大學(xué)英語四級寫作專題講解-20211102161611

大學(xué)(dàxué)英語四級寫作專題第一頁，共113頁。菜單(cài

dān)概述四級寫作難點(diǎn)(nádiǎn)分析學(xué)生寫作現(xiàn)狀分析四級寫作得高分技巧四級作文解析四級考試評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第二頁，共113頁。概述(ɡài

shù)

大學(xué)英語四級新題型考試第一部分(bù

fen)是寫作，寫作寫得如何會直接影響以后的做題。短文寫得得心應(yīng)手，對后面的答題可起到事半功倍的作用，否則就有可能功虧一簣。四級寫作的體裁包括說明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文。寫作的素材或要求可以是中文、英文和圖表。寫作字?jǐn)?shù)在120字以上，寫作的時間為30分鐘，但你應(yīng)留少量時間作最后的檢查。寫作既考查你的思考判斷能力，也考查你的表達(dá)能力。因此，你應(yīng)對一些校園、社會新聞和常識有一定的認(rèn)識和見解，并能夠有層次地、結(jié)構(gòu)完整地在文章中清楚表達(dá)你的

觀點(diǎn)。第三頁，共113頁。四級寫作(xiězuò)難點(diǎn)分析難點(diǎn)一：主觀判分，有所影響難點(diǎn)二：體裁多樣(duō

yànɡ)，難度較大難點(diǎn)三：老題新出，千變?nèi)f化第四頁，共113頁。學(xué)生(xué

sheng)寫作現(xiàn)狀分析1.理缺詞窮2.偏愛(piān

ài)長句3.重復(fù)啰嗦4.單調(diào)無味5.結(jié)構(gòu)混亂6.錯誤連篇7.無話可說第五頁，共113頁。學(xué)生寫作(xiězuò)現(xiàn)狀分析第一、英語底子太薄。

第二、詞匯(cíhuì)量太小，且對已學(xué)詞匯

(cíhuì)記憶不清。第三、缺乏思想，深度不夠。第四、缺乏應(yīng)試技巧。第六頁，共113頁。四級寫作(xiězuò)高分技巧一、卷面整潔(zhěngjié)，書寫清楚。二、構(gòu)思簡單，少犯錯誤。三、中心突出，層次分明。四、固定經(jīng)典，名言注目。五、重在變化，寧簡勿濫。第七頁，共113頁。

一、文章(wénzhāng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)二、寫作實(shí)例分析四級作文(zuòwén)解析第八頁，共113頁。文章(wénzhāng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)概論文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(jiégòu)寫作的三段論模式第九頁，共113頁。一、概論(gàilùn)

文章是由段落構(gòu)成，而段落的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主題句、支撐句和結(jié)尾句所構(gòu)成，它的具體結(jié)構(gòu)可以(kěyǐ)用以下的圖表加以表示：1/2第十頁，共113頁。二、文章(wénzhāng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)2/2第十一頁，共113頁。寫作(xiězuò)的三段論模式

大學(xué)英語四級寫作通常采用三段論模式，即：開頭段(introduction)主體(zhǔtǐ)段(body

paragraph)結(jié)尾段(conclusion)第十二頁，共113頁。(一)開頭(kāi

tóu)段開頭段概論常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的開頭段的表達(dá)方法開頭段的常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)核心句型第十三頁，共113頁。開頭(kāi

tóu)段概論

對于(duìyú)大學(xué)英語四級的寫作考題來說，限于篇幅，其開頭段一般都不長。

然而，這寥寥幾句話卻占有十分重要的

地位，它表達(dá)的是整篇文章的主題思想。在議論文中，我們稱之為中心論點(diǎn)，它

起到駕馭全文的作用。一個意義清晰、

明確的開頭段，將有助于讀者理解全文；一個精彩、新穎的開頭段還能激起讀者

的閱讀欲望。第十四頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的開頭段的表達(dá)方法使用引語（use

a

quotation）

引用具體或粗略的數(shù)據(jù)(shùjù)（use

figures

orstatistics）提出問題（ask

a

question）

給出具體實(shí)例或報道（offer

relevant

examples

oreports）定義法（give

definition）主題句法（use

of

topic

sentence）第十五頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●使用引語（use

a

quotation）使用一段名人名言，或人們常用的諺語、習(xí)語，以確定文章的寫作范圍(fànwéi)和方向。如：“Great

minds

must

be

ready

not

only

to

take

theopportunity,

but

to

make

them.”

