高考英語復習-Unit-4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars-p

英語人教版精準高考1/56必修三第一部分Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars2/561主干知識2考點探究3課堂達標4復習練案3/56主干知識4/56Ⅰ.單詞分類巧記A．閱讀詞匯——認一認1．fundamentaladj._________________

2．religionn．_________________

3．dissolvevt.&vi._________________

4．a(chǎn)cidn．_________________ 5．multiplyvi.&vt._________________

6．gravityn．_________________

7．extinctadj._________________8．exhaustvt._________________________

基本；基礎

宗教；宗教信仰

溶解；解散

酸

乘；增加

萬有引力；重力

滅絕；絕種

用盡；耗盡；使精疲力盡

5/56B．高頻詞匯——寫一寫1．__________n．大氣層；氣氛2．__________adj.太陽；日光3．__________adv.所以；于是4．__________adj.溫和；文雅5．__________n．氣候6．__________vi.&vt.碰撞；墜落7．__________n．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力8．__________vi.&vt.(使)浮動；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物9．__________n．系統(tǒng)；體系；制度10．__________n．學說；理論atmospheresolarthusgentleclimatecrashpullfloatsystemtheory6/56C．關鍵詞匯——鏈一鏈1．__________globe

n．球體；地球儀；地球→__________global

adj.全球性；全世界2．__________violent

adj.猛烈；激烈；強暴→__________violence

n．暴力→__________violently

adv.暴力地；猛烈地3．__________unlike

prep.不一樣；不像→__________like

vt.喜歡prep.像→__________dislike

vt.不喜歡；討厭→__________likely

adj.可能7/564．__________harmful

adj.有害→__________harm

n．&vt.傷害→__________harmless

adj.無害5．__________exist

vi.存在；生存→__________existence

n．存在；生存6．__________puzzle

vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難n．謎；難題→__________puzzled

adj.感到迷惑→__________puzzling

adj.令人迷惑8/56D．寫作詞匯——用一用1．Thisobjectgivesoff__________harmfulgases.Theymaydo__________harmtoourhealth.Youmustmaketheobject__________harmlessbeforeyouuseit.(harm)2．Air__________existseverywhereandits__________existencemakesitpossibleforustoliveon.(exist)3．Inmyopinion,a__________globaltourmeanstravelingallaroundthe__________globe.(globe)4．Larrywasin__________violentpain.Asaresult,hebehaved__________violentlyandtreatedeverythingwith__________violence.(violent)5．__________LikehisbrotherJohn,Jimisalsofondofmusic.But__________unlikeJohn,Jim__________dislikesphysicsatall.(like)9/56Ⅱ.短語語境速記A．?？级陶Z默寫1．_________________及時；終于 2._________________下蛋3．_________________產(chǎn)生；分娩 4.__________________輪到某人；接著5．_________________阻止；阻止 intimelayeggsgivebirthtoinone'sturnprevent...from10/566.__________________擋住(光線)7．_________________感到高興；感到振奮8．_________________既然9．_________________突發(fā)；暴發(fā)10．_________________親密注意；當心；提防blockoutcheerupnowthatbreakoutwatchoutfor11/56B．短語語境填空1．Oncehehasmadeuphismind,noonecan________him_________carryingouttheplan.2．Youmustgetthere__________eveniftheweathershouldchange.3．__________theproblemhasbeenidentified,appropriateactioncanbetaken.4．Idohopeshecan__________andacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!prevent

from

intime

Nowthat

cheerup

12/565．Beforethewar___________，manypeopleputawaypossessionstheycouldnottakewiththeminsafeplaces.6．Mum,youhadmedothecleaningyesterday,sotodayTom，__________，shoulddothewashing!7．Theotherdaymypetcat____________anewlittlecat.8．Toensuregoodsleep,sheboughtaheavycurtainto__________thelight.brokeout

