+Unit+1-Unit+5 拓展閱讀匯 總 導(dǎo)學(xué)案 高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊

選擇性必修四拓展閱讀選擇性必修四Unit1ScienceFiction時文領(lǐng)讀主題:人與社會--科學(xué)與技術(shù) 背景導(dǎo)入:人工智能是一門基于計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、生物學(xué)、心理學(xué)、神經(jīng)科 學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)和哲學(xué)等學(xué)科的技術(shù)科學(xué)。人工智能只是一種技術(shù),就像任何技術(shù)一樣,可以用來造福人類,也可能會給人類帶來危害。我們需要以負(fù)責(zé)和道德的方式使用人工智能,國際社會也需要應(yīng)對人工智能帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。體裁:說明文 詞數(shù):401 難度:中 能帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。 閱讀用時:8分鐘閱讀技巧:訓(xùn)練學(xué)生理解文章細(xì)節(jié)的能力。拓展閱讀原文Intheyearsahead,AIwillraisethreebigquestionsforbossesandgovernments.Oneistheeffectonjobs.AlthoughbossespubliclypraisethebroadbenefitsAIwillbringverymuch,theirmaininterestliesincuttingcosts.OneEuropeanbankaskedatechnologycompanytofindawayofreducingthestaffinitsoperationsdepartmentfrom50,000to500.AspecialreporthasshownthatAI-enhanced"toolscanhelpreducestaffindepartmentssuchascustomerserviceandhumanresourcesbyalargeamount.TheMcKinseyGlobalInstitutefindsthatby2030upto375millionpeople,or14%oftheglobalworkersincompaniesorcountries,couldhavetheirjobsautomatedaway.Bosseswillneedtodecidewhethertheyarepreparedtoofferandpayforretraining,andwhethertheywillgiveworkerstimeoffforit.Manycompaniessaytheyareallforworkersdevelopingnewskills,butnotatemployers'expense.ThesecondimportantquestionishowtoprotectprivacyasAIspreads.TheInternethasalreadymadeitpossibletotrackpeople'sdigitalbehaviourinextremelysmalldetail.AIwillprovideevenbettertoolsforbusinessestomonitorconsumersandworkers,bothonlineandinthephysicalworld.Consumersaresometimeshappytogoalongwiththisifitresultsinpersonalisedservices.ButAIprobablybringsprivacyviolationsthatareseenasshockingandmorallyunacceptable.Inthewronghands,usefultechnologycouldbeagainstfairandequaltreatment.ThepolicearoundtheworldwilluseAItospotcriminals,butmayalsolookonordinarycitizenssecretly,inordertodiscoverthingsorfindoutinformationaboutthem.Newruleswillbeneededtoensureagreementonwhatdegreeofmonitoringisacceptable.ThethirdquestionisabouttheeffectofAIoncompetitioninbusiness.TodaymanyfirmsarecompetingtoprovideAI-enhancedtoolsforcompanies.Butatechnologycompanythatachievesartificialintelligencecouldbeaheadofitscompetitors,putothersoutofbusinessandlessencompetition.Thisisunlikelytohappeninthenearfuture,butifitdid,itwouldbeofgreatconcern.詞匯拓展：①AI-enhancedadj.人工智能增強(qiáng)的 ②automatevt.使自動化③privacyn.隱私 ④personalisedadj.個性化的⑤violationn.侵犯;違背;妨礙真題訓(xùn)練[全國新高考ⅡI2021·D篇]AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow-techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.SalahSukkarieh,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,seesrobotsasnecessarygivenhowcattlemenareaging.Heisbuildingafour-wheeledrobotthatwillrunonsolarandelectricpower.Itwillusecamerasandsensorstomonitortheanimals.Acomputersystemwillanalyzethevideotodeterminewhetheracowissick.Radiotags(標(biāo)簽)ontheanimalswillmeasuretemperaturechanges.Thequalityofgrasslandwillbetrackedbymonitoringtheshape,colorandtexture(質(zhì)地)ofgrass.Thatway,cattlemenwillknowwhethertheyneedtomovetheircattletoanotherfieldfornutritionpurposes.Machineshavelargelytakenoverplanting,wateringandharvestingcropssuchascornandwheat,butthemonitoringofcattlehasgonethroughfewerchanges.ForTexas cattleman PeteBonds,it's