食品安全及應(yīng)對(duì)(全解版)-2023年高考英語(yǔ)名校試題熱點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)話題

2023年高考英語(yǔ)名校試題熱點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)話題精選

精選05食品安全及應(yīng)對(duì)

1熱點(diǎn)介紹

隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的全球化，食品安全日益成為備受關(guān)注的熱門(mén)話題。近幾年來(lái)，世界上一些國(guó)家和地區(qū)食品

安全的惡性事件不斷發(fā)生，隨著食品加工過(guò)程中化學(xué)品和新技術(shù)的廣泛使用，新的食品安全問(wèn)題不斷涌現(xiàn)。

盡管現(xiàn)代科技己發(fā)展到了相當(dāng)水平，但食源性疾病不論在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還是發(fā)展中國(guó)家，都沒(méi)有得到有效的控

制，仍然嚴(yán)重地危害著人民的健康，成為當(dāng)今世界各國(guó)最關(guān)注的衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題之一。

民以食為天，食以安為先。食品是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的最基本的物質(zhì)條件，食品安全涉及人類最基

本權(quán)利的保障。在我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中，食品工業(yè)占有重要的地位。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，食品種類越來(lái)

越豐富，產(chǎn)品數(shù)量供給充足有余，在滿足食品需求供給平衡的同時(shí)，食品質(zhì)量安全問(wèn)題越來(lái)越突出。假冒

偽劣食品頻頻被曝光，危害消費(fèi)者身體健康和生命安全的群發(fā)性事件時(shí)有發(fā)生，食品安全問(wèn)題己成為全國(guó)

消費(fèi)者關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。

食品安全指食品無(wú)毒、無(wú)害，符合應(yīng)當(dāng)有的營(yíng)養(yǎng)要求，對(duì)人體健康不造成任何急性、亞急性或者慢

性危害。根據(jù)倍諾食品安全定義，食品安全是“食物中有毒、有害物質(zhì)對(duì)人體健康影響的公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題”。

題型精選

序號(hào)題型主要內(nèi)容

1閱讀理解歐盟允許重新使用昆蟲(chóng)飼料喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物并鼓勵(lì)人類食用昆蟲(chóng)

2閱讀理解研究表明孩子們更有可能喜歡天然的食物

3閱讀理解實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明甜味劑增加癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是不確定的

4閱讀理解消費(fèi)者要注意判斷產(chǎn)品推廣是否是真實(shí)的

5七選五機(jī)上食物嘗起來(lái)沒(méi)有味道的原因

6完形填空雨林的消失產(chǎn)生了多個(gè)惡果

一、閱讀理解

1

（2022?貴州黔南?高三開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit'schickensandpigs.Thelistofanimals

allowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.AnewEUlawpermittingtheuseofinsectproteininchickenandpigfeed

cameintoforceearlierthismonth,animportantmilestoneforanindustrydeterminedtowormitswayintothe

animal-feedbusiness.

Sinceabanonprocessedanimalproteinwascarriedoutin2001becauseofthe“madcow“disease,soybean

andfishmealhavebecomethebasisofanimalfeedinEurope.Buttheirproductionneedslotsofspaceandcanbe

harmfultotheenvironment,soteedproducersarelookingforotherways.

Insectsarejusttheticket.Theyareraisedinfarmsthatrequirelittlelandorwater,andtheycanbefedon

agriculturalby-productsorfoodwastesuchasrottingfruitandvegetables.They'realsoanaturalfit.Mostwildfish,

birdsandpigseatinsects.

Theonethinggoingagainstthemisprice.Insectproteinistwotothreetimesmoreexpensivethanfishmeal

andsoybean.Increasingproductionmayhelpreducethedifference.Rabobank,aDutchlender,predictsthatglobal

insectproductionwillreach500,000tonnesayearby2030,upfromjust10,000tonnescurrently,andthatprices

willtumble.

Insectcompanieshaveworkedhardontheirbusiness.Researchsuggestsinsectsmaybemorethanmerefeed,

promotinggrowthratesandimmunesystemsaswellasfillingstomachs.Theyalsooffertheprospect（前景）ofa

green,localprotein.

ThisyeartheEuropeanFoodSafetyAgencyhasruledthatthreespeciesofinsects,yellowmealworm,locusts

andhousecrickets,aresafeforhumanstoeataswell.Strangely,peopleseemlessinterestedintheideathan

chickensandpigs.

I.Whydidsoybeanandfishmealbecomelessandlesspopular?