inhisturn

gavebirthto

blockout

13/56Ⅲ.詞語高效積累1．與“太空”相關高頻單詞集錦①astronomyn．天文學 ②astronomern．天文學家③astronautn．宇航員 ④gravityn．萬有引力⑤satelliten．衛(wèi)星 ⑥planetn．行星⑦orbitn．軌道 ⑧spaceshipn．宇宙飛船⑨universen．宇宙 ⑩launchvt.發(fā)射?explorevt.探索；勘探 ?solaradj.太陽?shuttlen．航天飛機 ?globen．地球；球體14/562．表示“性格良好”形容詞薈萃①gentle溫和 ②easy-going隨和③outgoing外向 ④frank直率⑤generous慷慨 ⑥upright正直15/563．un-前綴高頻形容詞全接觸①like→unlike不像②able→unable不能……③acceptable→unacceptable不能接收④believable→unbelievable不可相信⑤certain→uncertain不確定⑥clear→unclear不清楚⑦comfortable→uncomfortable不舒適⑧fair→unfair不公平16/564．birth使用方法小結givebirthto生，引發(fā)，產(chǎn)生 atbirth在出生時bybirth在血統(tǒng)上 frombirth出生以來5．“小心；當心”高頻短語becareful小心 watchoutfor小心；當心lookout當心 takecare小心17/56Ⅳ.佳句填空完形1．_______wasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamental__________thedevelopmentoflife.水會對生命發(fā)展起關鍵作用，這一點在當初并不太顯著。2．Whatitwas__________(become)wasuncertain__________between4.5and3.8billionyearsago__________thedustsettledintoasolidglobe.它會變成什么，當初還沒有些人知道，直到38至45億年前，這團塵埃才慢慢地形成一個固體球體。It

to

tobecome

until

when

18/563．Whatiseven________________(important)isthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearon_______surface.更為主要是，地球冷卻了下來，地球表面就開始出現(xiàn)了水。4．So_________lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyears_________(come)willdependonwhetherthisproblemcan__________(solve)．所以，在未來數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個問題能否得到處理。moreimportant

its

whether

tocome

besolved

19/565．Icheeredupimmediatelyand__________(float)weightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabin__________(watch)theearthbecomesmallerandthemoon__________(large)．我立刻高興起來，因為失重，我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著(身后)地球越來越小，而(前方)月球越來越大。floated

watching

larger

20/56Ⅴ.語法過關演練主語從句1．__________heconsideredagreatproposalwasturneddownbythebossatthemeeting.解析：考查主語從句。句意：他認為很好一個提議在會議上被老板否定了?？仗幰龑е髡Z從句，在從句中作賓語，不指人，故填what。What

21/562．__________isknowntoallisthattheDiaoyuIslandshavebelongedtoChinasinceancienttimes.解析：考查名詞性從句。句意：釣魚島自古就屬于中國，這是大家都知道。what引導是主語從句，并在主語從句中作主語。3．—WhathasmadeJohnlooklikelackingsleep?—__________hehadtoprepareforthecomingexamandstayeduplastnight.解析：考查名詞性從句。分析句子結構可知，答語是回答上面句子中主語“What”，故此句是一個主語從句，缺乏引導詞，而引導詞在從句中不充當成份，故用“That”。What

That

22/564．Itremainstobeseen__________thisplanispracticalenoughtokeeptheprojectgoing.解析：考查主語從句。句意：這個計劃是否足夠實用，以使這個項目繼續(xù)下去還有待觀察。it是形式主語，真正主語是whether引導從句。whether“是否”，符合句意。5．Itmakeshislifequitedifferent__________hehasreceivedhighereducationabroad.解析：考查主語從句。本句中it是形式主語，真正主語是“thathehasreceivedhighereducationabroad”。whether

that

23/56考點探究24/561．harmfuladj.有害；傷害歸納拓展(1)beharmfultosb.對某人有害(2)harmn．&vt.損傷；傷害dosb.harm(＝doharmtosb.)對某人有害domoreharmthangood弊大于利There's(no)harmin(sb.'s)doingsth.(某人)做某事(沒)有壞處meannoharm沒有惡意(3)harmlessadj.無害高頻單詞25/56用所給詞適當形式填空/介詞填空。①Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosocially__________(harm)tobetolerated.在當代文化中，憤恨肢體表示被普遍認為對社會有太多壞處而不能被容忍。harmful

