodon'tbeanxiousaboutyourweight. 10．MyparentsaresodevotedtomeandIknowIcanneverdoenough________returnfortheirdevotiontome.13/571．a(chǎn)mazevt.使吃驚；詫異amazingadj.令人吃驚amazedadj.吃驚；感到詫異beamazedatsth.對(duì)某事/物感到詫異beamazedtodosth.對(duì)做某事感到驚訝amazementn．吃驚；驚奇inamazement詫異地toone'samazement使某人感到詫異是14/57

【一句多譯】

使我詫異是他能在這個(gè)時(shí)候保持冷靜。

Itamazedmethathecouldbesocalmatsuchatime. ＝Whatamazedmewasthathecouldbesocalmatsuchatime. ＝Tomyamazement,hecouldbesocalmatsuchatime.利用用amaze適當(dāng)形式填空

Tomy___________，hewasn't________atthe_________factthatthemealherewas___________cheap.amazementamazedamazingamazingly15/57vt.幸免于；比……活得長(zhǎng)2．survivevi.幸免；幸存；生還surviveon靠……存活下來(lái)AsurvivesBA比B活得長(zhǎng)

survivesth.幸免于……；從……中活過(guò)來(lái) survivorn．幸存者 survivaln．幸存；殘余

【名師指津】

survive表示“幸免于”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，不要在后面加多余介詞from,in等。16/57survival利用單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)Wearetryingtosurvive________ourown. (2)________________(survive)thataccident，wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright. (3)Ifhecouldn'tfindhiswayoutoftheforest,therewouldbelittlechanceof________(survive)．Havingsurvivedon17/573．designn．設(shè)計(jì)；圖案；構(gòu)思vt.設(shè)計(jì)；計(jì)劃；構(gòu)思designsb.todosth.打算讓某人從事某事bedesignedfor/todosth.意在；打算被用來(lái)做某事bydesign有意地；蓄意地【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】(1)表示“有意地”：bydesign,onpurpose,deliberately。(2)表示“恰巧地”：bychance,byaccident,accidentally。18/57designedbyfor利用單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)Theproject__________(design)tohelpjoblesspeoplejustdidn'tworkoutasplanned. (2)Ithappened—whetherbyaccidentor_______design—thatthetwoofthemwereleftaloneafteralltheothershadgone. (3)Thiscourseisspeciallydesigned________beginnerslikeyou.19/574．worthprep.值得；相當(dāng)于……價(jià)值n．價(jià)值；作用adj.[古]值錢

be(well)worthdoingsth.某事(非常)值得做 beworthit值得一干；值得花時(shí)間/精力等 beworthyofbeingdone＝beworthytobedone值得做 beworthyof＋n.＝(beworth＋n.)值得 Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth.某事值得一做

【名師指津】

(1)worth后普通只接v.-ing形式，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，不能再用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)； (2)worth前面修飾詞只能是well。20/57利用一句多譯，每空一詞experiencingtobe既然你對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化感興趣，我認(rèn)為這個(gè)節(jié)日很值得你體驗(yàn)。experiencedofbeingexperienced

SinceyouareinterestedintraditionalChineseculture,Ithinkthisfestivaliswellworth______________. ＝SinceyouareinterestedintraditionalChineseculture,Ithinkthisfestivaliswellworthy_______________________________/_____________________________. ＝SinceyouareinterestedintraditionalChineseculture,Ithinkitisworthwhile___________/______________thisfestival.experiencingtoexperience21/571．insearchof尋找；搜尋searchfor找尋；探索；探求

searchout查出；探出；找出 makeasearchfor尋找；追求

【名師指津】

insearchof在句中常做表語(yǔ)或目標(biāo)狀語(yǔ)，名詞search前不加限定詞；若search前加a/the/one's等限定詞時(shí)，of普通換成for。22/57利用完成句子，每空一詞searchfor(1)我花了幾個(gè)星期去找我需要那本書(shū)。Ittookmeseveralweeksto________________thebookthatIwanted.aresearchingthewoodsfor(2)警察搜索森林，尋找失蹤孩子。Thepolice_______________________________________thelostchild.ofsearched

單句語(yǔ)法填空 (3)Shewentintothekitcheninsearch________adrink. (4)Visitorsareregularly__________(search)astheyenterthebuilding.23/572．inreturn