A.Theycancause“madcow^^disease.B.Theyareforbiddentoproduce.

C.Theymaydoharmtoenvironment.D.Theyareagriculturalby-products.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tumble“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.remainuncertainB.keepsteadyC.goupD.godown

3.Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Theusagesofinsects.B.Thespeciesofinsects.

C.Thecompaniesofinsects.D.Immunesystemsofinsects.

4.Whatispeople'sattitudetowardtheinsectprotein?

A.Objective.B.Positive.C.Unconcerned.D.Curious.

【答案】l.c2.D3.A4.C

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹歐盟允許重新使用昆蟲(chóng)飼料喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物并鼓勵(lì)人類食用昆蟲(chóng)，并說(shuō)明

此舉原因及好處。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Sinceabanonprocessedanimalproteinwascarriedoutin2001becauseofthe"mad

cow“disease,soybeanandfishmealhavebecomethebasisofanimalfeedinEurope.Buttheirproductionneeds

lotsofspaceandcanbeharmfultotheenvironment,sofeedproducersarelookingforotherways.”（2001年“瘋牛

病”危機(jī)爆發(fā)后，政府便禁止加工動(dòng)物蛋白，而大豆和魚(yú)粉成為歐洲制作動(dòng)物飼料的主要來(lái)源。但生產(chǎn)大豆

和魚(yú)粉需要大量空間，對(duì)環(huán)境也不友好，所以飼料制造商正在尋找替代品。）可知，生產(chǎn)大豆和魚(yú)粉對(duì)環(huán)境

有害，所以大豆和魚(yú)粉越來(lái)越不受歡迎，飼料制造商正在尋找替代品。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.詞句猜測(cè)題。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，根據(jù)第四段的第二、三句"Insectproteinistwotothreetimesmoreexpensivethan

fishmealandsoybean.Increasingproductionmayhelpreducethedifference.”（昆蟲(chóng)蛋白的價(jià)格比魚(yú)粉和大豆高

出2到3倍?；蛟S擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)量有助于縮小差距。）可知，擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)量有助于降低昆蟲(chóng)蛋白的價(jià)格。根據(jù)第四段的

第四句中的“globalinsectproductionwillreach500,000tonnesayearby2030,upfromjust10,000tonnes

currcntly^^（至lj2030年，每年全球昆蟲(chóng)的產(chǎn)量將從目前的1萬(wàn)噸增加至50萬(wàn)噸）可知，昆蟲(chóng)產(chǎn)量將會(huì)擴(kuò)大，

由此推知，昆蟲(chóng)蛋白的價(jià)格將會(huì)下降。所以“tumble”的意思為“下降”。A.remainuncertain依舊不穩(wěn)定；B.keep

steady保持穩(wěn)定;C.goup上升;D.godown下降。所以D項(xiàng)與“tumble”語(yǔ)義一致。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Insectcompanieshaveworkedhardontheirbusiness.Researchsuggestsinsectsmay

bemorethanmerefeed,promotinggrowthratesandimmunesystemsaswellasfillingstomachs.Theyalsooffer

theprospect（前景）ofagreen,localprotein.”（昆蟲(chóng)公司一直在努力推銷自己的產(chǎn)品。研究表明，昆蟲(chóng)不止是

飼料，除了能夠填飽肚子外，它們還能夠加快發(fā)育速度、增強(qiáng)免疫力。它們開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一種綠色的本地蛋白質(zhì)

的未來(lái)。）可知，第五段主要介紹了昆蟲(chóng)的用途：飼料、充饑、加快發(fā)育速度和增強(qiáng)免疫力。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句"Strangely,peopleseemlessinterestedintheideathanchickensand

pigs.”（奇怪的是，相比食用雞肉和豬肉，人們似乎對(duì)食用昆蟲(chóng)這個(gè)想法沒(méi)有那么感興趣。）可知，人們對(duì)昆

蟲(chóng)蛋白的態(tài)度是不關(guān)心。故選C項(xiàng)。

2

（2022?云南昆明?高三開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Childrenaremorelikelytopreferfoodstheybelievetobenaturalto

human-madeoptions,ratingthemhigherfbrtastiness,safetyanddesirability,astudyshows.

ResearchersattheUniversitiesofEdinburghandYalestudiedthepreferencesofmorethan374adultsand

childrenintheUnitedSlateswhenpresentedwithapplesandorangejuiceandtoldoftheirorigins.

