外研版中考英語復(fù)習(xí)第四章代詞教學(xué)課件

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基于語義的語法知識篇第四章代詞考點導(dǎo)圖中考考點回顧考點題型考頻（5年10考）考點內(nèi)容人稱代詞語法選擇4年1考2021：人稱代詞it作形式主語5

短文填空5年3考2021,2022,2023：人稱代詞作賓語6

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物主代詞語法選擇4年3考2019,2020,2022,2023：形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞2

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短文填空5年2考反身代詞單項填空1年1考2019：固定搭配byoneself

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單項填空35.NobodytaughttheoldladyhowtouseWeChat.Shelearneditallby______.A.she B.her C.herself D.hers考點解析

考查反身代詞的固定搭配byoneself的用法。此處指代前文所提到的theoldlady。故選C。2

短文填空Inordertosavetheoldvillage，GrandpaHuangpaintedonthewallsof__74__ownhouseandotherhouses.考點解析

考查形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。此處指代前文所提到的GrandpaHuang。故填his。3

語法選擇Judiedecidedtoaskherdadforhelpasitwas__35__firsttimetomakeakite.A.her B.herself C.hers D.she考點解析

考查形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。此處指代前文所提到的Judie。故選A。4

短文填空…shehelped12kidswithit！Shefeltveryexcitedwhenshesawsmileson__74__faces.考點解析

考查形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。此處指代前文所提到的12kids。故填their。5

語法選擇WorkersstartedtobuildthebridgeinMay,2018.__33__cost$2.8millionandtookovertwoyearstocomplete.A.It B.Its C.They D.Theirs考點解析

考查人稱代詞it的特殊用法。it在此處作形式主語。故選A。6

短文填空Onemanhasturnedhisinterestintoloveandthislovemade__66__writemanybooksaboutChina.考點解析

考查人稱代詞作賓語。此處指代前文所提到的Oneman。故填him。7語法選擇Finally，__40__hardworkpaidoff.A.she B.her C.hers考點解析

考查形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。此處指代前文所提到的WangYiyi。故選B。8

短文填空ThefirstInternationalTeaDaywasonMay21st，2020.Sincethen，peoplehavecelebrated___75___everyyear.考點解析

考查人稱代詞作賓語。此處指代前文所提到的InternationalTeaDay。故填it。9語法選擇Attheageofseven,Davidhad__32__firstastronaut(宇航員)trainingexperience.A.he B.him C.his考點解析

考查形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。此處指代前文所提到的David。故選C。10短文填空Thereisasmallthingweuseeveryday.Weusuallyput__66__inthebathroom.考點解析

