高考英語學(xué)科閱讀科普文關(guān)鍵問題與能力訓(xùn)練（一）

2024屆高三畢業(yè)班英語學(xué)科閱讀科普文關(guān)鍵問題與能力訓(xùn)練選送（一）1Thesteamengine,electriclighting,refrigeration.Ifyou'rewonderingwhatthesethingshaveincommon,they'reexamplesoftransformativetechnologiesthatliftedworkerproductivity.DoesgenerativeAIbelongonthatlist?Hardlyadaypasseswithoutsomenewsofthegreatthingsthatso-calledlargelanguagemodels(LLMs)cando—fromwritingacademicpaperstodesigningbuildings—alongwithprojectionsonhowmanyjobswillbewipedoutascompaniesfigureoutwaystoapplythenewtechnology.ButeconomistsaredividedonwhetherthelikesofOpenAI'sChatGPTorGoogle'sBardhavethepotentialtojump-startproductivitygrowthworldwide.ResearchersinaconsultingfirmprojectAIwilldeliver$4.4trillionineconomicbenefitsannuallytotheglobaleconomy,equalto4.4%ofglobaloutputin2022.HarvardprofessorNeeleylikensthebirthofgenerativeAItothearrivaloftheInternet."Itisexactlythatmomentwearefacingagain—thatvitalmomentthatforeverchangeshowwework,howweinteractwithoneanother,howwethink,howweproduce.Weareatthatmomentagain."Thereareplentyofreasonstobeskeptical,though.RobertGordon,aprofessoratNorthwesternUniversityandauthorofTheRiseandFallofAmericanGrowth,arguesthattheInternetandAIhaven'tbeenasrevolutionaryaswhateconomistscallgeneral-purposetechnologies,suchaselectricity.WorriesaboutAIreplacingworkershavebeenatthecenterofalabordisputeinHollywoodwritersandactors.AsurveybyMicrosoftfoundthat49%ofthepeoplesaythey'reworriedAIwillreplacetheirjobs.Ontheflipside,blue-collarworkerscouldbenefit."Itwon'tchangeblue-collarwork,butitwillchangewhocangetoutofblue-collarworkandgetintobetterjobs,"aneconomichistorianatCornellUniversitysays，"Wearelivingthroughoneofthoseturningpointsinhumanhistory."1.WhydoestheauthormentionOpenAI'sChatGPTandGoogle'sBard?A.Tointroduceadebate.B.Todefineaconcept.C.Tomakeaprediction.D.Toexplainatechnology.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"likens"meaninparagraph3?A.contributes.B.compares.C.attaches.D.changes.3.WhatcanweknowaboutRobertGordon?A.HeisinfavorofAI.B.HesuspectsAI'srevolutionaryrole.C.Heisaneconomistandauthor.D.Heactsasanelectricityprofessor.4.Whatdoestheeconomichistorianthinkaboutblue-collarworkintheAI-era?A.Doubtful.B.Worrying.C.Fascinating.D.Promising.[導(dǎo)語]本文是一篇說明文。文章探討了人工智能對(duì)整個(gè)社會(huì)的影響，并介紹了幾位研究人員對(duì)人工智能的不同看法。一、答案：1.A2.B3.B4.D二、詞塊注析1.transformative有變革能力的2.generative有生產(chǎn)力的3.projection預(yù)測(cè)，推斷4.divided有分歧的5.likes類似的人或物6.liftworkerproductivity提高工人生產(chǎn)力7.jump-start快速啟動(dòng)8.interactwith與…互動(dòng)9.general-purposetechnology通用技術(shù)10.ontheflipside相反地，在另一方面三．長難句Hardlyadaypasseswithoutsomenewsofthegreatthingsthatso-calledlargelanguagemodelscando---fromwritingacademicpaperstodesigningbuildings---alongwithprojectionsonhowmanyjobswillbewipedoutascompaniesfigureoutwaystoapplythenewtechnology.幾乎每天都有一些了不起新事物的消息，比如所謂的大型語言模型既能撰寫學(xué)術(shù)論文，又能設(shè)計(jì)建筑。還有一些預(yù)測(cè)，關(guān)于伴隨著公司研究出如何應(yīng)用新技術(shù)，未來會(huì)有多少工作會(huì)消失。分析：主語是aday，謂語是passes，that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞thegreatthings，howmany引導(dǎo)賓語從句，as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，Hardly、without雙重否定表肯定?！癛obertGordon,aprofessoratNorthwesternUniversityandauthorofTheRiseandFallofAmericanGrowth,arguesthattheInternetandAIhaven'tbeenasrevolutionaryaswhateconomistscallgeneral-purposetechnologies,suchaselectricity.