2024年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)主題詞匯 人與環(huán)境

話題十三人與環(huán)境

第一部分話題詞匯積累

單詞&短語(yǔ)

1.temporaryadj______________

2.tendencyn._____________

3.tenderadj.____________

4.tensionn.____________

5.terrorn---------------------

6.territoryn.____________

7.terminaln.adj.-------------------

8.theoreticaladj.____________

9.thoroughadj.____________

lO.thrillern.____________

11.thundern._____________

12.tightlyadv.____________

13.tissuen--------------------

14.soiln.____________

15.consumptionn.____________-

16.atmospheren.____________

17.agriculturen.____________

18.toweln.____________

19.tapn_____________

2O.teasev.____________

21.thermosn._____________

22.toleratev.____________

23.undertakev.____________

24_adj.有天資的；有才能的；多才的；有本領(lǐng)的

25.adj.美味的；高雅的；有趣的；可口的

26n.體溫；溫度；氣溫；發(fā)燒

27v.趨向，傾向于……；照料，照顧

28.adv.非常;可怕地；極度地

29adj.艱苦的；頑強(qiáng)的；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，不屈不撓的；堅(jiān)韌的，牢固的；強(qiáng)壯的，結(jié)實(shí)的

30.n.主題；題目；主旋律

31.adv.因此；所以

32.adj.渴的，口干的；渴望的，熱望的

33.n.威脅；恐嚇

34.n.喉嚨；嗓子，嗓音；窄路

35.prep.遍及；自始至終adv.到處

36.--v.拋；扔；投；擲；舉行(派對(duì))

37.adj.整齊的；相當(dāng)大的v.整理；收拾；弄整齊

38.adj.令人厭倦的；煩人的，無聊的；令人討厭的

39.n.標(biāo)題；書名；冠軍；頭銜；權(quán)利；字幕v.加標(biāo)題；賦予頭銜；把……稱為

40.n.技術(shù)；工藝；術(shù)語(yǔ)

41.atonetime____________________

42.forthetimebeing____________________

43.立即；馬上(time)____________________

44.隨時(shí)；總是(time)____________________

45.atnotime____________________

46.把.拴至I]....................................................

47.投身于；積極從事____________________

48.把.看作....(think)

49.—對(duì).高度評(píng)價(jià)(think)

50.首先......再者......____________________

51.從那時(shí)起____________________

52.感謝某人所做的事____________________

53.與……關(guān)系很好____________________

54.從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)/眼前看____________________

55.tell.,apart/tell...from..____________________

56.把信撕成碎片____________________

57.說服某人做(不做)某事

58.母語(yǔ)____________________

59.betiredoftheurban/citylife

60.treatsb.todinner.____________________

61.____________________國(guó)際關(guān)系

62.外交事務(wù)

63.環(huán)保的

64.athomeandabroad____________________

65.withthearrivalofglobalizationofeconomy

66.developrenewableresources

67.dealwithrubbishproperly

68.improveone'slivingconditions

69.achievethehighestgrowth

7O.interculturalcommunication

詞匯拓展

l.tendv.往往會(huì)；常常就；趨向；走向；傾向；趨于；照料；照管

Ittogetverycoldhereinthewinter.這里冬天往往會(huì)很冷。

Priceshavedownwardsoverrecentyears.近年來物價(jià)趨于下降。

Foryearsheherinherpainfulillness.多年來她一直受到病痛的折磨，都是他在照料。

【辨析】

tend,attend區(qū)別

tend指照看人、動(dòng)物或事物(用于此義時(shí)有過時(shí)之嫌)，通常后接介詞too

attend尤指照顧病人、處理傷口等，強(qiáng)調(diào)具有專業(yè)技能和責(zé)任心，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

Theshepherdistendingtohissheep.牧羊人在看管他的羊群。

Theirwoundshadbeenattendedbeforethemenwerebroughthere.

傷員在送來這里之前，傷口已得到了處理。

2.toughadj.艱苦的；艱難的；棘手的；嚴(yán)厲的；強(qiáng)硬的；無情的；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的；健壯的；能吃苦耐勞的；堅(jiān)韌不拔的

Don'tbetooonhim-hewasonlytryingtohelp.