考查人稱代詞作賓語。此處指代前文所提到的asmallthing。故填it?？键c精講精練考點1人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的分類人稱單數(shù)主格賓格復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit2.人稱代詞的用法(1)主格用在動詞前，作句子的主語。例Iusedtobeafraidofthedark.我過去怕黑。練______liketheswimmerQinHaiyangalot.他們非常喜歡游泳運動員覃海洋。(2)賓格用在動詞或介詞之后，作賓語(5年3考)；也可用在系動詞之后，作表語。例Letmetalkwithhim.讓我來和他聊一聊。練Thatlittlegirlinthepictureis________.照片里的小女孩是我。Theyme3.it的特殊用法（1）作人稱代詞，指代嬰兒或未確定身份、性別的人。例Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.這個嬰兒哭了，因為它餓了。練Thereisaknockonthedoor.______mightbethepostman.有人在敲門，有可能是郵遞員。（2）表示時間、天氣、季節(jié)、距離等。例Whattimeisitnow？現(xiàn)在幾點了？練______isfivekilometersfromhere.距離這里5千米遠(yuǎn)。ItIt（3）常用句型。①it作形式主語(2021.33)：It's+adj.（＋forsb.）＋todosth.做某事（對某人來說）是……的。It's+adj.＋ofsb.＋todosth.某人做某事真是太……It's＋adj.＋that從句.……是……的。②it作形式賓語：Sb.find(s)/think(s)it＋adj.＋todosth.某人發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為做某事是……的。③其他：It'stime（forsb.）todosth.是(某人)做某事的時間了。Itseemsthat好像……It'sone'sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事了。()1.Ilikethosebooks!WhenIgetmypocketmoney,Iwillbuy_______.(2023安徽改編)A.it B.that C.themC()2.Thetwinslookthesame,eventheirfatherfinds_______difficulttotellthemfromeachother.（2023四川涼山州）A.that B.this C.it()3.Thechildrenhavepaintedsince_______couldfirstpickupabrush.（2023江蘇揚州改編）A.they B.them C.theirCAwetheyyouheitsheI4.Ourteachertalkedto________aboutthestoriesoftheSilkRoad.（2023天津改編）5.LilywillarriveinChangchuntomorrow.Let'shaveapartyfor________.(2023吉林改編)6.Weallthink________quitenecessarytostopschoolbullying.usherit7.NancyandKatearegoodfriends.________arebothfromEngland.8.Theoldmanoftentellstheminterestingstories,sotheylike________verymuch.Theyhim考點2物主代詞1.物主代詞的分類人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第一人稱mymineourours第二人稱youryoursyouryours第三人稱hishistheirtheirsherhersitsits2.物主代詞的用法(1)形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，作定語，后面接名詞（5年5考）。例Mydreamistobeanengineer.我的夢想是成為一名工程師。練Iwillaccept________advice.我將接受他的建議。his(2)名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞，可作主語、賓語或表語，后面不接名詞。例IsthisT-shirtyours？這件T恤衫是你的嗎？（yours=yourT-shirt）練Ifyoucan'tfindyourhat,take______.如果你找不到你的帽子，就戴我的吧。（mine=myhat）mine()1.Yourschoollibrarylooksasmodernas_______.Canyoushowmearound?（2023江蘇連云港改編）A.we B.us C.ours()2.TomandJerryhavealotincommon._______favoritebasketballplayerisJamesHarden.A.They B.Their C.TheirsCB()3.Don'tshaketheyoungtree._______leavesarefallingoff.A.It's B.Its C.ItBtheysheIyouweithe4.—Harry,isthisyourbasketball?—Yes,it's________.（2023福建改編）5.TheboyisfromYunnan,and________nameisLiHua.（2023云南改編）6.Helenworksasavolunteerinherneighborhoodwithsomeclassmatesof________.minehishers7.—Whosecameraisthis？Isit________？—No，it'snotmine.It'shis.8.Wemustcleanup________classroombeforegoinghome.yoursour考點3反身代詞1.反身代詞的分類人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himselfthemselvesherselfitself2.反身代詞的用法（1）反身代詞必須要與被指代人在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，意為“某人自己”。例Hemanagedtorepairthecarbyhimself.他自己設(shè)法修好了汽車。（2）反身代詞可以在句中作賓語、表語和同位語。①作賓語，置于動詞或介詞之后，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。例Weenjoyedourselvesintheparkyesterday.我們昨天在公園玩得很開心。②作表語，置于系動詞之后，通常表示主語的狀態(tài)，如：身體健康、精神狀態(tài)等。例Maryisnotquiteherselftoday.瑪麗今天身體不舒服。③作同位語，表示親自或本人，起強調(diào)作用。例Sheherselfisastudent,too.她自己也是一個學(xué)生。(3)反身代詞的固定搭配：動詞+反身代詞介詞+反身代詞dressoneself自己穿衣服enjoyoneself玩得開心helponeself(to)自用(食物等)hurtoneself傷了自己loseoneself(in)沉迷于protectoneself保護(hù)自己teachoneself(=learnbyoneself)自學(xué)cometooneself蘇醒lookafteroneself照顧自己takecareofoneself照顧自己keepsth.tooneself保守秘密saytooneself自言自語byoneself(=onone'sown)單獨地；獨自地(2019.35)foroneself為自己()1.