西北大學(xué)教授、《美國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的興衰》一書的作者羅伯特·戈登認(rèn)為，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和人工智能并不像經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家所說的通用技術(shù)比如電力，那樣具有革命性。分析：RobertGordonandauthorofTheRiseandFallofAmericanGrowth是主語，aprofessoratNorthwesternUniversity是同位語主語，謂語是argues，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中充當(dāng)賓語成分。3.“Itisexactlythatmomentwearefacingagain-thatvitalmomentthatforeverchangeshowwework,howweinteractwithoneanother,howwethink,howweproduce.這正是我們?cè)俅蚊媾R的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，這個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻將永遠(yuǎn)改變我們的工作方式、我們與他人的互動(dòng)方式、我們的思考方式、我們的生產(chǎn)方式。分析：主語是It，謂語是is，exactlythatmoment充當(dāng)表語，第一個(gè)that是限定詞，第二個(gè)that也是限定詞，第三個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞thatvitalmoment，定語從句中how引導(dǎo)四個(gè)并列賓語從句。莆田五中高三備課組推送2Sometalkofbuildingsettlementsonthemoonormarstohelpmakesurehumanitysurviveslongintothefuture.Othershavetheirsightssetclosertohome:onfuturecitiesundertheocean."Technologicallyspeaking,itisabsolutelypossibletocolonizethebottomofthesea,"saysFabienCousteau,awell-knownoceanexplorerwhooncespent31dayslivinginwhatisnowtheworld'sonlyfunctioningunderseahabitat,Aquarius.It'saboutthesizeofaschoolbusandlocated62feetbelowtheoceansurfaceofftheFloridaKeys.Justasastronautstestwhatitwouldbeliketoliveinspace,aquanautstryoutundersealivingwithaneyeonthefuture.Escapingfromdisasterssuchasclimatechange,wars,orpandemicsisonereasontoliveunderthesea.Othersincludestudying,exploring,orappreciatingtheocean.It'scostlyandexpensivetoconstantlykeepupanoceanhabitatwhichmustpumpinormakeitsownair,electricity,andfreshwater.Inhabitantshavetodealwithhighpressure.Andinfectionscandeveloprapidlyduetohighhumidity.Despitethechallenges,severalnewoceanhabitatsandcitiesareunderconstruction.Aseriesofspacestation-likeundersealivingquartersforaquanautscalledProteusarescheduledtobecompletedby2025offCuracao,anislandnorthofVenezuelainSouthAmerica.AnunderseacolonycalledVenBaseAlphawillbebuiltnearahydrothermalvent,whichwouldsupplyitwithenergy.Meanwhile,anunderseacitycalledOceanSpiralinJapanwouldlinkitssurfacetothedeepsea,usingthedifferenceinpressuretogenerateenergyandproducefreshwater.Thissoundsamazing,butitwouldbeextremelyexpensiveandremainsjustadesign.Noteveryoneagreesthatbuildinghomesintheoceanisagoodidea.Thistypeofdevelopmentcouldplaceevenmorestrainonecosystemsthatarealreadystrugglingwithpollutionandclimatechange.It'simportanttomakesurethatanyconstructionisdonecarefully,saysSusanneMenden-Deuer,anoceanographerattheUniversityofRhodeIsland.Wildunderseahabitatsshouldbetreatedas"theprecious,irreplaceableresourcethattheyare,"shesays.28.WhatdoweknowaboutAquarius?A.Itisstillunderconstruction.B.Itfunctionsasanunderseaschoolbus.C.Itistheonlyoceanhabitatinoperation.D.Itonlyallowsapersontolivetherefor31days.29.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thepresentandfutureoflivingunderthesea.B.Thereasonsandchallengesoflivingunderthesea.C.Thepurposeandcostofbuildingunderseasettlements.D.Theproblemsandfindingsofbuildingunderseasettlements.30.Whatwouldbetheresultofbuildinghomesintheoceanaccordingtothetext?A.Rapiddevelopmentofunderseahabitats.B.Protectionofirreplaceableoceanresource.C.Negativeimpactsonunderseaecosystems.D.Struggleswithpollutionandclimatechange.31.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.C.Anacademicarticle.D.Asciencemagazine.解析：第28題

