人教版（2019） 必修第三冊 Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures課件

DiscoveringUsefulStructures

Book3Unit4

Usageoftheinfinitive(不定式)Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarealtedcolledgedegree.Scientistsweredeterminedtorealisethedreamtoexplorespace.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.THEinfinitive目錄/contents0102030504不定式的定義不定式的功能不定式的進(jìn)行式，完成式，被動式高考中對不定式的考查課堂總結(jié)THEinfinitive不定式不定式，又稱為動詞不定式，是指動詞中的一種不帶詞形變化，也不指示人稱、數(shù)量、時態(tài)的一種形式。不定式屬于非謂語動詞形式。一.定義THEinfinitive不定式

動詞不定式在句中可以作句子除謂語之外的任何句子成分。動詞不定式及其短語還可以有自己的賓語、狀語。不定式可充當(dāng)

主語表語賓語定語狀語賓補(bǔ)

二.功能THEinfinitive1.不定式作主語Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.Itisnothardforonetodoabitofgood.It’sunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.Toseeonetimeisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.Toperseveremeansvictory!在很多情況下，特別是在口語中，常采用先行it代替主語，而把不定式后置。THEinfinitiveTobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.

2.不定式作表語注：在某些句型中，當(dāng)主語部分有動作動詞do時，作表語的不定式可以省略符號“to”，如：Allwehavetodoispushthebutton.TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.前有do，后無toTHEinfinitive3.不定式作賓語（1）．“動詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。例如：這類動詞常見的有：afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,mean,intend,begin,等，（2）．“動詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。I’vearrangedtomeethimatteno’clock.Ididn’texpect

tofindyouhere.Idon’tknowwhattodo/wheretogo/who(m)toask.Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertosellitornot.THEinfinitiveIfinditdifficulttounderstandhim.Wethoughtitwrongnottohelpher.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)一般不可作介詞賓語,只有在個別場合,即在含有否定意義的帶有介詞except或but(=except)的結(jié)構(gòu)中才能這樣用，例如：注：如果不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的補(bǔ)語，則常用it作形式賓語，把不定式后置，例如：Heseldomcomesexcepttolookatmypictures.Thechilddidnothingexceptweep.Shecandoanythingbutsing.前有do，后無toTHEinfinitive4.不定式作定語It’stimetogotobed.Haveyouanythingtodeclare?Hehasalargefamilytosupport.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowwillbeputoffduetotherain.如果不定式是不及物動詞，它后面應(yīng)加上必要的介詞，如：Shehasalotofthingstoattendto.Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.THEinfinitive5.不定式作狀語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等。Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.HecamehereinordertoseeCharlie.Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle?Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.Shewepttohearthenews.目的目的目的結(jié)果結(jié)果原因THEinfinitive6.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語Don’tforceyourselftowritewhenyouhavenothingtosay.Heurgedustoacceptthecompromise.Weshouldtrainthemtomakeuseofreferencebooks.注：see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,observe,feel,have，make，let這些詞后面常用省掉to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)，但若用在被動結(jié)構(gòu)里，to則不能省略。Heobservedsomeoneopenthedoor.Theyweremadetoworkfrommorningtillnight.Theaccusedmanwasobservedtoenterthebank.THEPROFESSIONALTEMPLATE三.不定式的進(jìn)行式，完成式，被動式THEinfinitive1.不定式的進(jìn)行式如果主要謂語所表示的動作（或情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行，這時，不定式就要用進(jìn)行式。Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.如果不定式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的時間之前一直在進(jìn)行，就需要用完成進(jìn)行式。TheyaresaidtohavebeencollectingfolksongsinYunnan.It’sagreatpleasuretohavebeenworkingwithyou.THEinfinitive2.不定式的完成式如果不定式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，這個不定式就要用完成式。Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.=Itissaidthathehaswrittenanewbookaboutworkers.Theenemywasreportedtohavesurrendered.Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutitalready.Theythoughtitapitynottohaveinvitedher.THEinfinitive3.不定式的被動形式當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式。Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?THEPROFESSIONALTEMPLATE四.高考中對不定式的考查THEinfinitive1.(2019·全國Ⅰ,64)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.

這里是“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),故填toperform。toperform2.(2019·全國Ⅱ,65)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans________(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.

toretire名詞plan后接不定式作后置定語。THEinfinitive3.(2019·全國Ⅲ,62)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake

(get)there.

toget“ittakes+時間+todosth”,it是形式主語，真正主語是后面的不定式，故填toget。4.(2018·全國Ⅱ,64)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice____________(improve)waterquality.toimprove根據(jù)語境可知,“改善水質(zhì)”是“政府鼓勵農(nóng)民種玉米而不種水稻”的目的,故用動詞不定式作目的狀語。THEinfinitive5.(2018·全國Ⅲ,70)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme_______(stay)andwatch.allowsbtodosth是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“允許某人做某事”，不定式做賓補(bǔ)，故填tosay。tostay6.(2017·全國Ⅰ,63)Theyarerequired

___________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.

requiresbtodosth表示“要求某人做某事”,被動形式為sbberequiredtodosth,不定式做賓補(bǔ)，故填toprocess。toprocessTHEinfinitive7.(2017·全國Ⅲ,64)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants____________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.

wanttodosth意為“想要做某事”，不定式做賓語。toprove8.(2016·全國Ⅰ)Itwasagreathonour___________(invite)backstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.“It'sagreathonourtodosth”意為“做某事很榮幸”,再根據(jù)語境可知,此處指被邀請,故用動詞不定式的被動式。tobeinvitedTHEinfinitive9.(2016·全國Ⅱ,69)Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you'llbelesslikely

(bring)yourworkhome.此處考查固定搭配belikelytodosth,意為“很可能做某事”。tobring10.(2019·浙江,63)Butsomestudentsdidn'twant

(wear)theuniform.

towearwanttodosth意為“想要做某事”，不定式作賓語。THEinfinitive12.(2018·天津,12)Ididn'tmean

__________

(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelptryingit.

toeatmeantodosth“打算做某事”，不定式做賓語11.(2017·天津,10)Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain

(catch).

sbhavesthtodo意為“某人有某事要做”，不定式作定語。tocatchTHEinfinitive13.(2017·浙江,61)Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring_________

(cook)ameal.

14.(2016·北京,26)___________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.Tomaketocook15.(2017·北京,27)Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline__________(save)theirvaluabletime.