別對(duì)他要求過嚴(yán)，他只是想幫忙。

Ithinkmomsshowlovebecausetheyexpectalotoutofus!

我認(rèn)為媽媽們都望子成龍，所以才展現(xiàn)出嚴(yán)厲的愛。

Heseemstobetheofallthechildren.

他似乎是所有孩子中最結(jié)實(shí)的。

Thismeatis.這肉吃不動(dòng)。

It'sfindingajobthesedays.近來很難找到工作。

活學(xué)活用

一、閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個(gè)單詞或用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1Johnmentionedseveraljudges'names,hedidn*tthinkhighlyof.

2.Hepickedupthesheetsofpaper,andballedthem(tight)inhisfists.

3.Youshouldtakeouttravelinsurancecoveringyouandyourfamilytheft.

4.Nuoisanancientcultureformwhich(title)asnfossilofChinesedrama".

5.Thankyoufor(write)andallowingmetoclarifythepresentposition.

二、翻譯句子

1.Anothertemporarydiscountmaynotbewhatyouwant,butatleastitisabirdinthehand.

2.我好久沒有看她，一來路太遠(yuǎn)，二來沒工夫。(foronething...;foranother...)

3.任我們?cè)鯓觿裾f，他也不聽。(persuade)

4.我喜歡城市，但厭倦那里的噪音和空氣污染。(gettiredof)

參考答案

單詞&短語(yǔ)

1.暫時(shí)的；臨時(shí)的2.趨勢(shì)；傾向3.和善的；軟的4.拉伸；緊張程度5.驚恐；恐懼6.領(lǐng)土；版圖7.n.航站樓adj.最

終的8.理論上的9.完全的；徹底的10.驚險(xiǎn)(恐怖)小說/電影11m.雷聲v.打雷12.緊緊地13.組織；面巾紙14.土壤

15.消費(fèi)；消費(fèi)量16.空氣；大氣層；氛圍17.農(nóng)業(yè)18.毛巾19.n.塞子；龍頭v.輕拍20.取笑；戲弄21.熱水瓶22.

容忍；忍受23.承擔(dān)24.talented25.tasty26.temperature27.tend28.terribly29.tough30.theme31.therefore32.thirsty

33.threat34.throat35.throughout36.throw一threw一thrown37.tidy38.tiresome39.title40.technology41.曾經(jīng)；一度42.暫

時(shí)；眼下43.innotime44.atalltimes45.在任何時(shí)候都不46.tie...to47.throwone-selfinto48.thinkof...as...49.think

highlyof50.foronething...;foranother(thing)...51.fromthenon52.thanksb.fordoingsth.53.beongoodtermswith54.in

thelong/shortterm(run)55.把...區(qū)分開56.teartheletterinto/topieces57.persuade/talksb.in-tosth.;persuade/talksb.

outof(doing)sth.58.mother/nativetongue/language59.厭倦了城市生活60.請(qǐng)某人吃飯61.internationalrelations

62.diplomaticaffairs63.environment-friendly64.國(guó)內(nèi)外65.經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的到來66.發(fā)展可再生能源67.正確處理垃圾

68.改善某人的生活條件69.實(shí)現(xiàn)最大化發(fā)展70.跨文化交流

詞匯拓展

1.tends;tended;tended

2.tough;tough;toughest;tough;tough

活學(xué)活用

一、l.whom/who2.tightly3.against4.istitled5.writing

二、1.再一次臨時(shí)打折可能達(dá)不到你所希望的，但至少這是已經(jīng)到手的東西。

2.1haven'tbeentoseeherforalongtimenow.Foronething,shelivestoofaraway;foranother,Pvebeenratherbusy.

3.Nomatterhowhardwetriedtopersuadehim,hewouldn'tlisten.

4.1lovecities,butgettiredofthenoiseandairpollutionthere.

第二部分話題閱讀訓(xùn)練

(A)語(yǔ)法填空

TheUnitedStatessetuptheworld'sfirstnationalparksystemin1916.Sincethen,it(1)(serve)asamodelforother

countriesthattrytoprotecttheenvironmentbetterandletpeopleenjoynature.

