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會(huì)計(jì)實(shí)操文庫(kù)高考英語短句詞匯解析100個(gè)經(jīng)典長(zhǎng)難句解析匯總1.Lookingbeyondthe10-yearperiod,thebotanistsestimatethatsome3,000nativeplantspeciesmaybecomeextinctintheforeseeablefuture—morethan10percentoftheapproximately25,000speciesofplantsintheUnitedStates.在展望10年后的情況時(shí)植物學(xué)家們估計(jì),在未來可預(yù)見到的時(shí)間內(nèi),3000種本地植物——占美國(guó)近25000種植物的10%——將可能滅絕。2.Theannualmigrationsofwildfowlandmanyotheranimalscertainlycannotberegardedasaformofexploration,becausesuchmovementsareactuallyonlyshiftsfromonehabitattoanotherforthepurposeofavoidingseasonalclimaticvariations.野生禽類和許多其他動(dòng)物每年的遷徙,當(dāng)然不能被看做是一種探險(xiǎn)行為,因?yàn)?,這些遷徙活動(dòng)實(shí)際上只是從一個(gè)棲息地轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)棲息地,以躲避氣候的季節(jié)性變化。3.ProponentsofG-Mfoodsargueusingbiotechnologyintheproductionoffoodproductshasmanybenefits:itspeedsuptheprocessofbreedingplantsandanimalswithdesiredcharacteristics;canbeusedtointroducetraitsthataproductwouldn‘ttraditionallyhave;canimprovethenutritionalvalueofproducts;andcanproducecheaperandmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyfertilizers.轉(zhuǎn)基因食物的倡導(dǎo)者指出,用生物技術(shù)生產(chǎn)食物有很多益處:它能加速作物和牲畜的生長(zhǎng)速度,并使它們具有所要求的特點(diǎn);它可以給食物增添以往不具備的特征;可以改進(jìn)食物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值;可以生產(chǎn)出廉價(jià)、環(huán)保效果更好的肥料。4.Whatmakesthisdebateuniqueisthateverymealweeatisatitsverycore.Andthatfactmeansonething:i‘tsanissuetobediscussednotonlyaroundpolicytables,butdinnertables.使這場(chǎng)辯論不同一般的是:我們吃的每頓飯都成為爭(zhēng)論的中心。而且,這個(gè)事實(shí)意味著一件事:這不僅是政策制定會(huì)上應(yīng)該討論的問題,而且是飯桌上要討論的問題。5.“Contactusbeforewritingyourapplication”or“Makeuseofourlongexperienceinpreparingyourcurriculumvitaeorjobhistory”ishowitisusuallyexpressed.“寫申請(qǐng)前同我們聯(lián)系”,“利用我們多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來準(zhǔn)備你的學(xué)歷或工作經(jīng)歷”,這種廣告經(jīng)常這樣宣傳。6.Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitistheincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatallpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofthecurriculumvitae.但是,毫無疑問,正是由于在申請(qǐng)工作的過程中具有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的人數(shù)增加,使得簡(jiǎn)歷更加重要。7.Othergoalsoftheintervieware:toanswerquestionssuccessfully,obtainanyadditionalinformationneededtomakeadecision,accentyourspecialstrengths,establishapositiverelationship,showconfidence,andtosellyourself.參加面試其他的目標(biāo)包括:成功地回答問題,為做決定獲得更多信息,強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的特殊優(yōu)勢(shì),建立良好的關(guān)系,表達(dá)自己的信心,推銷自己。8.Basedonthesegoals,placeyourselfintheroleoftheintervieweranddevelopanticipatedquestionsandanswerstothreecategories:companydata,personaldata,andspecificjobdata.在明確這些目標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上,將自己設(shè)想為面試你的人,在以下三個(gè)方面為自己設(shè)想出一些問題以及這些問題的答案:公司數(shù)據(jù)信息,個(gè)人信息,有關(guān)某份工作的特定信息。9.Sincetheinterviewwillcenteronyou,properself-managementprocessisdividedintofourstages:thebeforestage,thegreetingstage,theconsultationstage,andthedeparturestage.既然面試的焦點(diǎn)是你,應(yīng)該在以下四個(gè)階段做出合理的準(zhǔn)備:面試前階段,問候階段,商洽階段,告別階段。10.Thebeforestageincludeswritingaconfirmationletter,concentratingonappearanceandnonverbalcommunication,developingyourportfolio,anticipatingquestionswithpositiveresponses,andarrivingearly.面試前階段包括寫一封確認(rèn)函、集中注意自己的儀表和非語言行為、準(zhǔn)備好自己的資料、設(shè)想一些問題以及對(duì)這些問題的正面回答、早到面試地點(diǎn)。11.Thegreetingstageincludesgreetingeveryonecourteously,usingwaiting-roomsmarts,usingyourtimewisely,andapplyingproperprotocolwhenmeetingtheinterviewer.問候階段包括禮貌地向每個(gè)人問候,在等候室靈活使用一些交往技能,合理地使用自己的時(shí)間,同面試你的人會(huì)面時(shí)恰如其分地使用一些禮節(jié)。