Inonestudy,137childrenaged6to10yearsoldwereshownthreeapples.Theyweretoldonewasgrownona

farm,onewasmadeinalab,andanothergrownonatreeinsidealab.Adultstookpartinthesamestudyto

compareagegroups.Bothchildrenandadultspreferredapplestheybelievedweregrownonfarmstothosegrown

inlabs,researchersfound.Childrenweremorelikelytorefertofreshness,beingoutside,orsunlightwhen

consideringwhytheychosethefarmapple.Adultsweremorelikelytomentionnaturalness.

Inasecondstudy,85childrenaged5to7yearsoldandagroupof64adultswereshownfourdifferentkinds

oforangejuice-onedescribedassqueezedonafarm,onewithnoinformationaboutit,onewithchemicals

removedandonedescribedashavingchemicalsadded.Researchersfoundthattheinformationonthejuice's

naturalnesshadasignificanteffectonitsrating.Theparticipantstendedtochoosethemorenaturaloptionbasedon

perceivedtaste,safetyanddesiretoconsume.

DrMattiWilksoftheUniversityofEdinburgh'sSchoolofPhilosophy,PsychologyandLanguageSciences

said,"Overallweprovideevidencethatourtendencytoprefernaturalfoodispresentinchildhood.Thisresearch

offersafirststeptowardsunderstandinghowthesepreferencesareformed,includingwhethertheyaresocially

learnedandwhatdrivesourtendencytoprefernaturalthings.”

5.Howdidresearchersdrawtheirconclusion?

A.Bydoingexperiments.B.Byanalyzingreasons.

C.Bytestingchildren'stastes.D.Bystudyingdifferentfruits.

6.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetwostudiesmentionedinthetext?

A.Adultspreferapplestoorangejuice.B.Chemicalsdoharmtoeaters?health.

C.Naturalnessattractsdifferentagegroups.D.Labsarewherefruitscanbeeasilyplanted.

7.WhafsDrWilks,attitudetowardthestudy?

A.Doubtful.B.Tolerant.C.Uncaring.D.Positive.

8.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhichtoChoose,ApplesorOrangeJuice?

B.WheretoGrowFruits,onFarmsorinLabs?

C.NaturalFoodIsMoreMouth-wateringtoChildren

D.DifferentAgeGroupsShowDifferentPreferences

【答案】5.A6.B7.D8.C

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們更有可能喜歡天然的食物，而不是人造的

食品。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ResearchersattheUniversitiesofEdinburghandYalestudiedthepreferencesof

morethan374adultsandchildrenintheUnitedStateswhenpresentedwithapplesandorangejuiceandtoldof

theirorigins.（愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)和耶魯大學(xué)的研究人員研究了美國(guó)374名成年人和兒童在被告知蘋(píng)果和橙汁的來(lái)

源時(shí)的偏好。戶以及第三段和第四段內(nèi)容可知，研究人員通過(guò)做實(shí)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論的。故選A。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Inasecondstudy,85childrenaged5to7yearsoldandagroupof64adults

wereshownfourdifferentkindsoforangejuice—onedescribedassqueezedonafarm,onewithnoinformation

aboutit,onewithchemicalsremovedandonedescribedashavingchemicalsadded.（在第二項(xiàng)研究中，85名5至

7歲的兒童和一組64名成年人被展示了四種不同的橙汁——?種描述為在農(nóng)場(chǎng)榨取的橙汁，一種沒(méi)有相關(guān)

信息，一種不含化學(xué)物質(zhì)，還有一種描述為添加了化學(xué)物質(zhì)。）"和"Theparticipantstendedtochoosethemore

naturaloptionbasedonperceivedtaste,safetyanddesiretoconsume.（參與者傾向于根據(jù)感知至ij的味道、安全性

和消費(fèi)欲望選擇更自然的選項(xiàng)。）“可推斷，化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)食客的健康有害。故選B。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“DrMattiWilksoftheUniversityofEdinburgh'sSchoolofPhilosophy,

PsychologyandLanguageSciencessaid,“Overallweprovideevidencethatourtendencytoprefernaturalfoodis

presentinchildhood.Thisresearchoffersafirststeptowardsunderstandinghowthesepreferencesareformed,

includingwhethertheyaresociallylearnedandwhatdrivesourtendencytoprefernaturalthings.”（愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)哲

學(xué)、心理學(xué)和語(yǔ)言科學(xué)學(xué)院的馬蒂?威爾克斯博士說(shuō)：“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我們提供的證據(jù)表明，我們?cè)谕陼r(shí)期就