increasinglydifficulttofindworkersinterestedinwatchingcattle.ButBondsdoesn'tbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustry-andfailedattemptstousetechnology-haveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithamanonahorse.Bonds,whoboughthisfirstcattlealmost50yearsago,stillhaseachofhiscowboysinspect300or400cattledailyandlookforsignsthatananimalisgettingsick.Othercattlemenseemorepromiseinrobots.MichaelKelsey,vicepresidentoftheOklahomaCattlemen'sAssociation,saidarobotcouldbeextremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft.Cattletendtobekeptinremoteplacesandtheirvaluehasrisen,makingthemappealingtargets.Whatisaproblemwiththecattle-raisingindustry?Soilpollution. B.Lackofworkers.C.Agingmachines. D.Lowprofitability.2.WhatwillSukkarieh'srobotbeabletodo?A.Monitorthequalityofgrass. B.Curethediseasedcattle.C.Movecattletoanotherfield. D.Predictweatherchanges.3.WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?A.Hewantstohelpthemearnaliving. B.Hethinksmencandothejobbetter.C.Heisinexperiencedinusingrobots.D.Heenjoysthetraditionalwayoflife.4.HowmayrobotshelpwithcattlewatchingaccordingtoMichaelKelsey?A.Increasethevalueofcattle. B.Bringdownthecostoflabor.C.Makethejobmoreappealing. D.Keepcattlefrombeingstolen.選擇性必修四Unit2IconicAttractions時文領(lǐng)讀主題:人與社會--歷史、社會與文化 背景導(dǎo)入:我們的地球上大約有190個國家和70億人口,因此必然有多種不同的文化存在。每一種文化都有自己的特色,我們應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對“文化沖突”,實(shí)現(xiàn)文化和諧呢?通讀全文,你會明白,不同的 文化之間沒有優(yōu)劣之分,只有特色之別。只有在交流互鑒中才能共同發(fā)展,才能推動人類社會不斷進(jìn)步。 體裁:說明文 詞數(shù):393 難度:中 閱讀用時:8分鐘閱讀技巧:訓(xùn)練學(xué)生分析長難句的能力,進(jìn)而準(zhǔn)確地理解關(guān)鍵信息和把握文章的中心內(nèi)容。閱讀原文Withapproximately190countriesand7billionpeopleonEarth,itisnothardtoimaginethatmanydiverseculturesexist.IntheUS,theculturallandscapehasbeenshapedbyNativeAmericansandbyAfrican,LatinAmerican,andAsiancountries.Thisisthereasonwhytheterm“thevastmeltingpot”fitsthiscountry,asdifferentcultureshavecontributedtodistinctcharacteristics.Likemanyothers,IcametothiscountrywhenIwasyoung.WhileweadaptedtomostculturalnormshereintheUS,someofushavekeptafewfromourorigins,andthishasbeenthebeautyofthiscountry--itletsyouassimilateeasilyinitsculture,whilekeepingyourdistinctidentity.Tome,culturaldiversitymeansmergingdifferentcultures:notonlyintroducinggoodaspectsofyourculturetoothers,butalsoacceptingthepositivesofanewculture.Cultureshapesouridentityandinfluencesourbehaviour,andculturaldiversitymakesusaccept,andeventosomeextent,integrateandassimilateintoothercultures.Culturaldiversityhasbecomeveryimportantintoday'sworld.Bylearningaboutpeopleofdifferentculturalbackgrounds,wecanbroadenourhorizons,havebetterinterpersonaldialoguesandcommunicatemoreonapersonallevel.Weneedtostartthinkingaboutthepositivesofdifferentcultures.Sometimesapersonmightnotknowverymuchaboutgeographyorhistorybutbyminglingandmixingwithpeoplefromothercultures,theyaregiventheopportunitytopossiblylearnaboutthegeography,religionsandcustomsofdifferentcountries.Beingopentolearningaboutdifferentculturescanalsoencouragepeopletohavediversefriendgroups.Forthosewhowanttolearnaboutotherculturesbutdonotknowwheretostart,agreatplacetostartispickingupabookandreadingabouttheculturesthatinterestthem,ordoingresearchonlinefromreputablesites.Thebestwaytolearn,though,isthroughface-to-faceinteractionwithapersonofthecultureyouwouldliketolearnmoreabout.Intoday'sworld,ifweareallabletorespectandknowaboutothercultures,andrespectvaluesandbeliefsofothers,lifewouldbeeasierformostofus,andwecanlearnalotofgoodthingsfromeachother.IknowthatIhavelearntalotinthisprocess,andIcontinuetolearneachandeveryday.詞匯拓展：①landscapen.景色;景觀 ②normn.規(guī)范;標(biāo)準(zhǔn)③assimilatevt.&vi.(使)融入;(使)同化 ④mergevt.&vi.融合⑤integratevt.&vi.(使)融入;(使)合并真題訓(xùn)練[全國甲2022·C篇]AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,"shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI'dfindthereandIwasn'tnervous.Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe'dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,"Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2? A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.2.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins. B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare. D.Afriend'sinvitation.3.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher. B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved. D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream. B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld. D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.選擇性必修四Unit3SeaExploration時文領(lǐng)讀主題:人與自然--人與動植物體裁:說明文詞數(shù):293難度:中閱讀用時:8分鐘背景導(dǎo)入:無法抗拒之“暖”--與海洋酸化相比,日益上升的氣溫是對珊瑚更為直接的威脅。珊瑚,尤其是熱帶珊瑚,適應(yīng)氣候的能力較弱,極易受到海水表面高溫的傷害。當(dāng)海水溫度升高時,與珊瑚共生的藻類就會大量離開,成片的彩色珊瑚因此會變慘白,而后很快死去,這種現(xiàn)象被稱為珊瑚白化或“白色瘟疫”。閱讀技巧:訓(xùn)練學(xué)生根據(jù)語境進(jìn)行合理推斷、猜測詞義的能力。原文CoralReefs:theFirstIndicatorofClimateChangeHereinthenorthernRedSeaintheBayofAqaba,Israeliscientistshavediscoveredsomethingextraordinary.Despitehigherwatertemperatures,thesecoralsarehealthyandeventhriving.Wefoundthatcoralsarenotbleaching.We'veneverwitnessedanybleachingeventwhichissocommonelsewhere.Tofindoutwhy,smallcoralsweresubjectedtobleachingconditionsinthelaboratory.Theirruddycolourisasignofgoodhealth.Bleachingconditionsareusuallyconsideredas1to2degreesabovethesummermaximumandtherewasnobleaching.Weelevatedthetemperaturefurthermoreandonlyat5and6degreesabovesomemaximum,theyshowedsignsofstressandbleaching.Buthowcanthecoralsherewithstandsuchhightemperatureswhenmasscoralbleachingisoccurringelsewhere?Theanswermaybefound18,000yearsagowhentheRedSeawasmuchhotter.Inordertosurviveconditions,extremelyhotconditionsinthesouthernRedSea,theyhadtobeorundergoselectiontowardsthermallyresilient(耐熱的)corals.Thosethatsufferfromthehot,theveryhotconditionsdowntheredidn'tsurvive,andsocoralsthatweseeherenowadaysaretheonesthataredescendantsoftheonesthatsurvived.ThestudyalsoindicatesthatfuturegenerationsofcoralintheBayofAqabawillalsobeimmunetobleaching.Andwhilewe'reawarethattemperaturesarerisingintheGulfofAqaba,perhapsatafasterratethantheglobalaverage,stillwehaveaboutahundredyearsbeforethesecoralswillexperiencebleachingconditionsorcrossthebleachingthreshold?.Coralreefsareoftenthefirstindicatorofclimatechange.Theirlosswouldraisetheriskofextinctionofthousandsoffishspeciesandothermarinelife.詞匯：①bleachvt.(使)變白;漂白;曬白;褪色 ②besubjectedto經(jīng)受,承受,遭受,經(jīng)歷③ruddyadj.紅的;紅潤的 ④withstandvt.承受;經(jīng)受?、輇eimmuneto對……有免疫力;不受……的影響⑥thresholdn.閾值;臨界值真題訓(xùn)練[全國新高考I2021·C篇]WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(棲息地).In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(遷徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem-afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?Lossofwetlands. B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers. D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire. B.Export. C.Destroy. D.Distribute. 3.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting選擇性必修四Unit4Sharing時文領(lǐng)讀：主題:人與社會--一公益事業(yè)與志愿服務(wù)體裁:記敘文 詞數(shù):380難度:中 閱讀用時:8分鐘背景導(dǎo)入:幾乎所有的美國公立和私立高中都會要求學(xué)生在畢業(yè)前必須參加一定時長的社區(qū)服務(wù)工作。服務(wù)的形式各種各樣,多為公益性活動。例如,去海邊或者山里撿垃圾、種樹、給流浪漢發(fā)放食物等。社區(qū)服務(wù)是大學(xué)申請時考查學(xué)生的一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。大多數(shù)美國大學(xué)會為積極參與社區(qū)服務(wù)的學(xué)生提供獎學(xué)金。閱讀技巧:訓(xùn)練學(xué)生推理判斷的能力。