C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文章，Aquarius是世界上唯一一個(gè)正在運(yùn)行的海底棲息地，位于佛羅里達(dá)群島附近的海洋表面以下62英尺處。第29題

B

。根據(jù)第三段，生活在海底的原因包括逃避氣候變化、戰(zhàn)爭或大流行病等災(zāi)難，以及研究、探索或欣賞海洋。同時(shí)，生活在海底的挑戰(zhàn)包括高昂的成本、高壓環(huán)境以及由于高濕度而導(dǎo)致的感染問題。因此，第三段主要講述了生活在海底的原因和挑戰(zhàn)。第30題

C

。根據(jù)最后一段，文章提到建筑物在海洋中可能會(huì)給已經(jīng)受污染和氣候變化影響的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)增加更大的壓力。因此，根據(jù)上下文，建筑物在海洋中的建設(shè)可能會(huì)對(duì)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。因此，選項(xiàng)C.Negativeimpactsonunderseaecosystems.（對(duì)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的負(fù)面影響。）是正確答案。第31題

D

。根據(jù)文章的風(fēng)格和內(nèi)容，最有可能的來源是一本科學(xué)雜志。文章討論了建筑物在海洋中的可能性、挑戰(zhàn)、目前的進(jìn)展以及對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響。詞塊：colonizevt.把…變?yōu)橹趁竦豠quanautn.海底觀察員；海底實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作人員infectionn.傳染病humidityn.濕度pumpin大量注入generateenergy產(chǎn)生能量hydrothermalvent水熱通道：位于海底裂隙中的熱液噴口，特別是在中洋脊附近的噴口，從中噴出富含礦物質(zhì)的超熱水。place(v.)strainon帶來壓力oceanographern.海洋學(xué)家；海洋研究者irreplaceableresource不可取代的能源長難句："Technologicallyspeaking,itisabsolutelypossibletocolonizethebottomofthesea,"saysFabienCousteau,awell-knownoceanexplorerwhooncespent31dayslivinginwhatisnowtheworld'sonlyfunctioningunderseahabitat,Aquarius.“從技術(shù)上講，在海底定居是完全可能的，”著名的海洋探險(xiǎn)家法比安·庫斯托(FabienCousteau)說，他曾經(jīng)在現(xiàn)在世界上唯一一個(gè)正常運(yùn)作的海底棲息地——寶瓶座(Aquarius)生活了31天。這個(gè)句子中awell-knownoceanexplorer為FabienCousteau的同位語，whooncespent31dayslivinginwhatisnowtheworld'sonlyfunctioningunderseahabitat,Aquarius.是這個(gè)同位語的定語從句。Aseriesofspacestation-likeundersealivingquartersforaquanautscalledProteusarescheduledtobecompletedby2025offCuracao,anislandnorthofVenezuelainSouthAmerica.一系列類似空間站的水下生活區(qū)被稱為“普羅特斯”，計(jì)劃于2025年在南美洲委內(nèi)瑞拉北部的庫拉索島附近完工。這個(gè)句子主語較長是因?yàn)榧恿溯^多限定，其中calledProteus為過去分詞做后置定語。anislandnorthofVenezuelainSouthAmerica做Curacao的同位語。Meanwhile,anunderseacitycalledOceanSpiralinJapanwouldlinkitssurfacetothedeepsea,usingthedifferenceinpressuretogenerateenergyandproducefreshwater.與此同時(shí)，日本一座名為“海洋螺旋”(OceanSpiral)的海底城市將把它的表面與深海連接起來，利用壓力差來產(chǎn)生能量并生產(chǎn)淡水。這個(gè)句子里usingthedifferenceinpressuretogenerateenergyandproducefreshwater為分詞做狀語。莆田一中高三備課組推送3Theterm“metaverse”isthelatestbuzzword(流行術(shù)語)tocapturethetechindustry'simagination-somuchsothatoneofthebest-knownInternetplatformsisrebrandingitselftosignalitsembraceofthefuturisticidea.FacebookCEOMarkZuckerberg'sannouncementthathe'schanginghiscompany'snametoMetaPlatformsInc.mightbethebiggestthingtohappentothemetaversesincesciencefictionwriterNealStephensoncoinedthetermforhisnovel“SnowCrash”publishedin1992.ButZuckerbergandhisteamarehardlytheonlytechvisionarieswithideasonhowthemetaverse,whichwillemployamixofvirtualrealityandothertechnologies,shouldtakeshape.Whatisthemetaverse?Zuckerberghasdescribeditasa“virtualenvironment"youcangoinsideof-insteadofjustlookingatonascreen.Essentially,it'saworldofendless,interconnectedvirtualcommunitieswherepeoplecanmeet,workandplay,usingvirtualrealityheadsetsandglasses,smartphonesorotherdevices.Themetaversecouldalsobeagame-changerforthework-from-homeshiftamidthecoronaviruspandemic.Insteadofseeingco-workersonavideocall,employeescouldjointheminavirtualoffice.Zuckerberg'sembraceofthemetaverseinsomewayscontradictsacentraltenet(信條)ofitsbiggestenthusiasts.Theyenvisionthemetaverseasonlineculture'sliberationfromtechplatformslikeFacebookthatassumedownershipofpeople'saccounts,photos,postsandtradedonwhattheycollectedfromthatdata.