12.Theconsultationstageincludesresponsivenessandenthusiasm,knowingwhentointerjectkeypoints,showingsincerity,highlightingyourstrengths,andlisteningintently.商洽階段包括反應(yīng)機(jī)敏、熱情,知道何時(shí)應(yīng)該(在交談中)插入一些關(guān)鍵信息,要表現(xiàn)得誠(chéng)懇,突出自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn),注意傾聽。13.Ifthecompanydoesn‘trespondintwoweeks,callbackorwriteafollow-upletter.Youmaygetturneddown.Ifso,trytofindoutwhyasameansofself-improvement.如果公司兩周內(nèi)沒有反應(yīng),打個(gè)電話或再寫封信過去。你可能沒有被雇用,如果是這樣的話,找出原因,以便進(jìn)行自我改進(jìn)。14.Ihavesoughtit,next,becauseitrelievesloneliness—thatterriblelonelinessinwhichone‘sshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothecoldunfathomablelifelessabyss.我追求愛,其次是因?yàn)閻凼刮覕[脫孤獨(dú)。在這種可怕的孤獨(dú)時(shí)刻,人們似乎處于世界的邊緣,顫抖的意識(shí)面對(duì)著冷酷而死寂的無底深淵。15.Non-traditionalstudents,overwhelminglyfemale,begantostudyonapart-timebasis,thenumbersofwomengoingtograduateschoolincreased,andwomensoughtentrytothenon-traditionalpositionofuniversityfacultymember.新類型的學(xué)生——絕大多數(shù)是女生——開始半工半讀式的學(xué)習(xí),攻讀研究生的女生數(shù)量增加了,婦女開始從事大學(xué)教師這樣的非傳統(tǒng)職業(yè)。16.Thisdeclineoccurredinbothcoeducationalandwomen‘scollegeswherewomenfacultydeclinedfrom72%in1940to50%in1955anddroppedtoalowof45%in1978.人數(shù)的減少普遍存在于男女同校的大學(xué),也存在于女子學(xué)校。在女子學(xué)校,女教師的比例從1940年的72%減少到1955年的50%,到1978年降低到45%的低點(diǎn)。17.Morethanone-thirdofemployersinanewsurveysaytheywouldprobablycutoffhealthbenefitstotheirworkersifCongresspassesalawallowingpatientstosuemanagedcareplansformalpractice.在一項(xiàng)新的調(diào)查中,有超過三分之一的雇主表示:如果國(guó)會(huì)通過一項(xiàng)使病人可以因管理不善起訴管理醫(yī)療保健計(jì)劃的法律,雇主可能會(huì)削減工人的醫(yī)療補(bǔ)貼。18.Theemployersapparentlyfearthelegislationcouldopenthedoortothesamekindsofsuitsagainstthem.Companiesarealreadystrugglingtocontainrisinghealthcostsanddealwithworkerswhocomplainthatmanagedcareblockstheiraccesstocare.雇主顯然擔(dān)心這樣的立法會(huì)為對(duì)他們類似的起訴打開大門。公司已經(jīng)在竭力支付日益增長(zhǎng)的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用,處理工人們的投訴,這些工人認(rèn)為管理醫(yī)療計(jì)劃阻礙了他們享受醫(yī)療服務(wù)。19.Althoughcompanieshavereliedonhealthmaintenanceorganizationsandothertypesofmanagedcarefirmstocontrolcoststhroughmostofthe1990s,theHewittsurveyshowedemployershaveseriousconcernsaboutthehealthplans.在九十年代的大部分時(shí)間里,雖然公司依靠保健機(jī)構(gòu)和其他類型的管理醫(yī)療公司來控制花費(fèi),Hewitt調(diào)查顯示,雇主們很關(guān)心保健計(jì)劃。20.Whateveryoudecidetodointhewayofpart-timeandvacationworkwhileyou‘reatuniversity,makesurethatyoutakethefollowingissuesintoconsiderationbeforecommittingyourself。在上學(xué)期間無論你決定做什么臨時(shí)工作或假期內(nèi)打工,在做出決定之前,你都應(yīng)該考慮到下列問題。21.InterfacewiththeBusinessDevelopmentSupportGrouptoassistindevelopingstrategiccommunicationplansfornewbusinessdevelopment,workingwithgovernmentrelationsandprotocolspecialistinsupportingvisitsfromvariousexternalstakeholders.與業(yè)務(wù)開發(fā)支持部門協(xié)調(diào),協(xié)助制定交際策略方案,開發(fā)新業(yè)務(wù);幫助協(xié)調(diào)與政府的關(guān)系,同禮儀專家一道負(fù)責(zé)接待與公司有密切關(guān)系的外來造訪者。22.Externalcommunicationsexperienceinamedia,corporateoragencysetting,knowledgeofmediaandcommunicationsvehiclesandthefundamentalprinciplesofjournalismandpublicrelations,successfulprojectmanagementexperience,withexcellentcommunicationandinterpersonalskills.有在媒體機(jī)構(gòu)、公司或代理機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)外交際工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn),熟悉各種媒體和交際手段,熟知新聞和公共關(guān)系方面的基本原理,具有項(xiàng)目管理的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),具有優(yōu)良的交際和人際關(guān)系處理技能。23.Inmanystatesthisyear,budgetrequestsbystateuniversitieshavehadtobescaledbackorfrozen,whiletuition,theshareofthecostbornebythestudentsthemselves,hasgoneup—insomecasesfasterthantherateofinflation.