Colton,

a

greatwriter

once

remarked.

But

it

still

has

a

profoundsignificance

now.

To

a

person,

in

whose

lifetimeopportunities

are

not

many,

to

make

opportunities

imore

essential

to

his

success.分析：開頭引用Colton的名言說明“創(chuàng)造機(jī)會”對于成功的重要性，點(diǎn)明主題。第十六頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●引用具體或粗略的數(shù)據(jù)（use

figures

or

statistics）當(dāng)然對于圖表題型，該種方法是必須的選擇，具體做法是給出一些具體或粗略的數(shù)據(jù)，然后作出概括性分析，點(diǎn)明主題或引出需要論述的問題。如：As

is

demonstrated

in

the

table,

more

and

more

collegegraduates

are

out

of

a

job

in

our

country,

which

is

a

seriousproblem

to

our

economic

development

and

social

security.

It

isestimated

that

in

2004,

there

are

500,000

unemployed

graduatesmore

than

30%

higher

than

in

2002.分析：文章(wénzhāng)引用2004年找不到工作的畢業(yè)生達(dá)到50萬這一數(shù)據(jù)來說明大學(xué)生找工作難這一現(xiàn)象的嚴(yán)重性，很有說服力。第十七頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●提出問題（ask

a

question）提出有爭議或探討性的具體問題，然后加以簡要回答或展開引導(dǎo)性簡短討論(tǎolùn)。如：What

do

you

want

from

your

work

Money

PromotionsInteresting

challenges

Continual

learning

Work-basedfriendships

The

opportunity

to

develop

your

own

idea

andpotentials

Though

we

are

all

individuals

and

so

our

answerswill

differ,

all

agree

that

work

provide

more

than

materialthings.分析：文章開頭提出“你想從工作中得到什么”這一問題，然后自問自答，指出工作除了物質(zhì)利益，還可以給我們帶來很多其它收獲這一結(jié)論。第十八頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的開頭段的表達(dá)方法

●給出具體實(shí)例或報道（offer

relevant

examples

orreports）給出具體生活實(shí)例或新聞報道如：As

regards

the

stress

for

college

students,there

has

ba

heated

discussion

among

the

public

in

the

society.It

was

reported

that

a

student

killed

four

of

his

classmat

just

because

of

a

trivial

matter.It

can

be

easily

seen

pressure

has

become

a

serious

issue

we

cannot

neglect.分析：文章通過引用(yǐnyòng)新聞報道的一個實(shí)例，說明了大學(xué)生心理問題的嚴(yán)重性。第十九頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●定義法（give

definition）針對討論的主題或問題加以定義，然后進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)深入探討。如：As

we

all

know,

practice

makes

perfect.

This

is

anaccumulated

experience

we

inherit

from

our

forefatherand

now

it

is

still

widely

applied

to

our

daily

life.

Itmeans

that

the

more

we

practice,

the

more

likely

we

aregoing

to

do

things

perfectly.分析：文章用It

means

that這一句型，說明了practicemakes

perfect的含義。第二十頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●主題句法（use

of

topic

sentence）文章一開始就以主題句點(diǎn)明全文主題，然后圍繞主題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行發(fā)展。如：Nowadays

one

of

the

serious

problems

China

isfaced

with

is

the

increasing

illiteracy

among

theadolescents.

According

to

a

recent

survey

by

Dr.