“WewanttobeabletomovearoundtheInternetwithease,butwealsowanttobeabletomovearoundtheInternetinawaywe'renottrackedormonitored,"saidSteveJang,whofocusesoncryptocurrency(數(shù)字貨幣)technology.ThereisagrowingconcernaboutFacebooktryingtoleadthewayintoavirtualworldthatcouldrequireevenmorepersonaldataandoffergreaterpotentialforabuseandmisinformationwhenithasn'tfixedthoseproblemsinitscurrentplatforms.WhyisZuckerbergchangingthenameofhiscompany?Becauseheplanstoquithispresentbusiness.Becausehehasfoundedthemetaverse.Becausehewillengageinthemetaverse.Becausehewantstodrawpublicattention.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecentralbeliefofmetaversefans?Usersshouldberesponsiblefortheirpersonaldata.Cryptocurrencytechnologyshouldbemonitored.Techplatformsshouldpossessusers'data.Themetaverseshouldbetracked.Whatcanpeopledointhemetaverse?Doeverythingintherealworld. Havemeetingsinthevirtualoffice. Defeatthepandemic. Seeco-workersonavideocall. WhatdosomepeoplethinkofZuckerberg'sdecision?Facebookwillgainpeople'strust.FacebookwillmaketheInternetabetterworld.Facebookmaynotabuseinformation.Facebookmaynotplayagoodleadingrole.【語篇內(nèi)容】文章闡述了什么是元宇宙及元宇宙存在的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)安全隱患問題。C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...Zuckerberg’sannouncementthathe'schanginghiscompany'snametoMetaPlatformsInc.”和“ButZuckerbergandhisteamarehardlytheonlytechvisionarieswithideasonhowthemetaverse...shouldtakeshape.”可知,扎克伯格和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)將從事元宇宙技術(shù)方面的研究(engageinthemetaverse),轉(zhuǎn)型元宇宙領(lǐng)域,故將公司改名為MetaPlatformsInc.。A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theyenvisionthemetaverseasonlineculture'sliberationfromtechplatformslikeFacebookthatassumedownershipofpeople'saccounts,photos,posts”可知,元宇宙就是要讓網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶從擁有人們的賬戶、照片、帖子等信息的Facebook等技術(shù)平臺(tái)解放出來,由此推知用戶應(yīng)該對(duì)個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)負(fù)責(zé)(Usersshouldberesponsiblefortheirpersonaldata.)。B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Insteadofseeingco-workersonavideocall,employeescouldjointheminavirtualoffice."可推知,在元宇宙中可以在虛擬辦公室開會(huì)(Havemeetingsinthevirtualoffice.)。D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ThereisagrowingconcernaboutFacebooktryingtoleadthewayintoavirtualworldthatcouldrequireevenmorepersonaldataandoffergreaterpotentialforabuseandmisinformationwhenithasn'tfixedthoseproblemsinitscurrentplatforms.”可知,Facebook尚未解決個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)安全方面的問題,扎克伯格進(jìn)軍元宇宙的決定可能會(huì)帶來更大的問題,由此推知,Facebook可能不會(huì)起到很好的主導(dǎo)作用(maynotplayagoodleadingrole)。＊詞塊注析：cointheterm創(chuàng)造術(shù)語amixof混合virtualreality虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)takeshape形成describe...as...把...描述成...insteadof而不是joinin加入envision...as...把...想象成...focuson專注于leadthewayinto引領(lǐng)進(jìn)...＊長難句漢語翻譯和結(jié)構(gòu)分析：ButZuckerbergandhisteamarehardlytheonlytechvisionarieswithideasonhowthemetaverse,whichwillemployamixofvirtualrealityandothertechnologies,shouldtakeshape.