作為報(bào)答；回報(bào)inreturnfor...作為對(duì)……交換/報(bào)答inturn輪番，依次；反過(guò)來(lái)byturns輪番；時(shí)而……時(shí)而……【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】incase以防萬(wàn)一inadvance提前；事先indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中inorder井井有條inplace在適當(dāng)位置24/57returnforinturnbyturns利用用上面短語(yǔ)填空

(1)Hewantedtodosomethingin________________thekindnessthatsheofferedhim. (2)Theoryisbasedonpracticeand________________servespractice. (3)Thebookis________________funnyandverysad.25/573．thinkhighlyof看重；器重；高度評(píng)價(jià)thinkwell/muchof對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)良好/很高thinknothingof對(duì)……無(wú)所謂；不把……當(dāng)回事thinkbadly/poorlyof對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)不高thinkofsb./sth.as把某人/某物看成……Whatdoyouthinkofsb./sth.?你認(rèn)為某人/某物怎么樣？【名師指津】當(dāng)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，修飾動(dòng)詞副詞應(yīng)放在thought之前，即behighly/well/muchthoughtof。26/57利用句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞Highlythoughtof

(1)ShewashighlythoughtofandwascalledoneoftheChinesetenfilialpietystars(中國(guó)十大孝星之一)．(用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)改寫)Thinkingnothingof

________________________，shewascalledoneoftheChinesetenfilialpietystars. (2)Shethoughtnothingoftravellingaroundtheworldaloneandwentonajourneyonherown.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)改寫) ____________________________travellingaroundtheworldalone,shewentonajourneyonherown.27/57原句1FrederickWilliamⅠ，theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.普魯士國(guó)王威廉一世絕不可能想到他送給俄羅斯人民厚禮會(huì)有這么一段令人詫異歷史。 (1)“could＋havedone”用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況發(fā)生可能性否定或質(zhì)疑，意思是“不可能已經(jīng)……”或者是“可能已經(jīng)……了嗎？”，此時(shí)可與“can＋havedone”換用。28/57(2)“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事情推測(cè)、批評(píng)、反悔等。如：couldnothavedone不可能做了某事(對(duì)過(guò)去否定推測(cè))musthavedone一定已經(jīng)做了某事(對(duì)過(guò)去必定推測(cè))couldhavedone本能夠做(實(shí)際上卻沒(méi)做)should/oughttohavedone本應(yīng)該做(實(shí)際上卻沒(méi)做)would(not)havedone(當(dāng)初)就(不)會(huì)做什么(實(shí)際情況并非這么)29/57利用單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)(年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·七選五型閱讀了解)IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,I___________________(laugh)heartily.完成句子，每空一詞wouldhavelaughed(2)孩子們必定在樹(shù)林里迷路了，不然他們就會(huì)按照計(jì)劃回到湖邊營(yíng)地了。musthavebeenlost

Thechildren________________________________inthewoods;otherwise,theywouldhavebeenatthelakesidecampasscheduled.30/57couldnothavedone

(3)假如不是聽(tīng)了你提議，我就不會(huì)做得如此成功。 Butforyouradvice,I_______________________________________itsosuccessfully.31/57原句2ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforK?nigsberg...毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這些箱子以后被裝上火車運(yùn)往哥尼斯堡……

“Thereisnodoubtthat...”意為“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……”，that后面引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明doubt內(nèi)容。常見(jiàn)句型以下： Thereissomedoubtwhether...……不太確定 Ihavenodoubtthat...我相信/我確定…… Idon't/neverdoubtthat...我確信…… Idoubtwhether/if...我懷疑……32/57whether/ifthat利用單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)Idoubt____________thenewsistrue. (2)Thereisnodoubt________stayinguplateismorelikelytoresultinover-anxiety.33/57原句3Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve.在審判中，法官必須斷定哪些證人能夠相信，哪些證人不能相信。 “whichnottobelieve”為“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中做賓語(yǔ)。whether,what,which,whom,who,where,when,how等加不定式組成結(jié)構(gòu)在句中起名詞作用，可以在句中做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。34/57利用完成句子，每空一詞whattosay

(1)看到舞臺(tái)下有那么多觀眾，他擔(dān)心得不知道說(shuō)什么。 Seeingsuchacrowdofaudiencebelowthestage,hewastoonervoustoknow________________________. (2)沒(méi)有些人能告訴我在哪兒能買到這本有趣書(shū)。 Noonecouldtellme________________________theinterestingbook.wheretobuyWhenand(3)何時(shí)何地舉行會(huì)議有待于深入討論。________________________________________themeetingremainstobediscussedfurther.wheretohold35/57利用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，補(bǔ)充完整下面短文，并背誦下來(lái)