—IsawyourgrandmausingDouyinonthephone.Whotaughther?—Nobody.Shetaught_______.（2023四川遂寧改編）A.she B.her C.herselfC()2.—Mybestfriendismorepopularthanme.Iwanttobelikehim.—It'snotnecessarytobethesame.Youshouldjustbe_______.(2023湖南郴州改編)A.you B.yourself C.your()3.—Wheredidyougetthetoycar?—FromHenry.Hemadeitby_______.A.he B.himself C.himBBheitIweyoushethey4.Inouropinion,protectinganimalsisprotecting________.（2023新疆改編）5.EverytimeImeetdifficulties,Ialwayssayto________,“Yes,Ican!”（2023浙江寧波改編）6.Teachersoftensaythatteenagersshouldlearntolookafter______________.ourselvesmyselfthemselves7.Maryhadtocookdinnerby________whileherparentswereaway.8.Tom,believein________andyoucanmakeit.herselfyourself考點4指示代詞1.指示代詞的分類單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)this(這個)these(這些)that(那個)those(那些)2.指示代詞的用法(1)this和these指在空間或時間上較近的人或事物。例Isthisthebookyouarelookingfor？這是你要找的那本書嗎？練______cookiesaremadebymymother.這些曲奇餅干是我媽媽做的。(2)that和those指在空間或時間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或事物。例Look！What'sthatinthesky？看！天空中的是什么？練______werethebestyearsofmylife.那些年是我一生最幸福的時光。TheseThose(3)this和that可用于電話用語，this表示自己，that表示對方。例—Hello！Who'sthat？你好！你是哪位？—Hello！ThisisMary.你好！我是瑪麗。練______isAmyspeaking.Who's______,please?我是埃米。請問你是誰？Thisthat(4)在疑問句中，若句子主語是this/that/these/those時，回答用it或they代替。例—Isthisthebuswewanttogeton？這是我們要上的公交車嗎？—Yes，itis.是的，就是它。練—Arethoseappletrees?那些是蘋果樹嗎?—Yes,______are.是的，它們是。they【拓展】為了避免重復(fù)，可用it,one,that,they,them,ones,those指代前面提到過的名詞。（1）it指代上文提到過的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，同類同物，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞則用they或them指代。例Mybikeisveryold,butIlikeitverymuch.我的自行車很舊，但我很喜歡它。練Thesetreesaresomeanimals'homes,soweshouldn'tcut________down.這些樹是一些動物的家，所以我們不應(yīng)該砍伐它們。them（2）one指代上文提到過的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，同類異物，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞則用ones指代。例Thisappleissmall.Pleasegivemeabigone.這個蘋果小了，請給我一個大的。練Idon'tlikethesebooks．I'dlikemoreinteresting________．我不喜歡這些書，我想要些更有趣的書。ones（3）that指代上文提到過的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，同類異物，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞則用those指代，指代時需有后置定語，常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中。例TheweatherinHeilongjiangiscolderthanthatinGuangdonginwinter.黑龍江冬天的天氣比廣東的要冷。練Studentswhoreadalotwritebetterthan________whodon'tlikereading.閱讀量大的學(xué)生寫作比那些不愛閱讀的學(xué)生好。those()1.______picturesaboutCantonTowerareasamazingas______abouttheBaiyunMountain.A.These；this B.This；that C.These；those()2.—Are_______Tom'spencils?—Yes,_______are.A.those;that B.these;they C.this;those CB()3.—Look!______buildingnearuswasbuiltlastyear.—Yes,andIknow______oneovertherewasbuiltthefirsthalfofthisyear.A.This；this B.That；that C.This；that()4.TheperformanceofClass1ismuchbetterthan______ofClass2.A.this B.that C.itCBthistheythatthoseoneithe5.—Whatare________,doyouknow?—Ithinktheyaresmartwatches.（2023黑龍江綏化改編）6.Theweathertodayismuchhotterthan________ofyesterday.7.MaryhasaredpencilandJanehasablue________.8.Hello,________isJackspeaking.9.Howbeautifulyourskirtis!Howmuchis________?thosethatonethisit考點5不定代詞1.不定代詞的分類普通不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,nosomething,anything,everything,nothingsomebody,anybody,everybody,nobodysomeone,anyone,everyone,noone2.不定代詞的用法(1)both,either和neither用于談?wù)搩蓚€人或事物。不定代詞意義及用法舉例both意為“(兩者)都”;作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式Bothofyouarewrong.你們兩個都錯了。