導(dǎo)游詞-石家大院

石家大院第5頁共12頁石家大院簡介石家大院又叫楊柳青民俗博物館，是中國清代漢族民居建筑的代表，位于天津市西面的楊柳青古鎮(zhèn)、京杭大運(yùn)河的河畔，曾是清末天津八大家之一——石元士的住宅。石家祖籍山東，祖輩在清朝經(jīng)漕運(yùn)發(fā)家后定居天津楊柳青。石家分為4家后，第四家的尊美堂是保存最好的，成為今天的石家大院。它有140多年的歷史，占地10000㎡，含有18個(gè)院落278間房。其中的磚雕、木雕、石雕是獨(dú)一無二的、令人印象深刻的。戲樓是中國民宅中最大的。因此，它有“華北第一宅”之稱。Shifamily’smansionisalsocalledYangliuqingfolkmuseum.ItistherepresentativeoftheHannationalityresidenceinQingDynastyofChina.ItislocatedinYangliuqingancienttownwhichisintheriversideofTheGrandCanalfromBeijingtoHangzhou.ThemansionusedtobetheresidenceofShiYuanshiwhoisoneofTianjineightgrandfamiliesintheendofQingdynasty.TheancestorofShifamilycamefromShandongprovince.HemadehisfortunethroughwatertransportationofgraintothecapitalandthensettleddowninYangliuqinginQingdynasty.

Itisaboutmorethan200yearsago.Shifamilydividedintofourparts,andthefourthpart,Zunmeitang,isthebestpreservedandbecomestoday’sShifamilymansion.Ithasahistoryofmorethan140years,covers10000squaremetersandcontains18yards,278rooms.Thecarvingofbricks,woodandstonesareuniqueandimpressive.Thefamilytheateristhebiggestinthefolkinchina.Therefore,itisbelievedtobethefirstmansioninnorthChina.大院模型石家大院由一條長長的甬道分為東西兩部分建筑。甬道由南至北逐漸升高，寓意為“步步高升”。門前臺(tái)階為三級(jí)，又暗喻“連升三級(jí)”。東面建筑主要用于飲食起居，西面的建筑主要用于接待賓客和娛樂休閑。Themansionisdividedintotwopartsbyalongcorridor.Thecorridorincreasesgraduallyfromsouthtonorth,meaningtobepromotedstepbystep.Thethreestepsmeanstobepromotedthreelevelscontinuously.Theeasternbuildingsaremainlyusedfordailylife,andthewesternbuildingsforthereceptionofguestsandentertainment.書房石家崇尚學(xué)而優(yōu)則仕，石元士就曾官拜工部郎中。（相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在的廳級(jí)干部，借口父老弟幼而未到任）Shifamilyadvocateslearningandgovernance.ShiYuanshihadservedastheMinistryofWorksinfeudalChina.花廳花廳相當(dāng)于會(huì)客廳，用于商討家族大事和接待賓客。石家分家時(shí)分為四家，第四家是石元士的尊美堂?，F(xiàn)在所見的匾額“尊美堂”是光緒皇帝的老師所題。請(qǐng)看這八扇窗，四季花鳥都是精心制作（窗的兩面是互相獨(dú)立的，實(shí)際上是16扇窗）。大白菜和狗的雕塑寓意“人財(cái)兩旺”。室內(nèi)還有民間罕見的地暖系統(tǒng)，而僅見于皇宮紫禁城。煤在室外燒但熱量通過煙道傳導(dǎo)進(jìn)來。Receptionroomwasusedtodiscussfamilyeventsandreceiveguests.ShifamilywasdividedintofourpartsandthefourthpartwasZunmeitang,whichbelongedtoShiYuanshi.Thesteleyouseenowwaswrittenbytheemperor'steacher.Lookatthiseight-leafscreen.Thebirdsandflowersofthefourseasonsarecarvedwithgreatelaboration.(Thedesignsontwosidesofthescreenareidentical,whichactuallyformsixteenleaves).Thesculptureofcabbageanddogsmean"boomingwealth".Theheatingsysteminthisroomisrarelybeenfoundincivilianhouses,andtheonlyplacehavingthesamesystemistheForbiddenCity,theimperialpalace.Thecoalisburntoutsidetheroomandheatischanneledinthroughundergroundpipeline.虎坐門樓（第三垂花門）Tigergate這是這座大院保存最好中式門樓。它像一個(gè)立坐的老虎但我沒看出來。門墩石雕圖案為“鶴環(huán)仙閣”“獅子滾繡球”，門樓上上磚雕“寶相花”“事事如意”“五福捧壽”。兩邊石窗寓意“萬福連登”。ThisisthebestkeepingChinesegatetowerinthismansion.ItlikesatigerbutIdidn’tseethetiger.Stonecarving:thepatternsare“cranesaroundfairypavilion”“l(fā)ionsplaywithembroiderball”.Brickscarving:patternsare“thetreasureflower”“everythingissatisfied”“fivebatsholdalongevity”.The“卍”meanstenthousandsandthestonelanternmeanstenthousandofhappiness.