Anationalparkisareserve(保護(hù)區(qū))ofland⑵(own)bythegovernmentandprotectedfromhumandevelopment

andpollution.NowChinaisplanningitsownnationalparksystem.OnDec5,Chinapassedtwoplansfornational

parks⑶(protect)thegiantpanda,SiberiantigerandAmurleopard.

Butnationalparksarenotonlyforanimals.Inmid-2015,Chinastartedtobuildnationalparksinnine

provinces.⑷mostfamousoneistheSanjiangyuannationalparkontheQinghai-TibetPlateau.ItaimstoprotectChina*s

watersource.Sanjiangyuan,or"SourceofThreeRivers",is⑸theYellow,Yangtze,andLancangriversstart.

Beforethisnationalparkproject,Chinahadsetasidethousandsofnatureparks,forestsandscenicareasasprotected

areas.⑹，theyhaven'tbeenmanagedwellbecausetoomanydifferentorganizationshavebeeninvolved⑺the

protectionofdifferentareas.Underthenewplan,nationalparkswillcoverbigareasandincludedifferentprotectedareas.

Forexample,thehabitatsofwildpandaslieindifferentprovincesand⑻(divide)intoevensmallerpiecesby

railways,roadsandpowerlines.Thismakesisolatedpandagroupsmoreopento⑼(dangerous).Thepandanational

parkwillcoverallthehabitatsandmaketheprotectionofanimalsascomprehensiveaspossible.

Butthisincreasedprotectiondoesn*tmeannationalparkswillshuttheirdoorstohumans.Instead,thenewsystemwill

offerpeopleachanceto(10)(deep)feelnature.

【小題1】hasbeenserving/hasserved【小題2】owned【小題3】toprotect【小題4】The

【小題5】where【小題6】However【小題7】in【小題8】aredivided【小題9】danger

【小題10]deeply

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、其他副詞、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語(yǔ)、必備短語(yǔ)、必備詞匯、不

可數(shù)名詞、不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞的-ed形式表示被動(dòng)意義、不定式的一般式、副詞修飾整個(gè)句子、代詞作主語(yǔ)

時(shí)的主謂一致、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致、人與環(huán)境、說明文、連接副詞where引

導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句、定冠詞、in的用法

【解析】1.依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sincethen可知，本句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)從過去到現(xiàn)在；本句也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，故填hasbeenserving/hasservedo

2.本句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is,所以設(shè)空處用非謂語(yǔ)形式；而land和。wn是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示被動(dòng)。

故填ownedo

3.句意：在12月5日，為了保護(hù)大熊貓、東北虎和東北豹，中國(guó)通過了兩項(xiàng)國(guó)家公園的計(jì)劃預(yù)案。此處用動(dòng)詞不

定式做目的狀語(yǔ)。故填toprotecto

4.句意：其中最著名的是青海西藏高原的三江源國(guó)家公園。最高級(jí)mostfamous前面用定冠詞the。故填The。

5.where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，where在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，意思是“那里，..的地方故填where。

6.句意：然而，它們沒有得到很好的管理。此處是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且有逗號(hào)。故填However。

7.句意：因?yàn)樘嗟牟煌M織參與了不同領(lǐng)域的保護(hù)。beinvolvedin是固定搭配，意思是卷入,參與。故填in。

8.句意：野生熊貓的棲息地位于不同的省份，并通過鐵路、公路和電力線分成更小的部分。此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示

現(xiàn)在的狀況；本句描述客觀事實(shí)，且habitats和divide是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填aredividedo

9.句意:這使得隔離開的熊貓群更加危險(xiǎn)。此處需要名詞做to的賓語(yǔ)，danger危險(xiǎn)。故填danger。

10.此處需要副詞做狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞feel,deeply深刻地。故填deeply。

（B）七選五

Gardeningcanbeafunandrewardingactivityforpeopleofallages,butitcanbeespeciallybeneficialforchildren.