Li,dean

of

Educational

Department

of

Beijing

NormalUniversity,

about

18%

of

the

children

between

8and

15

years

old

have

dropped

out

of

school

acrossthe

country.分析：文章開頭即提出中國的文盲(wénmáng)現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重這一問題，然后再用實(shí)例數(shù)據(jù)加以佐證。第二十一頁，共113頁。開頭段的常用核心(héxīn)句型●

As

opposed

to

generally

accepted

views,

I

believthat

…The

arguer

may

be

right

about

…,

but

he

seems

toneglect

to

mention

the

fact

that

….Although

it

is

commonly

agreed

that

…,

it

isunlikely

to

be

true

that

….There

is

an

element

of

truth

in

this

statement,

buit

ignores

a

deeper

and

more

basic

fact

that

….In

all

the

discussion

and

debate

over

…,

oneimportant

fact

is

generally

overlooked.第二十二頁，共113頁。開頭段的常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)核心句型

●

On

the

surface

（At

first

thought）,

it

（this）

mseem

a

sound

（an

attractive）suggestion

（solution

/

idea）,

but

careful

weighingon

the

mind

（on

closer

analysis

/

on

second

thought）we

find

that

…Although

many

people

believe

that

…,

I

wonderwhether

the

argument

bears

much

analysis第二十三頁，共113頁。開頭段的常用核心(héxīn)句型

●

The

danger

（problem

/

fact

/

truth

/

point）

isthat….I

agree

with

the

above

statement

because

I

believe

tt

….

●

There

is

a

public

controversy

nowadays

over

the

issuof

….

Those

who

object

to

…argue

that

….

But

people

who

favor

…,

on

the

otherhand,

argue

that….第二十四頁，共113頁。開頭(kāi

tóu)段的常用核心句型

●

Currently

（In

recent

years

/

In

the

past

few

yearsFor

many

years

now）,

there

is

（hasbeen）

a（n）

general

（widespread

/

growing

/widely

held）

feeling

towards

（concern

over

/attitude

towards

/

trend

towards

/

awareness

of

/realization

of

/

illusion

of

/

belief

in）….As

far

as

I

am

concerned,

however,

I

believethat

….Now

it

is

commonly

（widely

/

generally

/increasingly）

believed

（thought

/

held

/accepted/

felt

/

recognized

/

acknowledged）that

….

But

I

wonder

（doubt）

whether

…第二十五頁，共113頁。(二)主題(zhǔtí)段主體段概述

主體段段落(duànluò)擴(kuò)充方法第二十六頁，共113頁。主體(zhǔtǐ)段概述

主體段的寫作方法(fāngfǎ)是多種多樣的，而不同的方法(fāngfǎ)會產(chǎn)生不同的效果，不同的方法(fāngfǎ)需用不同的組織形式。因此，在動筆之前，必須先選擇好所采用的方法(fāngfǎ)，然后根據(jù)自己所選的方法(fāngfǎ)確定相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，才能把文章寫好。第二十七頁，共113頁。主體段段落擴(kuò)充(kuòchōng)方法一、列舉法（Listing）二、舉例法（Exemplification）三、分類法（Classification）

四、比較(bǐjiào)對照法（Comparisonand

Contrast）五、因果法（Cause

and

Effect）第二十八頁，共113頁。列舉(lièjǔ)法（Listing）定義

也叫枚舉法。是一種在主題句中提出論

點(diǎn)，然后列舉一系列論據(jù)或原因?qū)χ黝}

進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)論證或闡述的方法。列舉的順序可以按照所列各點(diǎn)內(nèi)容的相對重要

性、時間、空間順序等進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)。第二十九頁，共113頁。列舉法作文(zuò

wén)例子To

get

the

most

out

of

your

textbook

you

shouldfollow

several

steps

very

carefully.

First,

you

shomake

a

preliminary

survey

of

each

book

to

get

ageneral

idea

of

what

the

book

contains.

Second,

youshould

read

for

deeper

understanding

and

formulatequestions

as

you

read.

Next,

make

notes

of

the

major

point

of

each

chapter.

Then,

test

yourself

tobe

sure

that

you

can

answer

questions

likely

to

beraised

in

class

or

in

examinations.