今年,在許多州,州立大學(xué)的預(yù)算不得不減少或凍結(jié),而學(xué)費(fèi)——學(xué)生所承擔(dān)的費(fèi)用——卻上升了,在某些情況下上升得比通貨膨脹率還要快。24.SoitwasagainstthisbackdropthatmembersoftheNationalGovernorsAssociationcametogetherinthisNewEnglandcitythispastweektodiscussissuesofcommonconcern,onebeinghighereducation.所以,正是在這種背景下,全國(guó)州長(zhǎng)協(xié)會(huì)在過去的一周里聚集在這座新英格蘭地區(qū)的城市,討論他們共同關(guān)心的問題,其中之一是高等教育問題。25.Andthefocusoftheirtalksaboutcollegescenterednotonhowmoneycouldbemoreeffectivelydirected,buthowtogetgreaterproductivityoutofasystemthatmanyfeelhasbecomehighlyinefficientandresistivetochange.在大學(xué)問題上,他們談話的焦點(diǎn)不是如何更有效地花錢,而是提高大學(xué)體制的效率,許多人感到這個(gè)體制效率非常低下,而且變得僵化。26.Asaresult,thegovernorswillembarkonathree-yearstudyofhighereducationsystemsandhowtomakestatecollegesanduniversitiesbetterabletomeetthechallengesoaglobaleconomyinthe21stcentury.結(jié)果,州長(zhǎng)們將對(duì)教育體制進(jìn)行歷時(shí)三年的研究,研究的目標(biāo)是如何使州立大學(xué)更好地迎接21世紀(jì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域里的挑戰(zhàn)。27.“Withtuitionrisingfasterthantherateofinflationandstudentstakinglongerandlongertofinishcollege,oneofthesedaysthepublicisgoingtosay,”‘Enough!’“PennsylvaniaRepublicanGov.TomRidgesaid.共和黨人賓州州長(zhǎng)湯姆?里奇說:隨著學(xué)費(fèi)比通貨膨脹率上漲得快,學(xué)生完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)需要的時(shí)間越來越長(zhǎng),有一天公眾會(huì)說:夠了!28.Ridgeandhisfellowgovernorscameawayfromthemeetingsresoluteinthebeliefthathighereducationneedsafreshlookandpossiblyamajorboostinproductivitytomeetdemandsofnewtechnologiesandachangingworkforce.會(huì)議結(jié)束后,里奇和其他州長(zhǎng)們更堅(jiān)信:高等教育需要革新?lián)Q面,也許應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)提高效率,滿足新技術(shù)和變化的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的要求。29.Severalgovernorsnotedthatestablishmentofclearerstandards,greaterefficienciesinprovidingservices,andmorestudentcompetencytestingmightbeneeded,inadditiontocurriculuminspection.幾位州長(zhǎng)提到,除了審查教學(xué)大綱外,也許還應(yīng)該確立更清楚的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),提高服務(wù)的效率,對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行更多的能力測(cè)試。30.Likeourpoliticalsociety,theuniversityisundersevereattacktodayandperhapsforthesamereason;namely,thatwehaveaccomplishedmuchofwhatwehavesetouttodointhisgeneration,thatwehavedonesoimperfectly,andwhilewehavebeendoingso,wehavesaidalotofthingsthatsimplyarenottrue.像我們的政治社會(huì)一樣,今天的大學(xué)正在受到嚴(yán)厲抨擊,而且理由也許相同,即:我們這個(gè)時(shí)代要做的事情已經(jīng)大都完成,但是我們做得還不盡善盡美,而且,雖然我們做出了一些論斷,但我們也說了許多不正確的話。31.Theuniversityshoulduseone-fourthofastudent‘stimeinhisundergraduateyearsandorganizeitintocourseswhichmightbecalledhistory,andliteratureandphilosophy,andanythingelseappropriateandorganizethesearoundprimaryproblems.大學(xué)應(yīng)該使本科生花四分之一的時(shí)間,學(xué)習(xí)被稱做歷史、文學(xué)、哲學(xué)或其他合適的課程,通過這些課程來探討重大問題。32.Ontheotherhand,therecouldbeveryseriousconsequencesifthisknowledgewereusedintentionallytoproducesuperiorandsubordinateclasses,eachgeneticallypreparedtocarryoutapredeterminedmission.從另一方面講,如果這種知識(shí)被有意識(shí)地用來復(fù)制優(yōu)等或劣等群體,天生讓這些人來完成某一預(yù)定的使命,那就會(huì)產(chǎn)生非常嚴(yán)重的后果。33.Afterall,thepurposeofeducationisnotonlytoimpartknowledgebuttoteachstudentstousetheknowledgethattheyeitherhaveorwillfind,toteachthemtoaskandseekanswersforimportantquestions.畢竟,教育的目的不僅是傳授知識(shí),而且還要教會(huì)學(xué)生使用已經(jīng)或?qū)⒁莆盏闹R(shí),教育他們學(xué)會(huì)提問并回答重大問題。34.Manypeopleexpectthistochangefundamentallythenatureoftelevisionprogrammingandviewing,fromabroadcastmedium(dominatedbybignetworkslikeBritain‘sBBCandITVandthebigUSnetworks,showingamixtureofprogrammetypeswithsomethingforeveryone)toa“narrowcast”mediummoreliketoday’smagazinesandradio.