有偏愛(ài)天然食物的傾向?！边@項(xiàng)研究為理解這些偏好是如何形成的邁出了第一步，包括它們是否來(lái)自社會(huì)學(xué)

習(xí)，以及是什么驅(qū)使我們傾向于偏好自然事物?？赏茢啵柨怂共┦繉?duì)這項(xiàng)研究的態(tài)度是積極的。故

選D。

8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Childrenaremorelikelytopreferfoodstheybelievetobenaturalto

human-madeoptions,ratingthemhigherfortastiness,safetyanddesirability,astudyshows.（——項(xiàng)研究顯示，孩子

們更有可能喜歡他們認(rèn)為是天然的食物，而不是人造的選擇，在味道、安全性和吸引力方面給它們的評(píng)分

更高?！嚎芍恼轮饕榻B了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們更有可能喜歡天然的食物，而不是人造的食品。所以“Natural

FoodIsMoreMouth-wateringtoChildren（天然食物更讓孩子垂涎三尺）”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選Co

3

（2022?內(nèi)蒙古?滿洲里市教研培訓(xùn)中心三模）Sweeteners（甜味劑）areconsumedbymillionseverydayin

productslikedietsoda,partlyasawaytoavoidweightgainfromsugar-buthowhealthythesesubstitutesarehas

longbeencontroversial.

Toassessthecancerriskofsweeteners,researchersanalysedthedataofmorethan100,000peopleinFrance

whoself-reportedtheirdiet,lifestyleandmedicalhistoryinintervalsbetween2009-2021.

“Theparticipantswhoconsumedthelargestamountofsweeteners,beyondthemiddleamount,hadan

increasedcancerriskof13percentcomparedtonon-consumers,“saidMathildeTouvier,researchdirectorat

France'sINSERMinstitute.

Thestudysaidthatahighercancerriskwasparticularlyseenwithsweetenersaspartame（阿巴斯甜）and

acesulfamepotassium（安賽蜜），usedinmanysoftdrinksincludingCokeZero.Softdrinksaccountedformorethan

halfoftheartificialsweetenersconsumed,whiletable-topsweetenersrepresented29percent.

Thestudyfoundthat"higherriskswereobservedforbreastcancerandobesity-relatedcancers”.Touviersaid

“wecannottotallyexcludebiaseslinkedtothelifestyleofconsumers”,callingforfurtherresearchtoconfirmthe

study'sresults.

TheUSNationalCancerInstituteandCancerResearchUKbothsaythatsweetenersdonotcausecancer,and

theyhavebeenauthorisedforusebytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority.MichaelJonesofTheInstituteofCancer

Research,Londonsaidthatthelinkreportedinthestudywas“notproofthatartificialsweetenerscausecancer”.

Hesaidthefindingscouldsuggestthat“cancerriskmayberaisedinthetypeofpersonwhousesartificial

sweetenerratherthanthesweeteneritself.95

Thursday'sfindingsalsodonotmeanconsumersshouldrushbacktosugarydrinks-aformerstudyfoundthat

theywerealsolinkedtoahigherriskofseveralcancertypes.

9.Whydopeopleprefertochooseproductswithsweeteners?

A.Theseproductsarecheapinprice.

B.Sweetenersusedinthemaretotallysafe.

C.Sweetenersinthemhelppeoplenottoputonweight.

D.Theseproductshavebettertastethanthosewithsugar.

10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?

A.Scientistsmainlyfocusonsweetenersusedinsoftdrinks.

B.Thefindingswerenotsupportedbyallscientistsandinstitutes.

C.Thedatawascollectedonalargescalefornomorethantenyears.

D.Theintakeofsweetenerscanleadto13%participantsfacingcancerrisk.

11.WhichofthefollowingwouldMichaelJonesagreewith?

A.Artificialsweetenersshouldn'tbeusedcautiously.

B.Drinkingmuchdietsodawillbringinlowerriskofcancer.

C.Peopleshouldtakeinfoodwithsugarinsteadofsweeteners.

D.Cancerriskmayhavemuchtodowiththelifestyleofpeople.