這是第三座垂花門，花開結(jié)籽。門柱兩側(cè)有葫蘆萬代，寓意子孫萬代繁衍不斷。石鼓上是九獅圖，抱柱上為八仙寶物，兩側(cè)為龍。Hereisthethirdlotusgateandthelotusbloomandproduceseeds.Therearelotsofcalabashesaroundthepillars.Itmeansmanydescendants.Stonecarving:ninelionsonthedrums.BothsideshavethetreasuresoftheEightImmortalsinancientChinaanddragons.戲樓Familytheater石家戲樓是中國北方民宅中最大的戲樓，有120個(gè)座位。中間的座位是給達(dá)官貴人們坐的，后面的才是為家里的女人們做的。獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)使得戲樓冬暖夏涼。它還能有效降噪，這么大的房子也不需要擴(kuò)音設(shè)備。鐵皮樓頂也很獨(dú)特。樓頂?shù)摹皦邸弊中螒B(tài)細(xì)長，寓意長壽。ThisfamilytheateristhebiggestoneinthefolkresidencesinNorthernChina.Thetheaterhasalltogether120seats.Theseatsinthemiddlearefortheofficialsanddistinguishedguests,andthoseonthestairsatthebackareforfemalefamilymembers.Theingeniousdesignofthetheaterensuresacoolsummerandawarmwinter.Itcanalsoeffectivelyresistnoise.Althoughthehallisbig,soundamplifyingequipmentsarenotneeded.Theroofmadeofironsheetisalsounique,withaChinesecharacternailedonitmeaninglonglife.花園familygarden花園模仿蘇州園林。棗樹已有200多年。墻上貼滿了傳統(tǒng)手工藝剪紙，用于節(jié)日的裝飾。ThegardenwasbuiltinimitationofSuzhougardens.Jujubehasmorethan200years.Thewalliscoveredwithtraditionalhandicraftpapercutting,usedforthedecorationofthefestival.水局Waterbureau水局是一種民間消防組織。有一次皇帝出行時(shí)遇到了火災(zāi)，因此組建的水局就叫“天安水局”，意思是皇帝能安全通過。Waterbureauwasakindoffirefightingorganizationinfolk.Oncetheemperorencounteredfirewhentraveling，andthenawaterbureauwasorganizedandnamed“TianAnWaterBureau”.Itmeanstheemperorpassedthroughinsafety.家堂、地契這里展示了家堂和地契，來自當(dāng)?shù)氐刂鞯暮蟠?。家堂是一張畫有祖先牌位的圖。格子IntroductionYangliuqingmuseumisoneofTianjineightgrandfamilies（天津八大家之一）intheendofQingdynasty——Shifamily’smansion.TheancestralhomeofShifamilyisShandongprovince.Hewasrichanddependedonshipping.HesettleddowninYangliuqinginemperorQianlongofQingdynasty.Thenheboughtlotsoffieldsandbecameabiglandlord.In1823,Shifamilydividedintofourparts,hereisthefourthpart.Itwasbuiltin1875.Itcovers10000㎡andcontains18yards,278rooms.Thequadranglesjointogether.Itisimposingandmagnificent.Thecarvingofbricks,woodandstonesarespeciallyunique.ThemainbuildingofShifamily——theateristhebiggestinthefolkinchina.Afternewgovernmentwassetup,Tianjingovernmentworkedhere.In1987,themansionwasrepairedbyXiqingCultureBureauandmuseumwassetup.Yangliuqingmuseumopenedin1991,itwasreviewedChinaCultureHeritagein2006.TigergateThisisthebestkeepingChinesegatetower（gatehouse）inthismansion,thesignislikeafiercetiger.Stonecarving:thepatternsare“cranesaroundfairypavilion”鶴環(huán)仙閣,“l(fā)ionsplaywithembroiderball”獅子滾繡球.Brickscarving:patternsare“thetreasureflower寶相花,everythingissatisfied事事如意,fiveblessingsholdalongevity五福捧壽”.Intwosidesofthetigergatetowerstillestablishlightboxes,therearebrickscarving“卍”characterlistoutside,puttinglightinside,takingthegoodluckhomophonicof“tenthousandblessingconnecttoascend”.ThefirstlotusgateThelotusareinbud.Therearethreewindows,thecontentisflowersinfourseasons.Thatmeansbesafetyinfourseasons.Normallytheyclosedthisgate,onlyVIPcame,theyplayedmusicinthetwosidesandopenedthisgate.Woodcarving