許多人預(yù)期這將根本改變電視節(jié)目安排和收視的本質(zhì)特征,從一種廣播媒體(主宰者是像BBC、ITV和美國(guó)的各大電視網(wǎng)絡(luò),涵蓋每個(gè)人所需要的節(jié)目類型)變成小范圍播送的媒體,更像今天的雜志和收音機(jī)一樣。35.Theargumentisthat,aswithgardeningmagazinestoday,suchachannelcouldgeneraterevenuebothfromsubscriptions(sinceitwouldbetailoredtothattargetaudience)andfromadvertising(notjustforgardeningproducts,butalsoforotherproductsandservicessuchascruiseholidaysandfinancialservicesaimedatthesametargetmarket)。其中的論點(diǎn)是,像今天的園藝雜志一樣,這種頻道不僅從入網(wǎng)費(fèi)上取得收入(既然它滿足的是特定觀眾的需要),而且通過播出廣告掙錢(不僅是園藝產(chǎn)品的廣告,而且包括其他產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)項(xiàng)目,如長(zhǎng)途旅游的假期,面向同樣的特定市場(chǎng)的金融服務(wù))。36.InthefiveyearsI‘veworkedhere,we’vegonetooff-campuspartiestowriteaboutunderagedrinkingatourlocalcollege,exposedcorruptioninalocaleconomicdevelopmentgroup,andtracedanembezzlerscriminalpastallthewaytoAlaska.I‘veneverseenourpaperbackdownfromastory.我在這里工作的五年期間,我們?nèi)⒓舆^校園外的聚會(huì),寫過當(dāng)?shù)卮髮W(xué)的青少年飲酒問題,揭發(fā)過當(dāng)?shù)啬硞€(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)集團(tuán)的腐敗問題,一直追蹤到阿拉斯加揭露出一起侵吞公款的案件。我從未見過我們的報(bào)紙放棄過一次報(bào)道。37.Recently,whenayoungboywasshottodeath,Ihadtorepeatedlyleavethescenetoupdatemyeditorfromapayphone,whilethereporterfromacompetingpaperusedhiscellphonetochatwithhisofficefromthedoorstepofthevictim‘shouse.最近,在報(bào)道一個(gè)小男孩被擊斃的事件時(shí),我不得不一次次離開現(xiàn)場(chǎng),通過付費(fèi)電話告知我的編輯更新消息,而作為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的那家報(bào)紙的記者,可以站在受害者家門口的臺(tái)階上用手機(jī)與辦公室交談。38.TheylosedailycontactwithNature,theirideaofNatureisrathervagueandnon-experiential,sotheythinkthattheyareindependentofandaboveNature,orevencanlivewithoutNature.他們與大自然失去了日常聯(lián)系,對(duì)大自然的認(rèn)識(shí)是相當(dāng)模糊的、非經(jīng)驗(yàn)式的,所以,他們認(rèn)為自己獨(dú)立于大自然或凌駕其上,甚至認(rèn)為沒有大自然照樣可以生存。39.Thinkingintermsofpublicexperiences,wefindthatjoyousexperiencesareameans;whenthinkingsubjectively,orintermsofonesownsenseexperiences,wefindthatjoyousexperiencesareanend.從集體經(jīng)驗(yàn)的角度來看,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)歡樂的體驗(yàn)是一種手段;從主觀上來說,或者從個(gè)人的感官體驗(yàn)來說,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)歡樂的體驗(yàn)是一種目的。40.Soweshouldviewjoyousexperiencesandlifesustenanceinthisway:Lifeisacarrierofsensesandvalues,butnotallsortsofsensesandvaluesarepermitted,pursuanceofforbiddenoneswillleadtothethreatorevendiscontinuanceoflifeasanindividualandasawhole.因此,我們應(yīng)該這樣看待歡樂的體驗(yàn)和生命的維系:生命是感官和價(jià)值觀的載體,但是,并非所有感官享受和價(jià)值觀都是被允許存在的,如果追求被禁止的享受和價(jià)值觀,將會(huì)受到威脅,甚至造成某個(gè)個(gè)體或社會(huì)整體生命的終結(jié)。41.Competition,formerlybetweenindividualfirms,isnowmainlybetweennations,andisthereforeconductedbymethodsquitedifferentfromthoseformulatedbytheclassicaleconomists.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)過去是在公司之間展開,但現(xiàn)在主要成為國(guó)家之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),所以,經(jīng)典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們揭示的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)方法已經(jīng)不再適用。42.Wemaysay,therefore,speakingverygenerally,thatmenhaveusedtheincreasedproductivitywhichtheyowetoscienceforthreechiefpurposesinsuccession:first,toincreasethepopulation;then,toraisethestandardofcomfort;and,finally,toprovidemoreenergytowar.因此,我們可以概而言之地說,科學(xué)的發(fā)展帶來了生產(chǎn)率的提高,人們由此可以依次實(shí)現(xiàn)三個(gè)主要目的:第一,增加人口的數(shù)量;其次,提高舒適生活的標(biāo)準(zhǔn);再次,為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)提供更多的能源。43.Webbrowsers!Interactivesoftware!Theresalotofnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelationsthesedays,anditscomingfromavarietyofsources.