26/56②Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,causingseriousharm______lifeandtheenvironment.這些天，違反交通規(guī)則和亂扔垃圾現(xiàn)象很常見，對生活和環(huán)境造成了嚴重破壞。③Ifyouwanttosolvetheprobleminthisway,thereisnoharm_______callinghim.假如你想以這種方式來處理問題，你不妨給他打個電話。to

in

27/562．existvi.存在；生存；存活；繼續(xù)存在歸納拓展(1)Thereexists/existed...某地有……；存在……existon(liveon)sth.靠某物生存existby靠……方式為生existin存在于……之中existas作為……而存在；以……形態(tài)存在28/56(2)existencen.存在；生存comeintoexistence開始存在；成立bring...intoexistence使……發(fā)生(產(chǎn)生)inexistence現(xiàn)存；現(xiàn)有(3)existentadj.存在；現(xiàn)存29/56完成句子。①Theycan't__________themoneyhe'searning.他們靠他掙那點錢無法維持生活。②______________hugeanimalsontheearthalongtimeago.很久以前地球上存在著體形龐大動物。③Ithasbeen______________formorethan500years.它已經(jīng)存在500多年了。④Nowadays,therearestillmanypeoplewonderingwhentheearth______________________.現(xiàn)在仍有很多人想知道，地球是何時產(chǎn)生。exist

on

There

existed

in

existence

came

into

existence

30/563．puzzlen．迷；難題vi&vt.(使)迷惑；(使)為難歸納拓展(1)puzzleabout/over苦苦思索；仔細琢磨puzzlesth.out琢磨出……答案；開動腦筋bepuzzledby被……迷惑(2)beinapuzzleaboutsth.對某事感到不解setapuzzleforsb.(＝setsb.apuzzle)出個謎語讓某人猜beinapuzzle不知怎樣是好(3)puzzledadj.感到迷惑puzzlingadj.令人迷惑31/56用所給詞適當形式填空/介詞填空。①Tenyson'scarefortheelderlywoman__________(puzzle)theflowerseller.Tenyson對老婦人照料使得賣花人很迷惑。②Thepolicearestillpuzzling____________howtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.警察仍在苦思這起事故是怎么發(fā)生。puzzled

about/over

32/56③Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremainsapuzzle______us.失聯(lián)飛機去了哪兒對我們來說仍是個謎。④Therewasa__________(puzzle)lookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecausea__________(puzzle)problem__________(puzzle)her.在這個小女孩臉上帶著迷惑表情，因為一道令人迷惑問題讓她感到迷惑。to

puzzled

puzzling

puzzled

33/564．pulln．&vt.拉(力)；托；牽引力歸納拓展pullthrough康復；痊愈pulldown拉下(窗簾等)；拆毀；拆掉(房屋等)pullout拔出；(列車等)出站；啟程pullin(列車等)駛進；到站；(船)靠岸pullsb.through(使)渡過危機(難關)pull...up把……往上拽；停頓pullover(機動車輛等)?？?在路邊)34/56完成句子。①Ipulled______mymobilephonetoreadatextmessagefrommymom.我拿出手機讀媽媽發(fā)短信。②Hishousewaspulled__________byfire.他房子被大火燒毀了。③Hepulled________hiscoatandjoinedusinthework.他脫去上衣，便和我們一起干了起來。④Thepolicecarsignaledtoustopull________.警車發(fā)出信號，要我們駛向路邊?？?。out

down

off

in

35/561．prevent/stop/keep...from...阻止/預防……做/發(fā)生歸納拓展在主動語態(tài)句子中，stop和prevent后from可省略，但keep后不可省略；在被動語態(tài)中，這三個短語中from均不可省略。比較：protect...from...保護……不受……(傷害)重點短語36/56完成句子。①Theheavyrain_________________________________onwithourwork.大雨阻止了我們繼續(xù)工作。②Apossiblewar________finally___________________________breakingoutwiththeireffort.一場可能戰(zhàn)爭最終因為他們努力而防止了。③Thefarmers__________wheat__________heavyrainwithrainclothes.農(nóng)民們用雨布遮住小麥以防被大雨澆壞。prevented/stopped/kept