Thereisnodoubt1.________thevase2.__________(belong)toLiMingisavaluableculturalrelic.Thevase3.________(make)ofbamboowasdesignedinafancystyleand4._____________(give)asaChristmasgiftbyhisfriend,anartist.5.________return,LiMinggavea6.________(rarely)stamptohisfriend.Buttohis7.____________(amaze),thevasewasstolenlastSaturday.Atpresent,thepolicearetrying8.________(they)besttosearch9.________it.However,whetheritcanbefoundremainsa10.___________(mysterious)．thatbelongingmadewasgivenInrareamazementtheirformystery36/57閱讀了解(二)閱讀了解八個(gè)?？键c(diǎn)解讀之3、4：3．對(duì)比、比較

篇章閱讀中對(duì)比經(jīng)常為新老觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比、錯(cuò)誤與正確觀念對(duì)比、新事物與舊事物對(duì)比等；比較則經(jīng)常為兩種或多種事物優(yōu)點(diǎn)、缺點(diǎn)、用途、功效、原理等特點(diǎn)比較。常見(jiàn)表示對(duì)比或比較關(guān)系詞或短語(yǔ)有while,whereas,than,37/57comparedwith,incontrastto等。解題時(shí)要留心這些詞或短語(yǔ)，并注意出現(xiàn)比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)地方，另外要注意搞清對(duì)比或比較對(duì)象。關(guān)鍵是，從對(duì)比或比較中看出作者要表示真實(shí)意圖及作者所強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容，有時(shí)要從對(duì)比或比較中加以合理地推理判斷。38/57【例】(年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)GrandparentsAnsweraCall

Asathird-generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.39/57

NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertoadultchildrenandgrand-children.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama'smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudybygrandparents.com,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson'sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama'sfamily.40/57“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn'tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown，”saysChristineCrosby,publisherofGrand,amagazineforgrandparents.“Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportantitistobenearthem,especiallywhenyou'reraisingchildren.”

Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.41/5727．WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?A．Theywereunsureofthemselves.B．Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C．Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D．Theyhadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparents.解析：C細(xì)節(jié)了解題。這是一道需要經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)比，加以推斷題。原文第二段談到當(dāng)前祖父母愿意與兒女一起生活傾向，與第三段首句“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn'tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown.”形成對(duì)比，故選C。42/5728．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph?A．Makedecisionsinthebestinterestsoftheirown.B．Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.C．Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren.D．Gettoknowthemselvesbetter.解析：A推理判斷題。文章經(jīng)過(guò)最終一段中“Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenand...butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.”兩種觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比，可知作者提議老人們要明智，要從本身最大利益出發(fā)去做決定。故選A。43/57(年新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.44/57

ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技藝)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humourous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(關(guān)鍵)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen....45/571．WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?A．Theywereofthesameage.B．Theyworkedinthesametheater.C．Theywerebothgoodactors.D．Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.解析：D推理判斷題。依據(jù)文章第二段中“Wewererespectfulofcraft(技藝)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors...affection.”可知作者與Paul之所以擁有持久情誼是因?yàn)樗麄冇邢嗤愿裉卣?。故選D。46/574．并列、列舉、舉例并列、列舉是指用First(ly),Second(ly),Third(ly),Finally,notonly...butalso...,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,aboveall,ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand等表示順承或并列關(guān)系詞語(yǔ)列舉出一系列并列事實(shí)情況。為了使自己觀點(diǎn)更有說(shuō)服力、愈加明確，作者還經(jīng)常會(huì)使用舉例方法來(lái)進(jìn)行論證，常由as,suchas,forexample,forinstance,take...asanexample等引出?？忌鷤?cè)谧鲞@類題時(shí)，要全方面讀懂文章結(jié)構(gòu)，段與段之間關(guān)系，一段內(nèi)部邏輯關(guān)系，搞清并列要素；是對(duì)哪一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)、論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行列舉或舉例。47/57【例】(年江蘇卷)ElNiňo,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”，wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiňoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.

Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiňos,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiňoin1997－98helped48/57America'seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiňomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.49/57ThemostrecentpowerfulNiňo,in1997－98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiňoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.50/57

Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.AccordingtoapaperinbyMr.Hsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiňo'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiňo,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.51/5762．WhatmayElNiňosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A．Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B．Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C．Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D．Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.解析：C細(xì)節(jié)了解題。依據(jù)第二段第二句“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiňos,onbalance,thantheylose.”可知富有國(guó)家從厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象中得到好處要大于所得到壞處。接著在第三句