網(wǎng)頁(yè)瀏覽器!交互式軟件!最近,在公共關(guān)系中人們大談特談新技術(shù),而且各種各樣的人都加入了進(jìn)來。44.Thefoundationsofgoodpublicrelationsremainthesame:anticipatingandmeetingtheneedsofclientsandthemedia,andprovidinginformedandusefulcounsel.建立良好公共關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)沒有變:考慮并滿足顧客和媒體的需要,為之提供有根據(jù)的有用咨詢。45.Thedeliverysystemispartofthemessageandcontributestotheoverallimage,sothepractitionershouldconsiderhowthatsystemaffectstheclient,theproduct,andtheaudiences.交貨方式是公司信息的組成部分,影響到公司的整體形象,因此,實(shí)際負(fù)責(zé)的人應(yīng)該考慮這種交貨方式對(duì)消費(fèi)者、產(chǎn)品和觀眾產(chǎn)生的影響。46.Inthelastpresidentialelection,morethanonecandidatehadproblemswiththeirpersonalwebsbecausewebmasterswerenotkeptuptodateonchangesincampaignstrategyandmessages.在上次的總統(tǒng)選舉中,不止一位參選者的個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)存在問題,因?yàn)檎军c(diǎn)管理員沒有及時(shí)更新網(wǎng)上的競(jìng)選策略和競(jìng)選信息。47.Theybelievethatthoseregulations,whichexcludemostpoorhusbandandwifefamiliesfromAidtoFamilieswithDependentChildren(AFDC)assistancegrants,contributetotheproblemoffamilydissolution.這些規(guī)定將最貧困的夫妻家庭排斥在“救助有受撫養(yǎng)子女的家庭(簡(jiǎn)稱AFDC)”的救濟(jì)金補(bǔ)助范圍之外,他們認(rèn)為,這造成了家庭的破裂。48.Thethirdtypeistheunhappilymarriedcouple,whoremaintogetheroutofasenseofeconomicresponsibilityfortheirchildren,becauseofthehighcostsofseparation,orbecauseoftheconsumptionbenefitsofmarriage.第三類是婚姻不幸福的家庭,夫妻不離異只是由于對(duì)孩子經(jīng)濟(jì)上的責(zé)任感,因?yàn)殡x異的代價(jià)很高,或者為了取得結(jié)婚家庭的消費(fèi)補(bǔ)助。49.Muchofthevariationinmaritalstabilityacrossincomeclassescanbeexplainedbythevariationincostsofdissolutionimposedbysociety,suchasdivisionofproperty,andchildsupport.在不同收入的階層中,婚姻的穩(wěn)定與否,在很大程度上取決于在某個(gè)社會(huì)中離異所導(dǎo)致的代價(jià)的高低,如財(cái)產(chǎn)的分配、子女的撫養(yǎng)問題。50.TotheextentthatwelfareisaformofgovernmentsubsidizedAFDCpayments,itreducesthecostsofseparationandguaranteesaminimalstandardoflivingforwifeandchildren.由于補(bǔ)助金是政府補(bǔ)助的一種“救助有受撫養(yǎng)子女的家庭”的津貼,它起到了降低離異代價(jià)、保障妻子和子女最低生活水平的作用。51.Sowelfareopportunitiesareasignificantdeterminantoffamilyinstabilityinpoorneighborhoods,butthisisnottheresultofAFDCregulationsthatexcludemostintactfamiliesfromcoverage.因此,獲得福利補(bǔ)貼的機(jī)會(huì),在貧窮階層的人中是導(dǎo)致家庭破裂的一個(gè)重要決定因素,但是,這不是“救助有受撫養(yǎng)子女的家庭”政策所導(dǎo)致的,何況多數(shù)完好家庭也不屬于補(bǔ)助范圍。52.Rather,welfarerelatedinstabilityoccursbecausepublicassistancelowersboththebenefitsofmarriageandthecostsofitsbreachbyprovidingasystemofgovernmentsubsidizedpayments.相反,由福利制度導(dǎo)致的家庭破裂之所以發(fā)生,是因?yàn)楣簿戎?jì)劃提供了一種政府補(bǔ)助體制,它不僅減少了婚姻的利益,而且降低了破裂的代價(jià)。53.Thewarningsignscanbedifficultenoughtorecognize;buttheproblemofidentifyingmajordepressioninteensisfurthercomplicatedbythefactthateventheseambiguoussignsarenotalwayspresent.警告信號(hào)可能很難辨認(rèn),但是,即使這些含糊的信號(hào)也不一定總是存在,這一事實(shí)使辨認(rèn)青少年身上所表現(xiàn)出的重大消沉情緒的問題變得更加復(fù)雜。54.Theyareusingwhatweknowassigns,tocommunicatewitheachotheraboutsomesituationthatispresentatthatmoment:gatheringthegroup,alarm,hunting,mating.他們使用我們稱做符號(hào)的東西,相互之間在談?wù)撝藭r(shí)此刻所發(fā)生的事情:如集合、警告、獵取、交配等。55.Isitpossibletoimaginesomethingashighlyrefinedandsubtleasthecavepaintingsof15,000yearsagowithoutlanguagetoenablemanipulationandtransferenceofideas?如果沒有語言來構(gòu)思和傳達(dá)思想,怎么想像能創(chuàng)作出15000年前如此精美細(xì)致的洞穴繪畫呢?56.Possessionoflanguageisadefiningmarkofourhumanity,andithasbeenfaithfullyaccompanyinguseversinceourbranchfirstemergedasadistinctspecies.擁有語言是我們?nèi)祟惖囊粋€(gè)區(qū)別性標(biāo)志,自我們作為一個(gè)特殊的物種存在以來,語言能力一直伴隨著我們。57.InPrague,whenTomasandTerezabroughtanewchairormovedaflowerpot,Kareninwouldlookonindispleasure.Itdisturbedhissenseoftime.Nonetheless,hesoonmanagedtoreestablishtheoldorderandoldritualsintheZurichflat.