Gardeningenhanceschildren'ssensesandmotorskills.Inadditiontobeingabletotouchthesoil,usevarioustoolsand

seeds,childrencanalsospotthedifferencesbetweendifferentplants,andhearsoundsofdifferentinsects.1

Gardeningactivitieslikedigging,planting,watering,andweedingcanstimulatemovementsofthebody,particularlyarms

andhands,andhelpchildrenlearnaboutthenaturalworld.

2.Children'scuriosityaboutplantsstartswiththefirstseedtheysow.Theylearnaboutnaturalprocessby

observingthegrowthandfruitripen.Theyalsocometoappreciatethevitalroleofinsectsandwormsforplantsand

recognizethateverythinginnatureisconnected.

Plantcarefosters（培養(yǎng)）patienceandresponsibility.3andchildrenlearnwhatitmeanstoberesponsiblefor

somethingtohelpensureitshealth.Gardeningalsoteacheschildrenaboutcaringfortheenvironment,fosteringaloveand

respectfornature.

Gardeningpromotesnutritionandhealthychoicesforkids.Plantingandcultivating（培育）plants,pickingvegetables

andfruit,andinvolvingkidsincookingwithwhattheygrewwillcertainlyresultinawishtotryandconsumethefoodthey

prepared.Theywillgladlytryvegetablesandfruittheyplantedandcultivatedthemselves.4

Gardeninggivesyourfamilybondingtime.Bondingwithyourfamilyissoimportant,butitcanbehardtorealizewith

thedigitalage.5.whichcontributestoparent-childrelationship.

A.Plantsneedregularandconsistentcare

B.Gardeninggivesyouachancetodialthisback

C.Childrengetaheadstartonlearningaboutscience

D.Gardeninginvolvesscientificobservationsandcreativity

E.Itprovidesgood,healthyoutdooractivityforthewholefamily

F.Thishelpschildrentonurtureself-confidenceandhealthydiethabits

G.Interactingwiththesurroundingnatureencouragesthelearningprocess

LG2,C3,A4.F5?E

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了園藝給孩子們帶來的好處。

16.下文“Gardeningactivitieslikedigging,planting,watering,andweedingcanstimulatemovementsofthebody,

particularlyarmsandhands,andhelpchildrenlearnaboutthenaturalworld.（像挖掘、種植、澆水和除草這樣的園藝活動(dòng)

可以刺激身體的運(yùn)動(dòng)，特別是手臂和手，幫助孩子們了解自然世界）''列舉了園藝活動(dòng)中與周圍的自然環(huán)境的互動(dòng)，

并說明了它們有助于孩子們?nèi)チ私庾匀?，是?duì)G項(xiàng)“Interactingwiththesurroundingnatureencouragesthelearning

process（與周圍的自然互動(dòng)可以促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)過程）”的具體說明，句上“digging,planting,watering,andweeding”照應(yīng)G項(xiàng)

中“Interactingwiththesurroundingnature”,上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選G項(xiàng)。

17.設(shè)空句是段首主題句，根據(jù)下文“Children'scuriosityaboutplantsstartswiththefirstseedtheysow.Theylearnabout

naturalprocessbyobservingthegrowthandfruitripen.Theyalsocometoappreciatethevitalroleofinsectsandwormsfor

plantsandrecognizethateverythinginnatureisconnected.（孩子們對(duì)植物的好奇始于他們播下的第一顆種子。他們通過

觀察水果的生長(zhǎng)和成熟來了解自然過程。他們也開始認(rèn)識(shí)到昆蟲和蠕蟲對(duì)植物的重要作用，并認(rèn)識(shí)到自然界的一切

都是相互聯(lián)系的）”可知，本段主要講園藝可以激發(fā)孩子們對(duì)自然科學(xué)的興趣，讓他們?cè)诳茖W(xué)學(xué)習(xí)上有一個(gè)好的開端，

故C項(xiàng)“Childrengetaheadstartonlearningaboutscience（孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)方面有一個(gè)良好的開端）”是本段內(nèi)容的