us

from

going

was

prevented/stopped/kept

from

protect

from

37/562．intime及時；終于歸納拓展ontime按時 allthetime一直；一直atonetime曾經(jīng)；一度 atatime每次；逐一attimes有時；間或 atalltimes隨時；總是fromtimetotime有時；偶然 innotime立刻；馬上atnotime絕不timeandtimeagain一次又一次；一再takeone'stime別著急；慢慢來keepupwiththetime與時俱進38/56用time相關短語完成以下句子。①Theysenttheemailtomejust__________beforeIleft.②__________willIgiveupcompletingtheproject.③Theboylaughedandcried_________________.④_____________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.⑤Don'ttrytodoeverythingatonce；takeitabit__________.⑥Wearrivedinthesummer,just__________toenjoythemidnightsun.intime

Atnotime

atthesametime

Atonetime

atatime

intime

39/563．nowthat因為；既然歸納拓展since與nowthat(既然)引導原因狀語從句普通置于主句之前；because(因為)引導原因狀語從句通常放在主句之后；as引導原因狀語從句普通位于主句前，也可位于主句后。另外，并列連詞for也可表示原因，引導原因分句只能放在另一個分句之后。40/56完成句子。①________________(既然)youarewillingtotakeachance,thengoahead!②________________(既然)everybodyishere,let'sbeginourmeeting.③Itis__________(因為)helackedenoughconfidencethathesufferedfromfailure.④Hemustbeagoodstudent,______(因為)he'salwayscarefulwithhislessons.Nowthat(＝Since)

Nowthat(＝Since)

because

for

41/564．inone'sturn輪到某人；接著歸納拓展inturn依次；輪番；反之；反過來byturns輪番；交替地taketurnstodosth.輪番做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事takeone'sturn輪到某人ontheturn正在轉變；正在改變outofturn不合時宜地；魯莽地takeaturn轉變42/56介、副詞填空/用所給詞適當形式填空。①Nowotherstudentswerecomingtohimforcoachingandthey,_______turn,werewinningcontests.現(xiàn)在其它學生都來向他請教，對應地，他們也逐贏得比賽。②Ithinkit'smyturn__________(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.我想這周該輪到我開車送孩子們上學了。③Itturned______thatthisyoungmanwasnoneotherthantheoldman'sson.結果證實這個年輕人正是那位老人兒子。in

to

drive

out

43/565．cheerup感到高興；感到振奮歸納拓展cheersb.up使某人振作起來cheersb.on(比賽中)以喝彩聲勉勵某人；為某人加油Cheers!(用于祝酒)干杯！44/56用所給詞適當形式填空/完成句子。①Uponarrivingattheclassroom,theauthor____________(cheer)upbyawarmwelcome.一走進教室，作者因為熱烈歡迎而高興起來。②Sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerforthelady______________.所以我們朝賣花人走去，問她我們是否能夠為那位女士買一朵花來讓她振作起來。③Iproposeatoasttoourfriendshipandcooperation.__________(cheer)!我提議為我們友情與互助，干杯！was

cheered

to

cheer

her

up

Cheers

45/56重點句型1．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.本句中兩個whether分別引導主語從句和賓語從句。歸納拓展whether與if引導名詞性從句時區(qū)分：(1)whether能夠直接與ornot連用，if不能夠。(2)引導位于句首主語從句，用whether，不用if。(3)引導表語從句和同位語從句，用whether，不用if。(4)動詞不定式之前用whether，不用if。(5)介詞之后賓語從句用whether，不用if。46/56依據(jù)括號內(nèi)漢語意思完成句子。①__________________________________(明天我們是否去野營)dependsontheweather.②Wehaven'tsettledtheproblemof____________________________________(他是否有必要去國外學習)．③Iwonder___________________(你能否幫我)．Whetherwe'llgocampingtomorrow

whetheritisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad

ifyoucanhelpme

47/562．ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而當我試著向前邁步時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子跨度竟是在地球上兩倍，因而我摔倒了。本句中twiceas...as...表示“是……幾倍”，該句型中twice也可用half,on