在布拉格,當(dāng)托馬斯和特里薩買把新椅子,或移動(dòng)花盆時(shí),卡列寧會(huì)感到很不高興。這攪亂了他的時(shí)間意識(shí)。但是,在蘇黎世的公寓里,他很快就恢復(fù)了過去的秩序和舊禮節(jié)。58.Inperiodsofdespair,shewouldremindherselfshehadtoholdonbecauseofhim,becausehewasweakerthanshe,weakerperhapseventhanDubcekandtheirabandonedhomeland.在絕望時(shí)刻,她總是提醒自己要為他而堅(jiān)持下去,因?yàn)樗人嗳?,甚至也許比杜布切克和他們離開的祖國(guó)還要脆弱。59.WhenshesaidthatTomaswasn’tthereandshedidn’tknowwhenhe’dbeback,thewomanontheotherendofthelinestartedlaughingand,withoutsayinggood-bye,hungup.當(dāng)她說托馬斯不在,不知道什么時(shí)候能回來時(shí),電話另一端的那個(gè)女人大笑了起來,沒說再見就掛斷了電話。60.Itwasthenthatsherealizedshehadlostthelastbitofstrengthshehadhadathome;shewasabsolutelyincapableoftoleratingthisabsolutelyinsignificantincident.恰恰在那時(shí),她意識(shí)到自己在家時(shí)曾擁有的力量已經(jīng)消失殆盡;她根本無法忍受這件雞毛蒜皮的小事。61.Thefactthattheylovedeachotherwasmerelyproofthatthefaultlaynotinthemselves,intheirbehaviororinconstancyoffeeling,butratherintheirincompatibility;hewasstrongandshewasweak.他們彼此相愛,這個(gè)事實(shí)只能證明他們本身沒有問題,他們的行為或情感的搖擺也沒問題。問題在于他們彼此不相容:他很堅(jiān)強(qiáng),而她太脆弱。62.Theywerenolongeroccasionalpractitionersofart,asthecavepaintershadbeen,butfullprofessionals—i.e.,menskilledinaspecializedoccupation,practicingitfull-timeandprobablyearningalloftheirlivelihoodfromit.他們不再像洞穴壁畫的創(chuàng)作者一樣是藝術(shù)品的偶然創(chuàng)作者,而是全職的職業(yè)創(chuàng)作者,即:他們擅長(zhǎng)于某個(gè)特定行業(yè),全職從事之,也許還以此為生。63.Buteventherelativelysimpledefinitionofaprofessionalasapersonreceivingpayforcarryingoutaspecializedoccupationonafull-timebasisisdifficulttoapplytothearts.但是,即使將職業(yè)者相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單地定義為全職從事某個(gè)特定行業(yè)并從中取得報(bào)酬的人,這個(gè)定義也很難適用于藝術(shù)。64.Nearlyeverywhereandalways,music,architecture,andpoetryhavebeenregardedasprofessions,whilepotterymakinghasbeenregardedasanartandgrantedthedignityofaprofessiononlyinsomenonWesterncultures.幾乎在每個(gè)地方,音樂、建筑和詩(shī)歌總是被看做是專業(yè),而制陶只在某些西方以外的國(guó)家被看做藝術(shù),并被冠以專業(yè)的名譽(yù)。65.Theattempttogainforsomeoftheartsthestatusoflearnedorquasi-learnedprofessionsresultedinadistinctionbetween“thefinearts"and“theappliedarts",adistinctionthathasdoneharmtoboth.人們賦予某些藝術(shù)以有學(xué)問或半學(xué)問的專業(yè)地位,區(qū)分出“高雅藝術(shù)”和“應(yīng)用藝術(shù)”,這種做法對(duì)彼此都有害無益。66.Thegradualbreakdownoftheattitudethatpermittedsuchexclusivecategoriestobecreatedandthegeneralrejectionofthefalsedistinctionsbetweenartandutilityareencouragingdevelopmentsintheartsinrecenttimes.這種彼此排斥的分類態(tài)度正在逐漸改變,人們普遍拒絕對(duì)藝術(shù)和實(shí)用做人為的區(qū)分,態(tài)度的改變目前正在促進(jìn)藝術(shù)的發(fā)展。67.Michelson’sworkisvaluable,asareflectionofthedaytodayresponsibilitiesofMesquakiewomen,yetasisoftenthecasewithlifepassagestudies,itpresentslittleofthecentralcharacter’spsychologicalmotivation.邁克遜的著作是有價(jià)值的,反映了Mesquakie婦女的日常職責(zé),但是,像其他生活過程研究一樣,它對(duì)主人翁心理動(dòng)機(jī)的描述甚少。68.Forexample,inMariaCampbell’saccountofgrowingupasaCanadianMetiswhowasinfluencedstronglybythenonnativeAmericanworldaroundher,onelearnsagreatdealaboutthelifeofnativeAmericanwomen,butCampbell’sindividualstory,whichistoldtousdirectly,isalwaysthecenterofhernarrative.例如,瑪利亞坎貝爾敘述了自己作為一個(gè)加拿大邁提斯人的成長(zhǎng)過程,她深受周圍的非本土的北美世界影響,她的故事使讀者對(duì)本土美洲婦女的生活有了很多了解,但是,坎貝爾的個(gè)人故事是她親自向讀者講述的,它始終是書的主線。69.AsanthropologistRalphLontonsaid,“Thelastthingafishwouldevernoticewouldbewater."Soitiswithpeople:exceptinunusualcircumstances,theeffectsofourownculturegenerallyremainimperceptibletous.人類學(xué)家拉爾夫蘭頓說:“魚根本注意不到水的存在?!比艘彩沁@樣:除非在不同尋常的情況下,文化對(duì)我們的影響通常不為我們所注意。70.NolongercouldIcountonpeopletostareonlysurreptitiously,totakeprecautionsagainstinvisiblemicrobes,ortostandinanorderlywayonebehindtheotheronthebasisoftimeofarrivaltoobtainaservice.