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介紹HTTP傳輸協(xié)議1HTTPBasics2HTTPRequest3HTTPResponse4HTTPConnections5HTTPHeaders6Summary目錄CONTENTS全英文介紹HTTP傳輸協(xié)議COMMENDATIONCONGRESSarticle,weprovideacomprehensiveintroductiontotheHTTPtransmissionprotocolHTTP,shortforHypertextTransferProtocol,isthefoundationofdatacommunicationontheWorldWideWeb.Designedtotransferinformationbetweenserversandclientsinareliableandefficientmanner,HTTPhasbeenacrucialcomponentinthedevelopmentofmodernweb-basedapplications.InthisHTTPBasicsPART1HTTPBasics5HTTPisaprotocolbasedontheTransmissionControlProtocol(TCP).Itestablishesaconnection-orientedcommunicationsessionbetweenaclientandaserverwiththepurposeofexchangingdata.HTTPisanapplicationprotocoloftheInternetprotocolsuite,alsoknownastheTCP/IPprotocolsuiteHTTPcommunicationoccursthroughrequest-responsetransactions.Aclient,suchasawebbrowser,sendsarequesttoaserverforspecificcontent.TheserverprocessestherequestandsendsaresponsebacktotheclientwiththerequestedinformationHTTPRequestPART2HTTPRequestHTTPrequestsarethefundamentalcomponentofHTTPcommunication.Theyspecifytheactiontobetakenbytheserverandidentifythespecificresourcetobefetchedorprocessed.HTTP/1.1,themostcommonlyusedversionofHTTP,definesseveralrequestmethods,includingHTTPRequest1GET：Requestsaspecificresourcefromtheserver.Itisusedtoretrievedatafromawebpageorresource2POST：Sendsdatatotheserverforprocessing.Itistypicallyusedtosubmituserinputoruploadfiles3PUT：RequeststhattheserverstoretheenclosedentityunderthesuppliedURI.Itisusedtocreateorreplaceanexistingresource4DELETE：RequeststhattheserverdeletetheresourceidentifiedbytheURI5HEAD：SimilartoGET,buttheresponsecontainsonlyHTTPheaderinformationwithouttheactualdata.ItisusedfortestingorretrievingmetadataaboutaresourceHTTPRequestEachrequestmethodisidentifiedbyasingle-bytecodethatistransmittedintherequestlineoftheHTTPmessageHTTPResponsePART3HTTPResponseHTTPresponsesaresentbytheserverinresponsetoanHTTPrequest.Theyprovidefeedbackonthestatusoftherequestexecutionandincludeanyresultingdataormetadata.HTTP/1.1definesseveralresponsecodes,rangingfrom1xx(Informational)to5xx(ServerError)ResponsecodesaregroupedintofivecategoriesbasedontheirsignificanceHTTPResponse11xx：Informationalresponsesprovideinformationabouttheprogressoftherequestwithoutchangingtheoveralloutcomeofthetransaction22xx：Successfulresponsesindicatethattherequesthasbeensuccessfullyreceived,understood,andacceptedbytheserver33xx：Redirectionresponsesindicatethatfurtheractionneedstobetakentocompletetherequest.TheseresponsesaretypicallygeneratedwheninformationislocatedtemporarilyorpermanentlyatanotherURL44xx：ClientErrorresponsesindicatethattherequestcouldnotbeprocessedduetofactorsrelatedtotheclient.Forexample,theseresponsesmaybeissuedwhenaninvalidrequestisreceivedorwhenauthorizationisrequiredtoaccessaresource55xx：ServerErrorresponsesindicatethatanerroroccurredontheserverthatpreventeditfromfulfillingtherequest.TheseerrorsaretypicallyduetointernalserverissuesorprogrammingmistakesHTTPResponseEachresponseincludesastatuslinethatindicatestheresponsecodeandreasonphrase,followedbyoneormoreheadersandanoptionalmessagebodycontaininganyresultingdataormetadataHTTPConnectionsPART4HTTPConnectionsTHTTPcommunicationtypicallyoccursoverTCPconnections.WhenaclientwantstosendanHTTPrequest,itfirstestablishesaTCPconnectionwiththeserverbyusingoneofthewell-knownports(typicallyport80forHTTP).TheclientthensendstheHTTPrequestovertheTCPconnectionandwaitsforaresponsefromtheserver.Oncetheresponseisreceived,theclienttypicallyclosestheTCPconnection.However,keep-aliveconnectionsallowmultiplerequestsandresponsestobeexchangedoverasingleTCPconnectionHTTPHeadersPART5HTTPHeadersHTTPheadersaremetadatasentwitheachHTTPrequestorresponsethatprovideadditionalinformationaboutthemessageoritspayload.Headersallowclientsandserverstocommunicateadditionalparametersnecessaryforproperdataexchange,suchasMIMEtypes,charactersets,cachecontroldirectives,sessioncookies,andauthorizationtokens.Theyaretypicallyidentifiedbytheirnamefollowedbyacolonandasinglespace,immediatelyprecedingtheirvalue.Multipleheaderscanbesentwithineachmessage,separatedbyanewlinecharacter(\n)SummaryPART6SummaryTTheHypertextTransferProtocol(HTTP)isthefoundationofdatacommunicationontheWorldWideWeb,providingareliableandefficientmechanismfortransferringinformationbetweenserversandclients.HTTPoperatesontopoftheTransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)andreliesonrequest-respons

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