Finally,

reviewyour

notes

and

reread

any

parts

of

the

book

that

areunclear

to

you.第三十頁，共113頁。常用于列舉(lièjǔ)法的過渡連接詞

first,

second,

third,

etc.;

in

the

first

plathe

second

place;

first

of

all,

first

andforemost;

to

begin

with,

to

start

with;

forone

thing,

for

another;

also,

besides,furthermore,

moreover,

in

addition,

what

ismore;

above

all;

next;

beyond

that;

initialeventually,

last

but

not

least…..第三十一頁，共113頁。舉例(jǔ

lì)法（Exemplification）定義

作者通過(tōngguò)舉出具體事例來闡述、說明主題句的內(nèi)容。嚴(yán)格地講，舉例法

也是列舉法的一種，它們的區(qū)別在于：

列舉法側(cè)重羅列事實(shí)，所列事實(shí)力求全

面；而舉例法側(cè)重通過(tōngguò)舉出典

型事例來解釋作者的觀點(diǎn)，且事例可多

可少。第三十二頁，共113頁。舉例法作文(zuò

wén)例子

There

are

many

different

forms

of

exercises

to

suitdifferent

tastes.

For

example,

those

who

enjoycompetitive

sports

may

take

up

ball

games.

For

anotherexample,

if

they

prefer

to

exercise

alone,

they

can

hava

run

or

take

a

walk

in

the

morning

or

in

the

evening.Besides,

people

can

go

swimming

in

the

summer

and

goskating

in

the

winter.

In

short,

no

matter

what

theirinterests

are,

people

can

always

find

more

than

one

spothat

is

suitable

to

them.第三十三頁，共113頁。舉例法中常見(chánɡ

jiàn)的過渡性詞語

for

example,

for

instance,

as

an

example,

asan

illustration,

such

as/

such,

a

case

in

pois,

to

illustrate,

in

particular,

specificasay,

next,

namely,

that

is,

like,

take

…

asexample,

etc.第三十四頁，共113頁。分類法（Classification）定義(dìngyì)

在闡述(chǎnshù)某一概念的段落中，常用分類法。通過對概念中所包括的事物進(jìn)行分門別類地敘述，使讀者有更為清晰的認(rèn)識。第三十五頁，共113頁。分類法作文(zuò

wén)例子Ever

since

humans

have

lived

on

the

earth,

they

have

made

use

of

variousforms

of

communication.

Generally,

this

expression

of

thoughts

andfeelings

has

been

in

the

form

of

oral

speech,

when

there

is

a

languagebarrier,

communication

is

accomplished

through

sign

language

in

whichmotions

stand

for

letters,

words

and

ideas.

Tourists

and

the

people

unablto

hear

or

speak

have

had

to

resort

to

this

form

of

expression.

Many

ofthese

symbols

of

whole

words

are

very

vivid

and

exact

and

can

be

usedinternationally;

spelling,

however,

cannot.

Body

language

transmits

ideor

thoughts

by

certain

actions,

either

intentionally

or

unintentionallynod

signifies

approval,

while

shaking

the

head

indicates

a

negativereaction.

Other

forms

of

language

can

be

found

in

signal

flags,

Morse

codand

picture

signs.第三十六頁，共113頁。常見(chánɡ

jiàn)的用以分類的詞語

動詞(dòngcí)：sort(into),divide(into),classify,group,fall

into,etc.

名詞：sorts,classes,groups,categories,types,kinds,aspects,etc.第三十七頁，共113頁。比較對照(duìzhào)法（Comparison

and

Contrast）定義

比較對照法由比較和對照兩部分(bù

fen)組成，但兩者往往一起用以闡述兩者或者更多事物間的異同，常用于說明文和議論文寫作。比較描述的是所比對象的相同、類似點(diǎn)，而對照則強(qiáng)調(diào)所描述對象之間的不同，甚至相反之處。

常用的比較對照的結(jié)構(gòu)模式有兩種，即整塊比較法和逐點(diǎn)比較法。

在整塊比較法中先集中描述A，再集中描述B。其模式為：A1、A2、A3……B1、B2、B3……第三十八頁，共113頁。第一種模塊(mó

kuài)例子Computers

have

both

favorable

and

unfavorable

aspects.First,

computers

can

calculate.

They

can

make

work

more

efficient

for

they

have

a

highspeed

of

calculation.

Besides,

people

can

communicate

with

each

other

by

E-mail,which

costs

people

less

money

and

less

time.

Most

important

of

all,

computers

createwide

communication

around

the

world.

People

can

communicate

with

each

other

via

theInternet.