我再也不能指望人們僅僅偷偷地看,不能再擔(dān)心看不見的細(xì)菌,或井然有序地按先來后到順序一個(gè)個(gè)排隊(duì)來獲得某項(xiàng)服務(wù)。61.Thefactthattheylovedeachotherwasmerelyproofthatthefaultlaynotinthemselves,intheirbehaviororinconstancyoffeeling,butratherintheirincompatibility;hewasstrongandshewasweak.他們彼此相愛,這個(gè)事實(shí)只能證明他們本身沒有問題,他們的行為或情感的搖擺也沒問題。問題在于他們彼此不相容:他很堅(jiān)強(qiáng),而她太脆弱。62.Theywerenolongeroccasionalpractitionersofart,asthecavepaintershadbeen,butfullprofessionals—i.e.,menskilledinaspecializedoccupation,practicingitfull-timeandprobablyearningalloftheirlivelihoodfromit.他們不再像洞穴壁畫的創(chuàng)作者一樣是藝術(shù)品的偶然創(chuàng)作者,而是全職的職業(yè)創(chuàng)作者,即:他們擅長(zhǎng)于某個(gè)特定行業(yè),全職從事之,也許還以此為生。63.Buteventherelativelysimpledefinitionofaprofessionalasapersonreceivingpayforcarryingoutaspecializedoccupationonafull-timebasisisdifficulttoapplytothearts.但是,即使將職業(yè)者相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單地定義為全職從事某個(gè)特定行業(yè)并從中取得報(bào)酬的人,這個(gè)定義也很難適用于藝術(shù)。64.Nearlyeverywhereandalways,music,architecture,andpoetryhavebeenregardedasprofessions,whilepotterymakinghasbeenregardedasanartandgrantedthedignityofaprofessiononlyinsomenonWesterncultures.幾乎在每個(gè)地方,音樂、建筑和詩(shī)歌總是被看做是專業(yè),而制陶只在某些西方以外的國(guó)家被看做藝術(shù),并被冠以專業(yè)的名譽(yù)。65.Theattempttogainforsomeoftheartsthestatusoflearnedorquasi-learnedprofessionsresultedinadistinctionbetween“thefinearts"and“theappliedarts",adistinctionthathasdoneharmtoboth.人們賦予某些藝術(shù)以有學(xué)問或半學(xué)問的專業(yè)地位,區(qū)分出“高雅藝術(shù)”和“應(yīng)用藝術(shù)”,這種做法對(duì)彼此都有害無益。66.Thegradualbreakdownoftheattitudethatpermittedsuchexclusivecategoriestobecreatedandthegeneralrejectionofthefalsedistinctionsbetweenartandutilityareencouragingdevelopmentsintheartsinrecenttimes.這種彼此排斥的分類態(tài)度正在逐漸改變,人們普遍拒絕對(duì)藝術(shù)和實(shí)用做人為的區(qū)分,態(tài)度的改變目前正在促進(jìn)藝術(shù)的發(fā)展。67.Michelson’sworkisvaluable,asareflectionofthedaytodayresponsibilitiesofMesquakiewomen,yetasisoftenthecasewithlifepassagestudies,itpresentslittleofthecentralcharacter’spsychologicalmotivation.邁克遜的著作是有價(jià)值的,反映了Mesquakie婦女的日常職責(zé),但是,像其他生活過程研究一樣,它對(duì)主人翁心理動(dòng)機(jī)的描述甚少。68.Forexample,inMariaCampbell’saccountofgrowingupasaCanadianMetiswhowasinfluencedstronglybythenonnativeAmericanworldaroundher,onelearnsagreatdealaboutthelifeofnativeAmericanwomen,butCampbell’sindividualstory,whichistoldtousdirectly,isalwaysthecenterofhernarrative.例如,瑪利亞坎貝爾敘述了自己作為一個(gè)加拿大邁提斯人的成長(zhǎng)過程,她深受周圍的非本土的北美世界影響,她的故事使讀者對(duì)本土美洲婦女的生活有了很多了解,但是,坎貝爾的個(gè)人故事是她親自向讀者講述的,它始終是書的主線。69.AsanthropologistRalphLontonsaid,“Thelastthingafishwouldevernoticewouldbewater."Soitiswithpeople:exceptinunusualcircumstances,theeffectsofourownculturegenerallyremainimperceptibletous.人類學(xué)家拉爾夫蘭頓說:“魚根本注意不到水的存在?!比艘彩沁@樣:除非在不同尋常的情況下,文化對(duì)我們的影響通常不為我們所注意。70.NolongercouldIcountonpeopletostareonlysurreptitiously,totakeprecautionsagainstinvisiblemicrobes,ortostandinanorderlywayonebehindtheotheronthebasisoftimeofarrivaltoobtainaservice.我再也不能指望人們僅僅偷偷地看,不能再擔(dān)心看不見的細(xì)菌,或井然有序地按先來后到順序一個(gè)個(gè)排隊(duì)來獲得某項(xiàng)服務(wù)。71.Theaerospaceindustryisthecomplexofmanufacturingconcernsengagedintheproductionofflightvehicles,includingunpoweredglidersandsailplanes,lighterthanair-craft,ground-effectmachines,heavierthanaircraftofbothfixed-wingandrotary-wingvarieties,militarymissiles,spacelaunchvehicles,andmannedorunmannedspacecraft;propulsionsystemsandotherthrustingdevices;onboardequipmentessentialtothedesignpurposeoftheflightvehicle;andground-basedsupportequipmentneededfortheoperationandmaintenanceoftheflightvehicle.