概括，適合作主題句。故選C項(xiàng)。

18.根據(jù)段首主題句“Plantcarefosters（培養(yǎng)）patienceandresponsibility.（照顧植物培養(yǎng)耐心和責(zé)任感）”可知，本段講

照顧植物培養(yǎng)耐心和責(zé)任感，A項(xiàng)“Plantsneedregularandconsistentcare（植物需要定期和持續(xù)的照料）”承接主題句,

和下文“andchildrenlearnwhatitmeanstoberesponsibleforsomethingtohelpensureitshealth.（孩子們學(xué)習(xí)什么是對(duì)某

事負(fù)責(zé)，以幫助確保它的健康）”一起說明照顧植物如何培養(yǎng)耐心和責(zé)任感，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選A項(xiàng)。

19.上文“Theywillgladlytryvegetablesandfruittheyplantedandcultivatedthemselves.（他們會(huì)很樂意嘗試自己種植的

蔬菜和水果）”提出孩子們會(huì)嘗試自己種植的蔬菜和水果，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Thishelpschildrentonurtureself-confidenceandhealthy

diethabits（這有助于培養(yǎng)孩子的自信和健康的飲食習(xí)慣）”承接上文，說明這樣做的結(jié)果，句中“healthydiethabits”照

應(yīng)上文“vegetablesandfruittheyplantedandcultivatedthemselves^^,上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選F項(xiàng)。

20.根據(jù)下文定語(yǔ)從句“whichcontributestoparent-childrelationship.）；這有助于親子關(guān)系）”可知，設(shè)空處會(huì)提到有助于

親子關(guān)系的事情，E項(xiàng)"Itprovidesgood,healthyoutdooractivityfbrthewholefhmily（它為整個(gè)家庭提供了良好、健康

的戶外活動(dòng)）"中"good,healthyoutdooractivityforthewholefamily”有助于培養(yǎng)親子關(guān)系，同時(shí)照應(yīng)主題句中“bonding

time"，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選E項(xiàng)。

（C）閱讀理解

OurPlanetEarthisfulloflifeandhasincrediblebiodiversity.BiologicalDiversityorBiodiversityisthebaseofhuman

existenceandfundamentaltoitswell-being.SpeciesarethebuildingblocksofthislifeonEarth,anditisbelievedthatthe

speciesthatareatpresentgloballyfoundhavecontinuouslyevolvedover65millionyearssincetheLastMassExtinction.

However,thenatureandextentofourplanefsbiodiversityatalllevelshavenotbeencompletelyevaluatedyet.Thus,the

exactnumberofspeciesfoundintheworldremainsunknown.Overtheyears,withtheadvancementofscientific

knowledgeandthediscoveryofmorenewspecies,ithasbeenapproximatedthatthereare,atpresent,10millionto14

millionspeciesonEarth,ofwhich1.2millionspecieshavebeendata-based.Thismeansthatstillmorethan86%ofthe

terrestrial（陸生的）and91%ofthemarinespeciesremainunknown.

Everyyear,taxonomists（分類學(xué)家）describethousandsofspecies,someofwhicharecompletelynewtoscience,while

insomecases,thespeciesandsubspeciesarecloselyexaminedanddeterminedwhethertheycanbeconsidereddistinct

species.

Astudyhasrevealedthatover99.9%ofallspeciesamountingtomorethan5billionspeciesthateverlivedhere,are

believedtobeextinct.Atpresent,ourplanethousesmillionsofspecies,amongwhich86%liveonland,13%inthedeep

subsurface,andamere1%intheoceans.However,BiodiversityisnotevenlydistributedonEarth,anditsnumbervaries

greatlyondifferentcontinents.

Theundiscoveredandmisidentifiedspeciesslowourabilitytounderstandpatternsandchangesinglobalbiodiversity

andtherateofspeciesextinctions（滅絕）.Evenafterseveralyearsoftaxonomicstudies,only14%ofterrestrialspeciesand

9%ofmarinespecieshavebeenofficiallyaddedtothecentraldatabase.Necessarily,somespecieswillbecomeextinct

beforeresearchersrealizetheyeverexisted.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"marine“meaninParagraph1?

A.Rare.B.Oceanic.C.Endangered.