但是，扎克伯格和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)并不是唯一對(duì)元宇宙應(yīng)該如何形成有想法的科技?jí)粝爰遥瑳r且元宇宙是虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)和其他技術(shù)相結(jié)合的。howthemetaverse...shouldtakeplace是跟在介詞on后面的賓語從句，且中間插入了一個(gè)定語從句whichwillemployamixofvirtualrealityandothertechnologies來修飾先行詞metaverse。Essentially,it'saworldofendless,interconnectedvirtualcommunitieswherepeoplecanmeet,workandplay,usingvirtualrealityheadsetsandglasses,smartphonesorotherdevices.從本質(zhì)上講，這是一個(gè)沒有盡頭的、相互關(guān)聯(lián)的虛擬世界，人們可以在這里使用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)耳機(jī)、眼鏡、智能手機(jī)或其他設(shè)備一起見面、工作和娛樂。wherepeoplecanmeet,workandplay是修飾先行詞communities的定語從句，usingvirtualrealityheadsetsandglasses,smartphonesorotherdevices是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。ThereisagrowingconcernaboutFacebooktryingtoleadthewayintoavirtualworldthatcouldrequireevenmorepersonaldataandoffergreaterpotentialforabuseandmisinformationwhenithasn'tfixedthoseproblemsinitscurrentplatforms.越來越多的人擔(dān)心Facebook試圖引領(lǐng)人們進(jìn)入一個(gè)虛擬世界，這就需要更多的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)。但在這個(gè)平臺(tái)目前還沒有解決這些問題的情況下，它就具有更大的濫用信息和錯(cuò)誤信息的可能性。tryingtoleadthewayintoavirtualworld是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，thatcouldrequireevenmorepersonaldataandoffergreaterpotentialforabuseandmisinformationwhenithasn'tfixedthoseproblemsinitscurrentplatforms為定語從句修飾先行詞virtualworld,且定語從句中插入了when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。福建省仙游一中劉暢推薦4ThenonprofitorganizationTheClubofRomerecentlyconductedastudy.Itpredictsthattheworld'spopulation,whichiscurrently7.96billion,willpeakat8.6billioninthemiddleofthecenturybeforedecliningbynearly2billionbeforethecentury’send.Theforecastisbothgoodandbadnewsforhumanity:adecreasinghumanpopulationwillslightlyreduceEarth’senvironmentalproblems,butitisfarfrombeingthemostimportantfactorinsolvingthem.Andfallingpopulationswillmakehumanityolderasawholeandlowertheproportion(比例)ofworking-agepeople,placingevengreaterpressureontheyoungtopayforhealthcareandlife.TheresearchersfromEarth4All,whichismadeupofenvironmentalscientistsandeconomists,publishedtheirfindingsonMarch27inaworkingpaper.“Weknowrapideconomicdevelopmentinlow-incomecountrieshasahugeimpactonfertilityrates(生育率),”PerEspenStoknes,theprojectleadofEarth4All,saidinastatement.“Earth4Allalsostudiesotherfactorsaffectingfertilityrates,combiningsomechangingfactorsconnectedtotheenvironmentandtheeconomy.Theseincludeenergyenrichment,inequality,foodproduction,incomelevelsandtheimpactsoffutureglobalwarming.”Thisstudyisafollow-uptoTheClubofRome’s1972LimitstoGrowthstudy,whichwarnedtheworldofanupcoming“populationbomb”.Thenewresultisdifferentfromotherrecentpopulationforecasts.Forinstance,in2022,theUnitedNationsestimatedthattheworldpopulationwouldreach9.7billionby2050andriseto10.4billionby2100.Theteamofthenewstudyalsoinvestigatedtheconnectionbetweenpopulationsizesandtheplanet’sabilitytosupporthumanpopulations.Theyfoundthat,contrarytopopularMalthusiannarratives(馬爾薩斯人口論),populationsizeisnotthekeyfactordrivingclimatechange.Instead.theyblamedtheworld'srichestindividualsfortheirhighlevelsofconsumptionwhichtheythoughtmustbereduced.