:ninelionsinside,peonyandphoenixoutside.Stonecaving:thereareninelionsonthedrums,craneanddeerinsideelephantoutside.ThesecondlotusgateThelotusbloom.Thereareninecranesinthethreewindows.Cranemeanslongevity,nineisthebiggestnumber.Onthebackofthecranes,therearecoins.Thatmeansnotonlyhavelongevitybutalsohavemoney.Woodcarving:bottleonelephant’sback,orchidandchrysanthemumoutside.Thethirdlotus蓮花gateThelotusbloomandproduceseeds.Therearelotsofcalabash葫蘆aroundthepillars,itmeanshavemanychildren.Stonecarvingninelionsonthedrums.WaterbureauWaterbureauwasakindofsocietalfightfireorganizationinfolk.YangliuqingWaterBureauinemperorQianlongofQingdynasty(1736-1795).Inolddaystheemperorwentonatourofinspection,theybuiltwarehousesonthewaytohavearest.OnedaythewarehousesinYangliuqingfired,thelocalofficialsweresoscared,sotheygatheredsomeequipmentstofightfireandbuiltsomehousesaroundthewarehouses.ThiswasthefirstWaterBureauinYangliuqing,named“TianAnWaterBureau”thatmeanstheemperorpassedthroughinsafety.Later,Waterbureauwasusedinfolk.TilltheendofQingDynasty,therewere18WaterBureausinYangliuqing.JiaTangandDiQIGaoJubao,animperialCollegestudentofYuanDynasty,movedtoYangliuqingin1354.TheGaofamilyhavegrownsteadilysincethen.Gaohasbecomeoneoflargestsurnamesofthetown.HereexhibitsJiaTangandDiQi,collectionsfromMr.GaoChangren,adescendantofthe20thgenerationofGaoJubao.JiaTangusuallyreferstoapictureofacourtyardwiththeancestraltabletsonit.Inthegridsofthepicturearethepassingancestor’snamesfromgenerationtogeneration.Onthenewyear’seve,thefamilywillhangupthepictureduenorthofthesittingroomtopaytributeafterthegrave-sweepingceremony.DiQiisatitledeedforapieceoflandwiththearea,locationandpriceofthelandonit.BuddhismHallHereisthefamilytemple.TheypreytheBuddha——Guanyininthemiddle.Thealsoprayedtheancestors’tabletsofShifamily.Theconstructionisfourbeamsandeightpillars,peopleusuallysaideventhewallwasdestroyed,thebuildingdidn’tfall.AccountingroomThebutlersdealedwithallfinancialaffairsofShifamily.Thewing-roomswerebutlerbedrooms.TradingcustomThetransportationofYangliuqingisverywell.Sothecommercewasdeveloping.InQingDynasty,YangliuqingbecameaveryfamoustowninthenorthofChina.HereshowusacommercialstreetintheendofQingDynasty.Herewecanseetheprosperoussceneatthattime.ShipThisshipisspecialinchargeoftransportingofficialgrain,alsocalledgrainshiportransportingship.Therearerulesonship’smaterialsandsize.Theloadis30ton.Exceptgrain,theytransportedbricks,china,cloth,cottonandmaterialsforbuildingriverwhatthegovernmentordertotransport.Therearesingleship,shipanddoubleship.Thedoubleshipcombinesfromtwosingleshipsbyropeorchain.Mostofshipsinthesouthcanalaredoubleships.Theproportionis1:15.CarriageCarriagewasoneofconveyancesonlandinYangliuqing.Thebody’sappearancewasarchandsimilartosedan’stophalf.Normalcarriage’slengthwas1.5m,widthwas1.2mandthebody’sheightwas1.2m.Andtherearetwoorfourwheels.Normally,itneedsoneorseveralhorsestopull.Almostoldpeopleandwomensatthiskindofcarriage,theytookcarriagemoreconvenientthanridinghorse.FamilytheaterShifamily’stheateristhebiggesttheaterinthefolkinnorthernChina.Itliesinthemiddleofthismansion.Mostpartofitaremadefromwood,theroofiscoveredbyleadsheetandtheyusedcoppernailsmadeaChinesecharacter“l(fā)ongevity”.Thecharacteristicsarewarminwinter,coolinsummerandfinetonequlity.Thereisagallerysurroundingforthebodygroundsstanding.Thereare120seats,thefrontareformen,thebackareforwomen.Thestageis20㎡.Itwasonlyforsinginginthepast.Thereweremanyfamousactorshadbeenshowinghere.YangLiuqingMuseum(TheResidenceofShi’sFamily)白宇部分Goodmorning,MrandMrsYung,itisourgreathonortoexpressoursincerewelcometoallofyou.MynameisSamWhite,youcanjustcallmeSam.IandTongwillberesponsibleforyourtourtoday,andwewillaccompanyyouintoday’stouroftheYangLiuqingMuseum.Mr.XXXisourdriver,whoisaveryskillfuldriverwithmoretenyearsofdrivingexperience,so,don’tworryaboutoursafetyproblems,hewillensureusasmoothandsafejourney.Wewillbegladifwecanbeanyassistancetoyou.Ifyouhaveanyfurtherquestionorotherrequests,don’thesitatetoletusknow.Wewillbeatyourserviceanytime.And,wishyouhaveahappyandwonderfultrip!LetmemakeabriefintroductionoftheYangLiuqingMuseumfirst.ThesitewherethemuseumliesinistheresidencebelongingtoShiYuanshi,ownerofoneoftheeightgrandfamilyinTianjinintheolddays.Shi'sancestorcamefromDong'eCountyinShandongProvince,engagedinwatertransportofgrain.Asthewealthgraduallyaccumulated,theShiFamilymovedtoYangLiuqingandboughtlargetractsoflandandsetuptheirresidence.ShiYuanshicamefromthefourthgenerationofthefamily,whowasasuccessfulbusinessmanandagoodhouseholdmanager,andtheresidencewasthusenlargedforseveraltimesuntilitacquiredthepresentscale.ItisbelievedtobethefirstmansioninthewestofTianjin.Theresidenceissymmetricbasedontheaxisformedbyapassagewayinthemiddle,onwhichtherearefourarchways.Ontheeastsideofthecourtyard,therearetraditionalsingle-storyhouseswithrowsofroomsaroundthefoursides,whichwasoncethelivingareafortheShiFamily.Theroomsonnorthsideweretheaccountants'office.OnthewestarethemajorconstructionsincludingthefamilyhallforworshippingBuddha,theaterandthesouthreceptionroom.Onbothsidesoftheresidencearesideyardroomsformaidsandservants.Now,wehavearrivedattheparkinglot.It's9:00amandwewillstayhereforabouttwoandhalfhours.Pleasetakecareofyourmoneyandothervaluableaccessories.Ok,wecangetoffthecar.Pleasecomethiswayandfollowmysteps,andwearenowstandingatthereceptionroom,wherethewholefamilyusedtodiscussedfamilymattersandreceivedguests.Lookatthiseight-leafscreen.Thebirdsandflowersofthefourseasonsarecarvedwithgreatelaboration.(Thedesignsontwosidesofthescreenareidentical,whichactuallyformsixteenleaves.)Theheatingsysteminthisroomisalsoremarkableandprettyimpressive.Thecoalisburntoutsidetheroomandheatischanneledinthroughundergroundpipeline.Thissystemcanrarelybeenfoundincivilianhouses,andtheonlyplacehavingthesamesystemistheForbiddenCity,theimperialpalace.Thisroomisusedforworshipping.ThesculptureofGuanyinBodhisattvaandthetabletsrepresentingthattheancestorsofthefamilyareplacedinthemiddle.