航天工業(yè)是一個(gè)綜合制造行業(yè),從事各種飛行器的生產(chǎn),包括:各種無動(dòng)力滑翔機(jī),輕于空氣的飛行器,地面效應(yīng)機(jī)械設(shè)備,重于空氣的各種固定和旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)翼飛行器,軍用導(dǎo)彈,太空發(fā)射器,載人或無人飛行器,推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)或其他助推設(shè)備,對(duì)飛行器的設(shè)計(jì)至關(guān)重要的艙內(nèi)設(shè)備,控制和維護(hù)飛行器的地面設(shè)備。72.Russia,France,andtheUnitedKingdom,aswellastheEuropeanSpaceAgency,alsohaveachievedahighdegreeofaerospacesophisticationandhavetheabilitytomanufacturehomedesignedsystemsincludingtheentirerangeofaerospacevehicles.俄羅斯、法國(guó)、英國(guó)以及歐洲航天局也在航天技術(shù)上取得很高的成就,能夠制造包括各種航空飛行器在內(nèi)的本國(guó)自身設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)。73.IntheUnitedStates,nonaerospacesystems,primarilyforstateandmunicipalgovernments,utilities,surfacetransportationcompanies,hospitals,andothersegmentsofthemedicalcommunity,representasignificantportionoftotalsales.在美國(guó),非航空設(shè)備的主要客戶是各州和市政府、公用事業(yè)公司、地面運(yùn)輸公司、醫(yī)院和其他醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu),這些設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)占總銷售量的很大一部分。74.Between1940and1980intheUnitedStates,forexample,per-acreyieldsofcorntripled,thoseofwheatandsoybeansdoubled,andfarmoutputperhouroffarmworkincreasedalmost10foldascapitalwassubstitutedforlabour.例如,美國(guó)在1940~1980期間玉米的畝產(chǎn)量增加了2倍,小麥和大豆增加了1倍;換算為現(xiàn)金計(jì)算,每工時(shí)的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量增加了近9倍。75.ThisisanopportunityforsomeofustosuggesttoHollywoodwherethatboundaryofconsumertoleranceis.EspeciallythoseofuswhohavenotyetconvincedHollywoodtoceaseitsdescentintoeverlowerlevelsofdesensitizationofouryoung.現(xiàn)在是個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),我們應(yīng)該告訴好萊塢消費(fèi)者的忍耐力所能達(dá)到的限度。特別是對(duì)我們這些還沒有說服好萊塢,阻止他們使我們的年輕一代變得越來越冷漠的人來說。76.ProducerslikeAaronSorkinof“TheWestWing"plannedtokeeppushinghard.Hewasquotedassaying:“There’sabsolutelynoreasonwhywecan’tusethelanguageofadulthoodinprogramsthatareaboutadults."像亞倫索金(《西樓》的制片人)這樣的制片人準(zhǔn)備窮追不舍,有報(bào)道引用他的話說:“在反映成人生活的節(jié)目中,絕對(duì)沒有理由不能使用成人語言?!?7.Atthismomentofcrisisinournationshistory,thoughthasbecomemorecontemplative,prayerful,andspiritual.Itmaybethetimetotelltheentertainmentindustrythatwewantnotatemporarypauseintheflowoftastelessness,butalong-termcleanup.在目前我們國(guó)家歷史上這個(gè)危機(jī)時(shí)刻,人們?cè)谒枷胫蟹此?、祈禱、冥想。也許是我們?cè)摳嬖V娛樂業(yè)的時(shí)候了:我們要的不是暫時(shí)停止制作那些低級(jí)趣味的東西,而是永遠(yuǎn)清除它們。78.RichardNixon’sintenseinterestinsportingeventswaswellknownduringhistimeintheWhiteHouse,anditwentfarbeyondtheceremonialevents,suchasthrowingoutthefirstpitchoftheseasonforprofessionalbaseballandcallingthewinningteam’slockerroomaftertheSuperBowl.在入主白宮期間,理查德尼克松對(duì)體育競(jìng)賽的濃厚興趣是眾所周知的,它遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了只參加一些禮節(jié)性活動(dòng),如在壘球賽季的職業(yè)比賽前投出第一個(gè)球,在超級(jí)杯比賽以后訪問獲勝球隊(duì)的更衣室等。79.Herepeatedlystunnedreporters,athletes,andcoachesthatmethimwithhisdetailedknowledgeaboutsportingevents,andmadeasurprisevisittoaWashingtonRedskinspracticetogivetheteamaninspirationalboostafteradifficultloss.他以其對(duì)體育競(jìng)賽項(xiàng)目的詳盡知識(shí),一次又一次地讓與他會(huì)面的記者、運(yùn)動(dòng)員和教練們感到驚奇。他有時(shí)出乎意料地來到WashingtonRedskin的訓(xùn)練場(chǎng),給奮力拼搏但輸了球的隊(duì)員們打打氣。80.Insomecasesitwasquiteintentional,suchastheeffortoftheWhiteHousestafftoarrangeaphotoopportunityonthefrontlawnoftheexecutivemansionwithracecardriverMarioAndretti,soNixoncoulddevelopsomepopularityamongracefans.有時(shí)這是特別有意識(shí)安排的,例如:白宮工作人員在白宮前的草坪上安排總統(tǒng)與賽車手馬里奧安德列蒂合影,以贏得賽車迷們的歡心。81.Otherswerelessintentional,suchashishabitofattendingbaseballandfootballgamesandwatchingthegamefromthestandswithalltheotherfans,presentinghimselfasamanofthepeople,rathertha
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