“Humanity’smainproblemisluxurycarbonconsumption,notthepopulation,”JorgenRanders,amemberofEarth4Al1,saidinthestatement.1.Accordingtothenewstudy,howwilltheworld'spopulationchange?A.Increaseregularlyonceinawhile.B.Sufferabigdropfromaround2050.C.Meetarecordlowatthecentury'send.D.Achieveanequaldistributionaroundtheworld.2.Whatdoesthenewforecastindicate?A.Moreenergeticworkers.B.Heavierpressureontheyoung.C.Acompletesocialsecuritysystem.D.Anenvironmentallyfriendlyfuture.3.WhatdoPerEspenStoknes'wordsinParagraph3focuson?A.Whatmaycauselowincomes.B.Howtodealwithglobalwarming.C.Whatcontributetofertilityrates'decline.D.Howtoachieverapideconomicdevelopment.4.WhatmayMalthusiannarrativesshow?A.Climatechangeisimpossibletoavoid.B.Theearthisabletoholdhugepopulations.C.Highconsumptionpromoteseconomicgrowth.D.Climatechangemainlyresultsfromhugepopulations.答案：BBCD10個(gè)詞塊注析：1.nonprofitorganization非營利組織2.conductedastudy做了一項(xiàng)研究3.inthemiddleofthecentury在世紀(jì)中期4.environmentalproblems環(huán)境問題5.placegreaterpressureonsb.給某人施加更大的壓力6.inaworkingpaper在初步的論文中7.rapideconomicdevelopment經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長8.hasahugeimpacton對(duì)...產(chǎn)生巨大影響9.afollow-upto...的后續(xù)10.contraryto與...相反3個(gè)長難句：Itpredictsthattheworld'spopulation,whichiscurrently7.96billion,willpeakat8.6billioninthemiddleofthecenturybeforedecliningbynearly2billionbeforethecentury’send.譯文：當(dāng)前世界人為79.6億，據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，本世紀(jì)中葉人口將達(dá)到86億的峰值，在本世紀(jì)結(jié)束前人口將減少近20億。解析：本句為復(fù)合句。predictsthat引導(dǎo)賓語從句，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面的先行詞“worldpopulation”,“willpeak”是賓語從句中真正的謂語。Earth4Allalsostudiesotherfactorsaffectingfertilityrates,combiningsomechangingfactorsconnectedtotheenvironmentandtheeconomy.譯文：Earth4All還研究了影響生育率的其他因素，將一些與環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)有關(guān)的不斷變化的因素結(jié)合起來。解析：本句中,studies是謂語,affectingfertilityrates為分詞短語做factors的后置定語,combining現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。Theyfoundthat,contrarytopopularMalthusiannarratives(馬爾薩斯人口論),populationsizeisnotthekeyfactordrivingclimatechange.譯文：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與馬爾薩斯人口論的流行說法相反，人口數(shù)量并不是導(dǎo)致氣候變化的關(guān)鍵因素。解析：本句contraryto...為插入語，foundthat引導(dǎo)賓語從句，populationsizeisnotthekeyfactordrivingclimatechange是found的賓語從句。莆田第六中學(xué)陳志祥推送5Duringdeepsleep,thebrainappearstowashawaywasteproductsthatincreasetheriskforAlzheimer’sdisease.Ahostofnewresearchstudiessuggestthatthisstageofsleep--whendreamsarerareandthebrainfollowsaslow,steadybeat--canhelpreducelevelsofbeta-amyloidandtauprotein,twocharacteristicsofthedisease.“Thereissomethingaboutthisdeepsleepthatishelpingprotectyou,”saysMatthewWalker,aprofessorofneuroscienceandpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Theresearchcomesafterdecadesofobservationslinkingpoorsleeptolong-termproblemswithmemoryandthinking,Walkersays.“WearenowlearningthatthereisasignificantrelationshipbetweensleepandAlzheimer’sdisease.”Thestrongestevidenceinvolvesdeepsleep,hesays.That’swhenbodytemperaturedropsandthebrainbeginstoproduceslow,rhythmicelectricalwaves.SoWalkerandateamofscientistssetouttoansweraquestion:“CanIlookintoyourfutureandcanIaccuratelyestimatehowmuchbeta-amyloidyou’regoingtoaccumulateoverthenexttwoyears,thenextfouryears,thenextsixyears,simplyonthebasisofyoursleeptonight?”Tofindout,Walker’steamstudied32peopleintheir70swhohadtakenpartinasleepstudythatlookedfortheslowelectricalwavesthatsignaldeepsleep.Noneoftheparticipantshadmemoryproblems.Thescientistsusedbrainscanstomonitorlevelsofbeta-amyloidineachparticipantforuptosixyears.Andtheresults,publishedintheNov.2issueofthejournalCurrentBiology,showedpeoplewhogotlessdeepsleephadmorebeta-amyloid.