12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Sweetenersincreasingcancerrisk:notforsure

B.Thefutureofemployingartificialsweeteners

C.Timetorushbacktosugarydrinks

D.Alarge-scalestudyonsweeteners

【答案】9.C10.B11.D12.A

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)幾項(xiàng)不同實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明甜味劑增加癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)這是不確定的。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Sweeteners（甜味齊lj）areconsumedbymillionseverydayinproductslikedietsoda,

partlyasawaytoavoidweightgainfromsugar（每天數(shù)百萬(wàn)人飲食中攝入甜味劑，比如蘇打水等產(chǎn)品，部分原因

是為了避免糖分的攝入導(dǎo)致體重增加）“可知，人們選擇食用甜味劑目的是避免體重的增加。故選C。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“wecannottotallyexcludebiaseslinkedtothelifestyleofconsumers”,callingfor

furtherresearchtoconfirmthestudy'sresults（我們不能完全排除與消費(fèi)者生活方式有關(guān)的偏見(jiàn)，并呼吁進(jìn)一步

研究來(lái)證實(shí)該研究的結(jié)果）”可知，對(duì)于這一研究的結(jié)論需要進(jìn)一步證實(shí)，由此推斷并非所有科學(xué)家和機(jī)構(gòu)都

認(rèn)可這一結(jié)論。故選B。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Toassessthecancerriskofsweeteners,researchersanalysedthedataofmorethan

100,000peopleinFrancewhoself-repoiledtheirdiet,lifestyleandmedicalhistoryinintervalsbetween

2009-2021.”（為了評(píng)估甜味劑的癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，研究人員分析了法國(guó)10多萬(wàn)人的數(shù)據(jù)，這些人在2009-2021期

間自我報(bào)告了自己的飲食、生活方式和病史。）根據(jù)第六段“MichaelJonesofTheInstituteofCancerResearch,

Londonsaidthatthelinkreportedinthestudywas“notproofthatartificialsweetenerscausecancer^^.^^（倫敦癌癥

研究所的邁克爾?瓊斯說(shuō)，研究報(bào)告中的聯(lián)系“并不能證明人造甜味劑會(huì)致癌”）根據(jù)第七段“Hesaidthe

findingscouldsuggestthat"cancerriskmayberaisedinthetypeofpersonwhousesartificialsweetenerrather

thanthesweeteneritself.（他說(shuō)，研究結(jié)果可能表明，“使用人造甜味劑而不是甜味劑本身的人患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可

能會(huì)增加廣可知，MichaelJones認(rèn)為癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能與人們的生活方式有很大關(guān)系。故選D。

12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Sweeteners（甜味劑）areconsumedbymillionseverydayinproductslikedietsoda,

partlyasawaytoavoidweightgainfromsugar-buthowhealthythesesubstitutesarehaslongbeen

comroversiaK每天數(shù)百萬(wàn)人飲食中攝入甜味劑，比如蘇打水等產(chǎn)品,部分原因是為了避免糖分的攝入導(dǎo)致體重

增加，但是這些替代品有多健康一直是有爭(zhēng)議的）”根據(jù)第二段“Toassessthecancerriskofsweeteners,

researchersanalysedthedataofmorethan100,000peopleinFrancewhoself-reportedtheirdiet,lifestyleand

medicalhistoryinintervalsbetween2009-2021.”（為了評(píng)估甜味劑的癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，研究人員分析了法國(guó)10多萬(wàn)

人的數(shù)據(jù)，這些人在2009-2021期間自我報(bào)告了自己的飲食、生活方式和病史。）根據(jù)第六段“TheUSNational

CancerInstituteandCancerResearchUKbothsaythatsweetenersdonotcausecancer,andtheyhavebeen

authorisedforusebytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority.”（美國(guó)國(guó)家癌癥研究所和英國(guó)癌癥研究所都表示，

甜味劑不會(huì)導(dǎo)致癌癥，而且它們已經(jīng)得到了歐洲食品安全局的批準(zhǔn)。）可知，雖然人們食用大量甜味劑，但

實(shí)際這些甜味劑是否會(huì)增加癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)還不確定。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“甜味劑增加癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)這是不確

定故選A。

4

（2022?天津市新華中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）“InonlysixdaysIlostsevenpoundsofweight.”"Twofullinchesinthe

firstthreedays!”

Thesearethekindsofstatementsusedinmagazine,newspaper,radioandtelevisionads,promisingnew

shapesandnewlookstothosewhobuythemedicineorthedevice.Thepromotersofproductssaytheycanshape

thelegs,slimtheface,smoothwrinkles,orinsomeotherwaytoaddtobeautyordesirability.

Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoneymakingthingsfortheirpromoters.Theresultstheyproduce

arequestionable,andsomearedangeroustohealth.