They

can

make

friends

all

over

the

world.But

every

coin

had

two

sides.

The

negative

aspects

are

also

apparent.

To

beginwith,

since

computers

can

do

a

lot

of

work

for

us,

such

as

calculation,

we

may

relytoo

much

on

then

and

become

lazier

and

lazier.

To

make

matters

worse,

although

itis

convenient

for

people

to

communicate

with

each

other

by

E-mail,

the

originalwarm

relationship

may

become

cold,

for

people

will

have

fewer

opportunities

totalk

to

each

other

face

to

face.

Worst

of

all,

computers

can

spread

viruses

caused

byelectronic

hackers

resulting

in

a

lot

of

important

information

being

lost.第三十九頁，共113頁。第二種模塊(mó

kuài)及例子逐點(diǎn)比較法是A、B雙方同時逐點(diǎn)描述(miáo

shù)，其模式為：A1

B1

A2

B2

A3

B3……例如：A

proverb

says,

“Like

father,

like

son.”

But

the

proverb

doesn’t

seem

to

fit

mygrandfather

and

my

father

because

they

have

more

differences

than

similarities.First,

my

grandfather

is

introverted,

while

my

father

is

extroverted.

We

can

easily

reawhat

is

on

my

father’s

mind,

but

it

is

hard

to

find

out

what

my

grandfather

is

thinkingabout.

Next,

my

grandfather

is

always

indifferent

to

children.

He

seldom

talks

withchildren

and

the

children

are

somewhat

afraid

of

him.

In

contrast,

my

father

is

verywarm-hearted

to

children.

He

likes

to

talk

with

them,

so

the

children

in

my

family

alllike

him.

Finally,

my

grandfather

is

obstinate.

Once

he

had

made

a

decision,

he

neverchanges

it.

However,

my

father,

even

after

he

has

made

a

decision,

will

ask

others

foropinions.

If

he

thinks

the

opinions

are

reasonable,

he

might

change

his

mind.Although

my

grandfather

and

my

father

resemble

each

other

very

much

in

appearance,they

differ

in

character,

thinking

and

behavior.第四十頁，共113頁。常見(chánɡ

jiàn)的比較對照的過渡性詞語常用的表示比較的過渡性詞語(cíyǔ)有：

similarly,

likewise,

correspondingly,

in

a

similar

way,

in

the

sameway,

too,

like,

resemble,

similar

to,

equal

to,

equally,

important,both…and…,

the

same

as常用的表示對照的過渡性詞語(cíyǔ)有：

on

the

one

hand,

on

the

other

hand,

on

the

contrary,

in/

by

contrast,in

contrast

to,

in

sharp

contrast,conversely,

otherwise,

however,nevertheless,

but,

yet,

(al)though,

even

though,

whereas/

while,

itrue…but,

instead,

unlike,

rather

than,

in

spite

of,

contrast

withdiffer(ent)

from,

contrary

to第四十一頁，共113頁。因果(yīnguǒ)法（Cause

and

Effect）定義

因果(yīnguǒ)法經(jīng)常用以闡述原因，回答

“為什么”這類問題，分析事物發(fā)展的

前因后果，也多見于說明文和論述文。

因果(yīnguǒ)關(guān)系的普遍性決定了因果(yīnguǒ)關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性，通常因果(yīnguǒ)關(guān)系模式有一因一果、一因多果、一果多

因和多果多因等，而以因果(yīnguǒ)方式擴(kuò)展段落時通?？刹捎孟纫蚝蠊蛳裙?/p>

后因的一因多果或一果多因模式，其中

的多因或多果用通常以枚舉方式列舉。第四十二頁，共113頁。因果(yīnguǒ)法作文例子

The

role

of

women

in

today’s

society

is

changingOne

reason

is

that

women

have

begun

to

assertthemselves

as

independent

people

through

thewomen’s

movement.

Also,

women

are

aware

ofthe

alternatives

to

staying

at

home.

Another

reais

that

increasing

numbers

of

women

who

enternew

fields

of

interest

serve

as

role

models

forother

women.