“WehaveaspecificsleepsignaturerightnowthatseemstohelpusbetterunderstandwhereyoumaysitontheAlzheimer’srisktrackinthefuture”,Walkersays.Otherstudieshavefoundthatalackofdeepsleepisassociatedwithhigherlevelsoftauprotein,whichformsharmfulsubstancesinsidethebraincellsandcausesAlzheimer’sdisease.32.Whichofthefollowingisrelatedtodeepsleep?A.Disorderedheartbeat.B.Increasedwasteproducts.C.Decreasedbeta-amyloidandtauprotein.D.Highfrequencyofsweetdreams.33.Whatdothescientistsfindfromthestudy?A.Thereisalwaysabodytemperatureriseduringdeepsleep.B.Thelevelofbeta-amyloidremainsstableregardlessofsleepquality.DeepsleepreducesthepossibilityofdevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease.Peoplewithlesssleeparemorelikelytohavememoryproblems.HowdoestauproteinleadtoAlzheimer’sdisease?Byproducingdamagingmatter. Byinfluencingsleepquality.Byslowingelectricalwaves. Byreducingbrainactivity.35.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.GoodsleepcomesfromgoodlifestyleB.DeepsleeppreventsAlzheimer’sdiseaseC.ScientistsfoundouthowtohavedeepsleepD.Problemswithmemoryandthinkingcanbesolved答案：本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是在深度睡眠期間，大腦似乎會(huì)洗掉增加患阿爾茨海默病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的廢物，從而幫助預(yù)防阿爾茨海默病。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ahostofnewresearchstudiessuggestthatthisstageofsleep--whendreamsarerareandthebrainfollowsaslow,steadybeat--canhelpreducelevelsofbeta-amyloidandtauprotein,twocharacteristicsofthedisease.(許多新的研究表明，這一睡眠階段——很少做夢(mèng)，大腦遵循緩慢而穩(wěn)定的節(jié)奏——可以幫助降低β-淀粉樣蛋白和tau蛋白的水平，這是這種疾病的兩個(gè)特征。)”可知，與深度睡眠有關(guān)的是β-淀粉樣蛋白和tau蛋白減少。故選C。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ahostofnewresearchstudiessuggestthatthisstageofsleep--whendreamsarerareandthebrainfollowsaslow,steadybeat--canhelpreducelevelsofbeta-amyloidandtauprotein,twocharacteristicsofthedisease.(許多新的研究表明，這一睡眠階段——很少做夢(mèng)，大腦遵循緩慢而穩(wěn)定的節(jié)奏——可以幫助降低β-淀粉樣蛋白和tau蛋白的水平，這是這種疾病的兩個(gè)特征。)”和最后一段的“Otherstudieshavefoundthatalackofdeepsleepisassociatedwithhigherlevelsoftauprotein,whichformsharmfulsubstancesinsidethebraincellsandcausesAlzheimer’sdisease.(其他研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，深度睡眠不足與tau蛋白水平升高有關(guān)。tau蛋白會(huì)在腦細(xì)胞內(nèi)形成有害物質(zhì)，導(dǎo)致阿爾茨海默病。)”可知，科學(xué)家們從研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)深度睡眠可以降低患阿爾茨海默氏癥的可能性，故選C。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Otherstudieshavefoundthatalackofdeepsleepisassociatedwithhigherlevelsoftauprotein,whichformsharmfulsubstancesinsidethebraincellsandcausesAlzheimer’sdisease.(其他研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，深度睡眠不足與tau蛋白水平升高有關(guān)。tau蛋白會(huì)在腦細(xì)胞內(nèi)形成有害物質(zhì)，導(dǎo)致阿爾茨海默病。)”可知，tau蛋白通過產(chǎn)生有害物質(zhì)導(dǎo)致阿爾茨海默病，故選A。35．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Duringdeepsleep,thebrainappearstowashawaywasteproductsthatincreasetheriskforAlzheimer’sdisease.(在深度睡眠期間，大腦似乎會(huì)洗掉增加患阿爾茨海默病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的廢物。)”可知，本文主要講的是在深度睡眠期間，大腦似乎會(huì)洗掉增加患阿爾茨海默病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的廢物，也就是深度睡眠可以預(yù)防阿爾茨海默病，因此最好的題目是B選項(xiàng)“DeepsleeppreventsAlzheimer’sdisease(深度睡眠可以預(yù)防老年癡呆癥)”，故選B。