Tounderstandhowtheseproductscanbelegallypromotedtothepublic,itisnecessarytounderstand

somethingofthelawscoveringtheirregulation.Iftheproductisadrug,FDA（FoodandDrugAdministration）can

requireproofundertheFood,Drug,andCosmeticActthatissafeandeffectivebeforeitisputonthemarket.Butif

theproductisadevice,FDAhasnoauthoritytorequirepremarketingproofofsafetyoreffectiveness.Ifaproduct

alreadyonthemarketisadangertohealth,FDAcanrequesttheproducerordistributortoremoveitfromthe

marketvoluntarily,oritcantakelegalaction,includingseizure（查封）oftheproduct.

OnenotablecaseafewyearsagoinvolvedanelectricaldevicecalledtheRelaxacisor,whichhadbeensoldfor

reducingthewaistline（腰圍）.TheRelaxacisorproducedelectricalshockstothebodythroughcontactpads.FDA

tooklegalactionagainstthedistributortostopthesaleofthedeviceonthegroundsthatitwasdangeroustohealth

andlife.

Obviously,mostofthedevicesonthemarkethaveneverbeenthesubjectofcourtproceedings（法律訴訟）,

andnewdevicesappearcontinually.Beforebuying,itisuptotheconsumertojudgethesafetyoreffectivenessof

suchitems.

13.Itcanbeinferredthatadsmentionedinthetextare.

A.objectiveB.costlyC.illegalD.unreliable

14.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.Thecourtisinchargeofremovingdangerousproduct.

B.Newproductsaremorelikelytobequestionable.

C.Thepromotersusuallyjustcareaboutprofits.

D.TheproductionofadevicemustbeapprovedbyFDA.

15.FDAcanaskfortheproofofsafetyandeffectivenessofaproduct.

A.ifitisadeviceB.ifitisadrug

C.ifitsconsumersmakecomplaintsD.ifitsdistributorschallengeFDA'sauthority

16.Theauthorintendsto.

A.makeconsumersawareofthepromoters'falsepromises

B.showtheweaknessofthelawonproductsafety

C.giveadviceonhowtokeepyoungandbeautiful

D.introducetheorganizationofFDA

【答案】13.D14.C15.B16.A

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是消費(fèi)者要注意判斷產(chǎn)品推廣是否是真實(shí)的。

13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoneymakingthingsfortheir

promoters4通常情況下，這類產(chǎn)品對(duì)他們的推廣者來(lái)說(shuō)只不過(guò)是賺錢(qián)的工具。）''可推斷出，文中提到的廣告

是不可靠的，即unreliable,故選D。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoneymakingthingsfortheir

promoters4通常情況下，這類產(chǎn)品對(duì)他們的推廣者來(lái)說(shuō)只不過(guò)是賺錢(qián)的工具。）“可知，推廣者通常只關(guān)心利

潤(rùn)，即Thepromotersusuallyjustcareaboutprofits,故選C°

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Iftheproductisadrug,FDA（FoodandDrugAdministration）canrequireproof

undertheFood,Drug,andCosmeticActthatissafeandeffectivebeforeitisputonthemarket.（如果該產(chǎn)品是——

種藥物，F(xiàn)DA（食品和藥物管理局）可以要求根據(jù)《食品、藥物和化妝品法》證明其安全有效，然后才將其投

放市場(chǎng)。廠可知，如果是一種藥物，F(xiàn)DA可以要求證明產(chǎn)品的安全性和有效性。故選B。

16.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段的“Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoneymakingthingsfor

theirpromoters.Theresultstheyproducearequestionable,andsomearedangeroustohealth.（通常'情況下,這類產(chǎn)

品對(duì)他們的推廣者來(lái)說(shuō)只不過(guò)是賺錢(qián)的工具。它們產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是可疑的，有些對(duì)健康有害。廣和最后一段的

''Beforebuying,itisuptotheconsumertojudgethesafetyoreffectivenessofsuchitems.（在購(gòu)買(mǎi)之前，由消費(fèi)者

來(lái)判斷這些商品的安全性或有效性。）“可知，本文作者的目的是想讓消費(fèi)者注意虛假的推廣，故選A。

二、七選五

（2022?山東?濟(jì)南市歷城第二中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）WhyDoesFoodTasteBadOnAirplanes?

Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?Accordingtopopularlyaccepted

studies,thereasonmightbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste.17Lefsgetintotheactualdetails

beforeyougetoffended.