Moreover,

men

are

becoming

moreconscious

of

the

abilities

of

women

and

havebegun

to

view

their

independence

positively.第四十三頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的表示因果關(guān)系的過渡性詞語

because,

as,

since,

for,

owing

to,

because

odue

to,

on

account

of,

as

a

result

of,

for

threason,

result

from,

thus,

so,

therefore,accordingly,

consequently,

for

this

reasonon

that

account,

as

a

result,

as

aconsequence,

it

follows

that…,

result

in,contribute

to第四十四頁，共113頁。（三）結(jié)尾(jiéwěi)段結(jié)尾段概述常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法結(jié)尾段常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的的核心句型第四十五頁，共113頁。結(jié)尾(jiéwěi)段概述

開頭和結(jié)尾往往(wǎngwǎng)是讀者注意

最多的部分。開頭引起讀者注意，提出

主題；結(jié)尾與開頭呼應(yīng)，使讀者感覺全

文論述完整，圓滿結(jié)束。從某種意義上

來說，結(jié)尾更容易給讀者留下深刻印象。人們常把好的文章結(jié)尾稱作是“畫龍點(diǎn)

睛”，可見結(jié)尾部分對整篇文章所起的

作用。第四十六頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法總結(jié)歸納重申主題預(yù)測展望提出建議提出問題(wèntí)引用格言第四十七頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●總結(jié)歸納簡要總結(jié)歸納文章要點(diǎn)，以便深化主題印象。如：In

conclusion

I

would

like

to

say

that

children

need

tounderstood

but

children

also

need

to

understand

theirparents.

It

is

only

when

parents

and

children

come

tounderstand

each

other

that

we

can

solve

problemseffectively

and

narrow

the

generation

gap.分析：文章通過in

conclusion引出(yǐn

chū)對前面所作論述的歸納，使主題更加明確。第四十八頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●重申主題再次(zài

cì)強(qiáng)調(diào)和確定文章開頭闡述的中心思想。如：Admittedly,

science

has

created

atomic

bombs

andproduced

pervasive

pollution.

But

it

has

transformed

tlives

of

millions

of

people.

It

has

multiplied

man’senergy,

hopes,

ambitions

and

understanding.

It

haselevated

and

will

continue

to

elevate

man

intellectualand

spiritually.分析：文章對前文的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了重復(fù)，使之更加鮮明。第四十九頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●預(yù)測展望立足當(dāng)前，放眼未來。如：So

to

sum

up,

we

should

offer

our

help

to

allwho

are

in

need.

We

expect

to

get

love

from

others

and

we

also

give

love

to

others.

I

believethat

the

relationship

between

people

will

beharmonious

and

our

society

will

be

a

better

placefor

us

to

live

in.分析：文章通過對未來積極(jījí)的展望，說明了愛在生活中的重要性。第五十頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●提出建議提出解決問題的途徑、方法或呼吁人們采取相應(yīng)的行動。如：As

the

issue

plays

such

a

key

role

in

our

society,sufficient

attention

should

be

paid

from

both

thegovernment

and

the

public.

The

government

shouldmake

sure

that

the

census

is

well

carried

out

and

thepeople

should

be

actively

involved

in

the

census.分析：文章在結(jié)尾從政府和公眾兩個角度提出建議，以保證(bǎozhèng)人口普查的順利進(jìn)行。第五十一頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●提出問題提出具有發(fā)人深省的問題，從而突出中心思想。如：Old

people

may

choose

to

live

alone

for

themselves

andeven

embrace

this

living

pattern.

But

in

the

deep

part

of

theirhearts,

they

must

feel

lonely.

They

need

their

children

to

staywith,

to

talk

with,

and

take

care

of

them.

Why

can’t

youngpeople

think

of

the

days

when

they

are

getting

old分析：文章最有用一個反問句“年輕人為什么不想想自己年老時的情形”來提醒他們將心比心，設(shè)身處地，去關(guān)心父母(fùmǔ)雙親。第五十二頁，共113頁。常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●引用格言用格言、諺語或習(xí)語總括全文中心思想。如：Many

yeas

ago,

a

great

philosopher

Francis

Baconremarked

that

“Knowledge

…

is

power.”

This

can

nowbe

translated

into

contemporary

terms.