either意為“(兩者中的)任意一個”；作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Therearetwoapples.Youcantakeeitherofthem.這里有兩個蘋果。你可以任選一個。neither意為“(兩者中)沒有一個”；作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Neitheroftheanswersiscorrect.兩個答案都不對。練①Neitherofmyparents__________comeyet.我父母都還沒回來。②Bothchildren________interestedinhistorymuseums.兩個孩子都對歷史博物館感興趣。③—WhichT-shirtwouldyoulike,theredoneortheblackone?你喜歡哪一件T恤，紅色的還是黑色的？—EitherT-shirt________OK.這兩件T恤哪一件都行。hasareis(2)all,any和none用于談?wù)撊齻€或以上的人或事物。不定代詞意義及用法舉例all意為“(三者或以上)都”Allofthemarestudents.他們所有人都是學(xué)生。any意為“(三者或以上中)任意一個”Idon'tlikeanyofthesebooks.這些書我一本都不喜歡。none意為“(三者或以上中)沒有一個”Noneofthesepenswork.這些鋼筆沒有一支能用。練①__________childwhobreakstheruleswillbepunished.任何違反規(guī)章的孩子都要受罰。②They__________speakexcellentEnglish.他們都會說一口流利的英語。③Wehavethreesonsbut__________ofthemlivenearby.我們有3個兒子，但他們都不住在附近。Anyallnone(3)each和every都表示“每一個”；“each/every+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。不定代詞意義及用法舉例each①相當(dāng)于形容詞，作定語；也可作代詞，單獨使用②后面可接of短語③指兩者或以上的人或事物中的“每一個”，側(cè)重個體Eachofyoucantrytwice.你們每一個人都可以試兩次。every①相當(dāng)于形容詞，只可作定語，不可單獨使用②后面不可接of短語③指三者或以上的人或事物中的“每一個”，側(cè)重全體Everyroomiscleanandtidy.所有房間都很干凈整潔?！咀⒁狻縠ach不能與almost,nearly或not等詞連用，要用every練①On__________sidesofthestreet,therearelotsoftallbuildings.在街道的兩邊，有許多高樓大廈。②Almost________studentcanplaybasketballinthisschool.幾乎這個學(xué)校的每個學(xué)生都會打籃球。eachevery(4)other,others,theother,theothers和another的意義及用法。不定代詞意義及用法舉例other意為“其他的”，作定語，后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞HestudiesEnglishandothersubjects.他學(xué)習(xí)英語和其他的科目。others意為“其他”，相當(dāng)于“other+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，可作主語或賓語，后不可接名詞；常與some連用，構(gòu)成Some…,andothers…結(jié)構(gòu)Somestudentsaredancing，andothersaresinging.一些學(xué)生在跳舞，其他人在唱歌。theother意為“(兩者中的)另一個”或“其余的”，可作主語、賓語或定語，后可接也可不接名詞；常與one連用，構(gòu)成One…andtheother…結(jié)構(gòu)Ihavetwobrothers.Oneisalawyerandtheotherisadoctor.我有兩個哥哥。一個是律師，另一個是醫(yī)生。續(xù)表不定代詞意義及用法舉例theothers意為“其余的全部”,相當(dāng)于“theother+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，可作主語或賓語，后不可接名詞Fiveboysareplayingbadminton,andtheothersareplayingfootball.5個男孩正在打羽毛球，其余的都在踢足球。another意為“(三者或以上的)另一個（的）”，可作主語、賓語或定語，代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；若后面的名詞有數(shù)詞或few修飾時，則也可接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞Thishatistoosmall.Showmeanotherone，please.這頂帽子太小了，請給我看另一頂。Thehomeworkistoodifficult.Ineedanothertwohourstofinishit.作業(yè)太難了，我還需要兩個小時才能完成。練①OntheteamonlytwoplayersarefromCanada,_______________areallChinese.隊里只有兩名隊員來自加拿大，其他的都是中國人。②Thetwinsworkindifferentcities.OneisinBeijingand_______________isinTianjin.這對雙胞胎在不同的城市工作。一個在北京，另一個在天津。③Iamstillhungry.CanIhave__________egg?我還是很餓。我可以再吃一個雞蛋嗎?theotherstheotheranother④Somestudentslikecollectingstamps,and__________likecollectingpostcards.有些學(xué)生喜歡集郵，其他學(xué)生喜歡收集明信片。⑤Thereisoneortwo__________problemsI'dliketodiscuss.我還想談?wù)撘粌蓚€其他的問題。(5)many,much,alittle,little,afew,few用于表示數(shù)量。othersother意義及用法很多；許多有一些；有幾個(表肯定)沒多少；幾乎沒有(表否定)后接可數(shù)名詞manyafewfew后接不可數(shù)名詞muchalittlelittle練①Therewereonly__________peoplesittingatthebackofthehall.大廳后面只坐著幾個人。②Manypeopleexpressedconcern,but__________werewillingtohelp.許多人表達(dá)了關(guān)心，但是愿意幫忙的幾乎沒有。③Idon'thave__________moneywithme.我身上沒帶很多錢。④ShehaslivedinSpainfor__________years.她在西班牙已經(jīng)住了許多年。afewfewmuchmany⑤Ipaid__________attentiontowhatothersweresaying.我不大注意別人在說什么。⑥Susanspeaks__________French.蘇珊會說一點法語。(6)復(fù)合不定代詞由some,any,every,no加one,body,thing構(gòu)成。①復(fù)合不定代詞可作主語、賓語或表語。復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。