詞塊注釋：washaway沖走ahostof許多；很多3.link...to將...和...聯(lián)系起來4.setout出發(fā)，啟程；開始（著手）5.lookinto朝...里面看；調(diào)查，研究；lookintothefuture展望未來6.takepartin參加，參與7.lookfor尋找；找尋8.beassociatedwith與...有聯(lián)系9.onthebasisof,,,基于...；在...基礎(chǔ)上=bebasedoninone’s70s在某人七十幾歲時(shí)長難句分析:Ahostofnewresearchstudiessuggestthatthisstageofsleep--whendreamsarerareandthebrainfollowsaslow,steadybeat--canhelpreducelevelsofbeta-amyloidandtauprotein,twocharacteristicsofthedisease.許多新的研究表明，睡眠的這一階段——做夢(mèng)很少，大腦緩慢而穩(wěn)定地跳動(dòng)——可以幫助降低β淀粉樣蛋白和tau蛋白的水平，這是該疾病的兩個(gè)特征。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，包含一個(gè)賓語從句。主句Ahostofnewresearchstudiessuggest和一個(gè)賓語從句thatthisstageofsleep--...canhelpreduce...。賓語從句中包含一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句whendreamsarerareandthebrainfollowsaslow,steadybeat,和一個(gè)賓語同位語twocharacteristicsofthedisease。2.“CanIlookintoyourfutureandcanIaccuratelyestimatehowmuchbeta-amyloidyou’regoingtoaccumulateoverthenexttwoyears,thenextfouryears,thenextsixyears,simplyonthebasisofyoursleeptonight?”“我能展望你的未來嗎？我能僅僅根據(jù)你今晚的睡眠情況，準(zhǔn)確估計(jì)你在未來兩年、四年、六年內(nèi)會(huì)積累多少β淀粉樣蛋白嗎？”這各句子由并列連詞and連接兩個(gè)并列句組成的一般疑問句，其中第二個(gè)疑問句包含一個(gè)主句canIaccuratelyestimate和一個(gè)賓語從句howmuchbeta-amyloidyou’regoingtoaccumulate...thenextsixyears。而介詞短語simplyonthebasisofyoursleeptonight單獨(dú)逗號(hào)隔開作狀語修飾主句canIaccuratelyestimate。3.Otherstudieshavefoundthatalackofdeepsleepisassociatedwithhigherlevelsoftauprotein,whichformsharmfulsubstancesinsidethebraincellsandcausesAlzheimer’sdisease.其他研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，缺乏深度睡眠與tau蛋白水平較高有關(guān)，tau蛋白在腦細(xì)胞內(nèi)形成有害物質(zhì)，并導(dǎo)致阿爾茨海默病。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，包含主句Otherstudieshavefound...和一個(gè)賓語從句thatalackofdeepsleepisassociatedwithhigherlevelsoftauprotein,whichforms...andcausesAlzheimer’sdisease.賓語從句中含有一個(gè)非限制性定語從句whichformsharmfulsubstancesinsidethebraincellsandcausesAlzheimer’sdisease.關(guān)系代詞which指代前面先行詞tauprotein。莆田第十中學(xué)陳建新推送6Personalizedmedicinechangesconventionalmedicinewhichtypicallyoffersblanketrecommendationsandofferstreatmentsdesignedtohelpmorepeoplethantheyharmbutthatmightnotworkforyou.Theapproachrecognizesweeachpossessuniquecharacteristics,andthattheyhaveanoutsizeimpactonourhealth.Aroundtheworld,researchersarecreatingprecisiontoolsunimaginablejustadecadeago:superfastDNAsequencing（測(cè)序），tissueengineering，cellreprogramming,geneediting,andmore.Thescienceandtechnologysoonwillmakeitpossibletopredictyourriskofcancer,heartdisease,andcountlessotherillnessesyearsbeforeyougetsick.Theworkalsooffersprospectsforchanginggenesinremovingsomediseases.Lastspring,researchersattheNationalCancerInstitutereportedthedramaticrecoveryofawomanwithbreastcancer,JudyPerkins.TheTeam,ledbyStevenRosenberg，animmune（免疫的）treatmentpioneer，hadsequencedhercancercells'DNAtoanalyzethechangesinthegeneticstructure.Theteamalsoextractedasamplingofimmunecellsandtestedthemtoseewhichonesrecognizedhercancercells'geneticfaults.ThescientistsreproducedthewinningimmunecellsbythebillionsandputthemintoPerkinstoattackhercancercells.Morethantwoyearslater,Perkins,aretiredengineerfromFlorida,showsnosignsofcancer.Thirtyyearsago,scientiststhoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibletounderstandourgeneticrulesandsequencethe3.2billionpairsofdifferentelementsinourDNA.“Itwaslikeyouweretalkingfairytales,"RazelleKurzroc