In

our

socialsetting,

“Knowledge

is

change”—and

acceleratingknowledge-acquisition,

fueling

the

great

engine

oftechnology,

means

accelerating

change.分析:文章借用培根“知識(zhī

shi)就是力量”名言的結(jié)構(gòu)，指出“知識(zhī

shi)就是變化”以深化主題，給讀者留下深刻的印象。第五十三頁，共113頁。結(jié)尾(jiéwěi)段常用的的核心句型

●

From

what

has

been

discussed

above

（Taking

into

account

allthese

factors

/

Judgingfrom

all

evidence

offered）,

we

may

safely

draw

（reach

/

cometo

/

arrive

at）

the

conclusion

that

….All

the

evidence

（analysis）

supports

（justifies

/

confirmwarrants

/

points

to）

a（n）unshakable

（unmistakable

/

sound

/

just）

conclusionthat

….It

is

high

time

that

we

place

（lay

/

put）

great

（special

/considerable）

emphasis

onthe

improvement

（development

/

increase

/

promotion）of

….第五十四頁，共113頁。結(jié)尾段常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的的核心句型●

It

is

high

time

that

we

put

an

end

to

the

deep-seated（unhealthy

/

undesirable

/deplorable）

situation

（tendency

/

phenomenon）

of

….We

must

look

（search

/

call

/

cry）

for

an

immediate

action（method

/

measure）,because

the

present

（current）

situation（phenomenon

/

tendency

/

state

/

attitude）

of

…,

ifpermitted

（allowed）

to

continue

（proceed）,

will

surely（certainly）

lead

to

（result

in）

the

end

（destruction

/heavy

cost）

of

….第五十五頁，共113頁。結(jié)尾段常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的的核心句型●

There

is

no

easy

（immediate

/

effective）

solution（approach

/

answer

/

remedy）

tothe

problem

of

…,

but

…

might

be

useful

（helpful

/beneficial）.No

easy

method

（solution

/

recipe

/

remedy）

can

be

athand

（found

/

guaranteed）

to

solve

（resolve

/

tackle）

theproblem

of

…,

but

the

common

（general

/

public）recognition

of

（realization

of

/

awareness

of

/

commitmentto）

the

necessity

（importance

/

significance）

of

…

mightbe

the

first

step

towards

change

（on

the

right

way

/

in

the

rightdirection）.第五十六頁，共113頁。結(jié)尾段常用(chánɡ

yònɡ)的的核心句型

●

Following

these

methods

（suggestions）

may

notguarantee

the

success

in

（solutionto）…,

but

the

pay-off

will

be

worth

the

effort.Obviously

（Clearly

/

No

doubt）,

if

we

ignore（are

blind

to）

the

problem,

there

isevery

chance

that

….Unless

there

is

a

common

realization

of（general

commitment

to）

…,

it

is

very

likely（the

chances

are

good）

that

….第五十七頁，共113頁。結(jié)尾(jiéwěi)段常用的的核心句型

●

There

is

little

doubt

（no

denying）

thaserious

（special

/

adequate

/

immediate

/further）

attention

must

be

called

（paid

/devoted）

to

the

problem

of

….It

is

necessary

（essential

/

fundamentathat

effective

（quick

/

proper）

action（steps/measures

/

remedies）

should

be

taken

toprevent

（correct

/check

/

end

/

fight）

thesituation

（tendency

/

phenomenon）.第五十八頁，共113頁。結(jié)尾段常用的的核心(héxīn)句型●

It

is

hoped

that

great

efforts

should

be

directed

to（expended

on

/

focused

on）

finding（developing

/

improving）

….It

remains

to

be

seen

whether

…,

but

the

prospect（outlook）

is

not

quite

encouraging（that

rosy）.Anyhow,

wider

（more）

education

（publicity）should

be

given

to

the

possible（potential

/

grave

/serious

/

pernicious）consequences

（effects）

of

….第五十九頁，共113頁。結(jié)尾(jiéwěi)段常用的的核心句型●

To

reverse

（check

/

control）

the

trend（tendency）

is

not

a

light

task

（an

easyjob）,and

it

requires

（demands

/

involves

/entails）

a

different

state

of

mind

towards（attitude

towards

/

outlook

on）

….For

these

reasons,

I

strongly

recommendthat

….For

the

reasons

given

above,

I

feelthat

….第六十頁，共113頁。二、寫作(xiězuò)實(shí)例分析議論文說明文應(yīng)用文第六十一頁，共113頁。議論文概論(gàilùn)議論文段落結(jié)構(gòu)議論文案例（1）議論文案例（2）第六十二頁，共113頁。概論(gàilùn)