(ThesculptureofGuanYuisupthereandthethreedownbelowarethedeitiesrepresentinggoodluck,wealthandcareer,andhealth.)Theroomisframedwitheightpolesandfourbeam,andyoucanseethepoemswrittenonthebeams.Nowlet'shavealookatthislotusgate,(atypicalstructureoftenfoundinpalaces.Itissocalledbecausethegatelookslikeaup-side-downlotus.Therearethreesuchgatesintheresidence,eachrepresentingadifferentphaseoftheblossom.)Theoneweseenowisthemostelegant,intheshapeofabudreadytoburst.Thewoodcarvingsonthefrontpostsareninelions,andinChineseconnotation,theyrepresenthighsocialstatus.Onthebackofthepostsarepeonyandphoenix,asthekingofbirdsandflowersaccordingtoChineselegend,theyrepresentwealthandrank.(Theotherpatterns,includingthelions,theballsmadeofstripsofsilk,theheadsofelephants,craneanddeerwelcomingthespring,chrysanthemum,peony,lotus,eighthorses,allentailthemeaningofauspiciousnessandhappylife.)Comethisway,please,andhereisthesecondlotusgate.Thisoneisintheshapeofalotusinfullblossom.Thepatternsonthepostsentailthethemeofgoodluckandbettercareer.Thethirdlotusgateisdesignedintoalotusbearingfruit.Thepatternsonthegatearecalabashes,whichinChineseconnotationpredictalonglastoftheclan.Thethreegatesallshowtheowner'slongingforthewell-off,healthandflourishingofthefamilyclan. Now,pleasefollowmystepsandTongwillshowyouthenextpart.童鹿青部分Let'sgotoseethetheater,whichisthebiggestoneintheprivateresidencesinNorthernChina.Thewoodenstructuredbuildingliesinthemiddleinthecourtyard.Thereare12polessupportingtheveranda,onwhichtheguardskeptwatch.Thetheaterhasalltogether120seats.Theseatsinthemiddlearefortheofficialsanddistinguishedguests,andthoseonthestairsatthebackareforfemalefamilymembers.Thestageinthefrontisabout20squaremetersonwhichmanyfamousactorsoncegavetheirperformance.Behindthestageistheplacewhereactorsweredressedupandtookarest.Theingeniousdesignofthetheaterensuresacoolsummerandawarmwinter.Itcanalsoeffectivelyresistnoise.Althoughthehallisbig,thereisevennoneedforamicrophone.Theroofmadeofironsheetisalsofromthecourtyardoutside.Theroofmadeofironsheetisalsounique,withaChinesecharacternailedonitmeaninglonglife.Hereistheexhibitionroom,let'shavealookattheYangLiuqingFineArtsPress,whichisoneofthethreeschoolsinChina.Therearefiveprocessesbeforeapicturecomesintobeing,includingtracing,carving,chromatography,coloringandmounting,amongwhichcoloringisthemostsophisticated.(Hereisthefirstexhibitionroom,wherethemasterpiecesfromemperorKangxitoEmperorQianlonginQingDynastyareondisplay.Picturesinthatperiodmainlydepictedfolklifeandhistoricallegends.Thethemesaremostlywelfareandwealth.PicturesherearefromEmperorJiaqingtoEmperorDaoguang,andtheyallbearthesignificanceofauspiciousness,likethis"Bathingthebaby"and"Kilynbringingthechild".)Thenextexhibitionroomisusedforpicturesonlanterns,thethemeofwhichisadvocatingindustryandgenerosity.Thereare24lampsinthisset,andtheyhavebecomethetreasureofthemuseum.Thoselampsdownbelowarealsoprecious,thethemesare"uprighteousness","honestyinbusiness"etc.These"lyre-playing,chess,calligraphyandpainting"lamps,andtheoneabout"Katydidplaying"arehandeddownfromEmperorTongzhiandEmperorGua