有形容詞修飾時，形容詞放在復(fù)合不定代詞后面。littlealittle例Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.我有些重要的話要說。練Listen!Someone____ringingthedoorbell.聽！有人在按門鈴。②some-一類復(fù)合不定代詞一般用于肯定句；也可用于疑問句，表示請求、建議或反問。例Willsomeonepleaseexplainwhat'sgoingon?誰能說說是怎么回事？③any-一類復(fù)合不定代詞一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中；也可用于肯定句，強調(diào)“任何人/事/物”。例Youcanbuyanythingyoulike.你想要什么都可以買。is()1.—ChinesechessplayerDingLirenhasdone______hecaninchessandhasputallthathehasintothegames.—Yes,andhehasbecomechessworldchampion(冠軍)recently.（2023山東濱州改編）A.everything B.nothing C.somethingA()2.—Jack,whenarewegoingtobuyabirthdaygiftforourgrandma,todayortomorrow?—_______areOK.Iamavailable.（2023新疆改編）A.Either B.Both C.All()3.Ontheapp,youcanchatwith______inEnglishtoimproveyourspokenEnglish.A.others B.another C.theotherBA()4.—Whydon'tyoufindsomeworkerstorepairthemachines?—Well,_______ofthemwanttodosuchalow-paidjob.A.afew B.few C.alittleBneithernothingallanyanotheranybodyother5.___________isimpossibleifyouhaveacreativemind.（2023浙江臺州改編）6.Scoratesoncesaid,“Icannotteach__________anything.Icanonlymakethemthink.”（2023浙江麗水改編）Nothinganybody7.—TherearemanycelebrationsinthecomingDragonBoatFestival.—Soundsveryinteresting.Idon'twanttomiss________.（2023湖北武漢改編）8.Thispinkdressistoolongforme,pleasegiveme__________one.9.________ofuswantstobeasinger.Wedreamofbeingwriters.anyanotherNeither考點6疑問代詞【概念】疑問代詞指who，which，whom，whose，what等用于引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的代詞。疑問代詞的主要用法如下表：疑問代詞主要用法舉例who用于詢問某人的身份、姓名，作主語、表語或賓語，作賓語時不能放在介詞之后 Whoisthatwoman?那個女人是誰？whom who的賓格形式，作賓語 Whomdidtheyinvite？他們邀請了誰？whose who的所有格形式，常作表語、定語 Whoseumbrellaisit？這是誰的傘？what what可用于詢問事物或某人的職業(yè)、姓名等 What'syourname？你叫什么名字？what指不定數(shù)目中的“哪一個；哪一些；什么”，沒有一定范圍的限定 Whatcolorisyourcar？你的車是什么顏色的？which which意為“哪一個”，指在一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物 Whichcolordoyoulike，redorblack？你喜歡哪種顏色，紅色還是黑色？()1.—Jack，______areyoureading？—TheThreeBodyProblem(《三體》)bythefamouswriter，LiuCixin.A.who B.which C.whatC()2.—______isyourfavoritecharacterinthemovieChangAn(《長安三萬里》)？—LiBai，whoisaveryfamouspoetinTangDynasty.A.Whom B.Whose C.Who()3.—______doyoulikebestamongallthesubjectsyoulearn？—Chinese,ofcourse.A.Who B.Which C.WhyCB()4.—ThereisnonameonthebookLittleWomen.______isit？—ItmustbeJenny's.Shelikesreading.A.Whose B.What C.WhichAwhowhosewhatwhichhowwhywhom5.________isbetterexercise，swimmingortennis?6.—Tellme,Grandma.________isyourfavoritepersonintheworld?—That'seasy!It'syou!7．—Millie,________areyoureading?—CamelXiangzi,bythefamousChinesewriter,LaoShe.WhichWhowhat8.To________didyougivethebook?9.Thereisasportswatchontheplayground.________isit??編者按更多代詞辨析及短語歸納可見于《中考高頻詞匯突破》，并建議結(jié)合《早讀本》進(jìn)行記憶。?whomWhose語篇考點專練一、語法選擇主題：積極面對生活難度：★★建議用時：6mins Mycousinhasagoodfriend.HernameisLiuLi.Shelost__1__armsinacaraccidentwhenshewasachild.Whatwasworse,shelostherparents__2__theageoftwenty.Hereldersister__3__wastenyearsolderthanherwantedtotakecareofher.()1.A.her B.hers C.she()2.A.in B.on C.at()3.A.what B.who C.whichACBHowever,LiuLirefusedtolivewithhereldersister,sayingthatshewouldliketolookafter__4__.Shemanagedtoentercollegeandstudiedveryhard.Fouryearslater,shegraduatedandfound__5__job.Onceshewroteinherdiary,“Facinghardlives,Iamveryactive.Ilostmyarms,__6__Istillhavemylegs.Give__7__somemoresunshine,myworldwillbeevenwarmer.”()4.A.she B.her C.herself()5.A.an B.a C.the()6.A.and B.or C.but()7.A.me B.I C.myCBCA LiuLi__8__tofacehermisfortune(不幸)inahopefulway.Insteadoffeelingsadeveryday,shedecidednottoletitholdherback.Whileshewasovercomingdiff