議論文的第一種形式(xíngshì)是要求考生針對某一有爭議性的兩種觀點(diǎn)，來闡述

自己的立場，或?qū)@一問題反映出的某

一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行駁斥，然后提出自己的看法

并加以論證。它的基本形式(xíngshì)是：一些人認(rèn)為……；另一些人認(rèn)為……；

我的看法……。這種文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如

下：第六十三頁，共113頁。議論文段落(duànluò)結(jié)構(gòu)Paragraph

1

Introduction(啟)Paragraph

2

Analysis(承)Paragraph

3

Conclusion(轉(zhuǎn)合)第六十四頁，共113頁。議論文案例(àn

lì)(1)例如(lìrú)：1.一些人認(rèn)為數(shù)據(jù)庫威脅個人隱私

2.另一些人認(rèn)為數(shù)據(jù)庫有利于提高工作效率3.我的看法My

view

on

Data

Collection第六十五頁，共113頁。My

view

on

Data

Collection

Data

collection

is

a

fact

of

modern

life.Some

argue

that

data

collection

isendangering

the

rights

of

individuals,though

others

see

it

as

a

useful

tool

whichincreases

efficiency.(啟)To

be

frank,Ibelieve

data

collection

does

more

good

thanharm.(作者(zuòzhě)觀點(diǎn))第六十六頁，共113頁。My

view

on

Data

Collection

For

one

thing,

databases

provide

a

very

usetool.

Large

databases

which

containinformation

on

many

individuals

can

enablemore

effective

decisions

to

be

made.Institutions

such

as

government

departmentsand

police

rely

ondata

collection

in

order

to

operate

efficienand

hospitals

use

computerized

records

to

hein

their

fight

against

disease.(承1)第六十七頁，共113頁。My

view

on

Data

Collection

For

another,databases

stored

oncomputer

can

also

be

very

efficient.Datawhich

has

been

collected

in

one

area

can

besent

anywhere

in

the

world

almost

instantlyThis

means

that

those

who

have

legitimateaccess

to

this

data

can

work

very

efficientl(承2)第六十八頁，共113頁。My

view

on

Data

Collection

In

summary,data

collection

onindividuals

can

be

justified,although

allpossible

measures

should

be

taken

tominimize

the

risks.(轉(zhuǎn)合)第六十九頁，共113頁。議論文案例(àn

lì)(2)

議論文的第二種形式是要求考生針對某一有爭議性的觀點(diǎn)，表明自己的觀點(diǎn)(同意或是(huò

shì)不同意)，并提出相應(yīng)的論證。如：Direction:It

is

very

important

that

children

shouldstudy

hard

at

school.

Time

spent

playingsport

is

time

wasted.

Do

you

agree

ordisagree?

Give

yourreasons.第七十頁，共113頁。議論文案例(àn

lì)(2)

We

could

argue

that

children

go

to

school

tostudy

so

that

they

may

become

fullyproductive

adults

and

good

citizens.

Weshould

ask

whether

playing

sport

helpschildren

to

become

betterpeople.If

so,sport

is

not

a

waste

of

time.(啟)第七十一頁，共113頁。議論文案例(àn

lì)(2)It

is

generallybelieved

that

students

need

more

than

theknowledge

of

a

subject.

They

need

to

knowhow

to

work

in

groups

to

achieve

a

mutualgoal,

how

to

work

as

a

team.

Where

better

tolearn

those

skills

than

on

the

sports

field?Any

of

the

team

sports

involve

coordinationwith

other

players,understanding

and

adopting

a

team

mentality.These

skills

are

too

useful

to

be

ignored.

(1)第七十二頁，共113頁。議