TheCabinAiris15%DrierThantheAirontheGround

Tomaintainthepressureinsidethecabin,airlinesmustcloselyregulatetheairinside,involvingchangingits

composition.Theairinsideairplanecabinsisfarmoredrythantheairwebreatheontheground.18Inan

environmentlikethis,yourpowersoftasteandsmellbegintodriftaway.

ThePressureInsidetheCabinisLowerThanontheGround

Inthepressurizedcabinapassenger'sbodilyfluidswillmoveupwardsandthenasalcavities（鼻月空）swell.

Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingthefoodtasteunappealing.Youmightknowhowdininginsuch

conditionsfeel,sincewe'veallfoughtcoldsinthepast.19

20

Badfoodcan'tbeblamedmerelyonthein-cabinconditionstoo.It'salsopossiblethatthefoodisactuallybad.

Duetofoodsafetystandards,allmealsmustbecookedonthegroundandunbreakable.Suchrequirementsformass

productiondefinitelytiesdowntheChef'shands.

Whatcanbedone?

21Apparently,chefshavebeentryingtoadaptrecipesinhowfoodtastesathighaltitudes.Everyone

needstobepatientuntilbettersolutionsformassfoodproductionarefound.

A.Themethodoffoodproductionisdifferent.

B.Themassproductionoffoodistoblame.

C.Insomecases,it'sevendrierthancertaindeserts.

D.Asickpersonisfarfromthebestjudgeoffoodquality.

E.Thatmakesitourbody'sfault,ratherthantheairlines.

F.Butthatdoesn'tmeanmealsservedonairplanescan'ttastejustasgood.

G.Basically,wecan'tusethesamerecipesforairlinemealsthatwewoulduseontheground.

【答案】17.E18.C19.D20.A21.G

【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要分析了飛機(jī)上食物嘗起來(lái)沒(méi)有味道的原因。

17.根據(jù)上文“Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?”（你有多少次抱怨航空

食品無(wú)味？）可知，我們時(shí)常抱怨飛機(jī)上食物寡淡無(wú)味。MSl^thereasonmightbeachangeinourabilityto

perceivetaste（原因可能是我們感知味道的能力發(fā)生/變化）”可知，這可能是我們自身的原因，而不是食物的

問(wèn)題。故選E項(xiàng)。

18.根據(jù)上文“Theairinsideairplanecabinsisfarmoredrythantheairwebreatheontheground.^^（機(jī)艙內(nèi)的空

氣比我們?cè)诘孛嫔虾粑目諝飧稍锏枚唷＃┛芍?，機(jī)艙內(nèi)的空氣更干燥些，再根據(jù)后文“Inanenvironmentlike

this,yourpowersoftasteandsmellbegintodriftaway."（在這樣的環(huán)境中，你的味覺(jué)和嗅覺(jué)能力開(kāi)始消失。）

可知，味覺(jué)和嗅覺(jué)的能力都開(kāi)始消失，說(shuō)明干燥的程度很嚴(yán)重，因此，設(shè)空處可進(jìn)一步描述干燥的程度。C

項(xiàng)”在某些情況下，它甚至比某些沙漠還要干燥“進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充空氣的干燥程度，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。

19.根據(jù)上文“Inthepressurizedcabinapassenger'sbodilyfluidswillmoveupwardsandthenasalcavitiesswell.

Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingthefoodtasteunappealing.Youmightknowhowdininginsuch

conditionsffeel,sincewe'veallfbughtcoldsinthepast."（在壓力艙中,乘客的體液會(huì)向上移動(dòng)，鼻腔會(huì)腫脹。

腫脹擾亂了我們的味蕾，使食物的味道變得毫無(wú)吸引力。你可能知道在這樣的條件下吃飯的感覺(jué)，因?yàn)槲?/p>

們都曾與感冒作過(guò)斗爭(zhēng)。）可知，上文部分解釋了這與艙內(nèi)的壓力使得味蕾、鼻腔都發(fā)生變化有關(guān)。這種情

況跟我們感冒時(shí)吃東西總感覺(jué)沒(méi)有味道的情況類似。由此可知，我們不能根據(jù)自身原因來(lái)評(píng)判食物。故D

項(xiàng)“一個(gè)病人遠(yuǎn)不是食品質(zhì)量的最佳評(píng)判者。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。

20.設(shè)空處小標(biāo)題處，可起到概括總結(jié)的作用。根據(jù)下文“Badfoodcan'tbeblamedmerelyonthein-cabin

conditionstoo.It'salsopossiblethatthefoodisactuallybad.Duetofoodsafetystandards,allmealsmustbe

cookedonthegroundandunbreakable.”（糟糕的食物也不能僅僅川咎于機(jī)艙內(nèi)的狀況。也有可能食物實(shí)際上

是壞的。根據(jù)食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所有的飯菜都必須在地上烹調(diào)，而且不易碎。）可知，艙內(nèi)生產(chǎn)食物的方式跟

一般情況是有所不同的。故選A項(xiàng)。

21.根據(jù)后文“Apparently,chefshavebeentryingtoadaptrecipesinhowfoodtastesathighaltitudes.Everyone

needstobepatientuntilbettersolutionsformassfoodproductionarefound."（顯然，廚師們一直在努力調(diào)整食

譜，以適應(yīng)高海拔地區(qū)食物的口味。在找到更好的大規(guī)模食品生產(chǎn)解決方案之前，每個(gè)人都需要耐心。）可

知，我們不能在飛機(jī)上使用與地面上相同的食譜，所以廚師著手改進(jìn)配方。G項(xiàng)“基本上，我們不能使用與

地面上相同的航空餐點(diǎn)食譜。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。

三、完形填空

（2022?上海市松江二中高三階段練習(xí)）Thebeauty,majesty,andtimelessnessofaprimaryrainforestare

indescribable.Itisimpossibleto22onfilm,todescribeinwords,ortoexplaintothosewhohavenever

hadtheawe-inspiringexperienceofstandingintheheartofaprimaryrainforest.

Rainforestshave23overmillionsofyearstoturnintotheincrediblycomplexenvironmentstheyare

today.Rainforestsrepresentastoreoflivingand24renewablenaturalresourcesthatforages,byvirtueof

theirrichnessinbothanimalandplantspecies,have25-awealthofresourcesforthesurvivaland

well-beingofhumankind.Theseresourceshaveincludedbasicfoodsupplies,clothing,shelter,fuel,spices,

industrialrawmaterials,andmedicineforallthosewhohavelivedinthemajestyoftheforest.26,the

innerdynamicsofatropicalrainforestisanintricate（錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的）andfragilesystem.Everythingisso

27thatupsettingonepartcanleadtounknowndamageorevendestructionofthewhole.Sadly,ithas

takenonlyacenturyofhumaninterventiontodestroywhatnaturedesignedto28forever.

Thescaleofhuman29onecosystemseverywherehasincreasedenormouslyinthelastfewdecades.

Since1980theglobaleconomyhastripledinsizeandtheworldpopulationhasincreasedby30percent.

Consumptionofeverythingontheplanethasrisen—atacostofour30.In2001,TheWorldResources

Instituteestimatedthatthedemandforrice,wheat,andcornisexpectedtogrowby40%by2020,increasing

irrigationwaterdemandsby50%ormore.Theyfurtherreportedthatthedemandforwoodcoulddoublebythe

year2050;31.itisstillthetropicalforestsoftheworldthatsupplythebulkoftheworld'sdemandfor

wood.

In1950,about15percentoftheEarth,slandsurfacewascoveredbyrainforest.Today,morethanhalfhas

alreadygoneupin32.Infewerthanfiftyyears,morethanhalfoftheworld'stropicalrainforestshave

fallen33tofireandthechainsaw,andtherateofdestructionisstillaccelerating.Unbelievably,more

than200,000acresofrainforestareburnedeveryday.Thatismorethan150acreslosteveryminuteofeveryday,

and78millionacreslosteveryyear!Morethan20percentoftheAmazonrainforestisalreadygone,andmuch

moreisseverelythreatenedasthedestructioncontinues.ItisestimatedthattheAmazonaloneisvanishingatarate

of20,000squaremilesayear.Ifnothingisdonetocurb（抑制）this34theentireAmazoncouldwellbe

gonewithinfiftyyears.

Massive35bringswithitmanyuglyconsequences——airandwaterpollution,soilerosion,malaria

epidemics,thereleaseofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphereandthe36ofbiodiversitythroughextinction

ofplantsandanimals.Fewerrainforestsmeanlessrain,lessoxygenforustobreathe,andanincreasedthreatfrom

globalwarming.

22.A.maintainB.captureC.claimD.prove

23.A.changedB.evolvedC.expandedD.existed

24.A.energizingB.healing