CommunitySpiritCommunityserviceisakindofunpaidworkdonetohelpaparticulargroupofpeople.Hands-on°communityserviceisrequiredatmyschool.Notonlycanitbenefitothersbutitisalsoextremelyeducationalforstudents,asitgivesusacloselookatreal-worldproblemsandhelpsusthinkbeyondthecontextoftheclassroomandtesting.Homelessnessisamajorcrisisthroughouttheworldandit'sespeciallyprevalentinLosAngelesintheUnitedStates,whereIlive.InandaroundLosAngeles,approximately50,000peoplehavenochoicebuttoliveonthestreetsinhorribleconditions.Inordertohelp,Ivolunteeredfordifferentorganizations,makingandhandingoutfoodtohomelesspeople.Oneparticularvolunteerprogrammecaughtmyeye,andit'scalledShareaMeal.OneveryThursdaynight,wevolunteersforShareaMealmetatafoodtruck,wherewetookturnsmakingburritos(墨西哥卷).Aburritoisatypeoffoodthatishighincaloriesandprotein,makingitidealforhomelesspeople.Volunteersalsobroughtwaterandbananas.Aftermakingtheburritos,volunteersdrovetoneighbourhoodofhomelesspeople,wherewehandedouttheburritosandotherfood.Interactingwiththehomelesspeoplewasaveryvaluableexperience.Listeningtotheirlifestoriesmademesad,buttheirwarmthandhopeforthefutureweregreattosee.Ayoungladywithbraidedhair(麻花辮)borrowedthegroupleader'scellphoneandtalkedtoherparentscheerfully.Amuscularmanwithtattoos(刺青)warnedmenottoquithighschool.Anoldcouplelivingwithtwodogsinatentletmyfriendpetthedogs.Thecouplewashappyandappreciativetoseethattheirpresenceinthecommunitywasnotbeingignored.Thevastmajorityofthehomelessfaceprejudicethatmakesfindingajobandgettingbackontheirfeetagainmuchharderthanitisforpeoplewithhomes.RealisinghowluckyIam,Iwanttotrymybesttobeahelpfulpersonandbemoreactivelyinvolvedinmakingthecommunityabetterplace.詞匯拓展：①hands-onadj.親身實(shí)踐的;親自動手的 ②prevalentadj.普遍的;流行的③approximatelyadv.大約;近似地 ④pet vt.撫摸⑤prejudicen.偏見真題訓(xùn)練[北京2021·B篇]Irememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester(學(xué)期)projectofvolunteeringatanon-profitorganization.Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp,mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren(OIC).MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.Then,anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails,whichsomewhatinterestedme.Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids.WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite,IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair(絕望)andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation.Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible,andmakethemintokits-onekit,onechild.Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday,whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametogether.WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected,ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild.Overthepastfourmonths,IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwascompleted.Whilemakingthekits,IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit.IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon.Whenthekitswerecompleted,andreadytobesentoverseas,thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget.Inthebeginning,Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson.Nowthatourprojectisover,IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife,butten.Withourefforts,tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.1.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning?A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans.B.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas.C.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade.D.Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations.2.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject?A.ImagesofIraqichildren. B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates.C.Ateacher'sintroduction. D.Arepresentative'scomments.3.Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento.A.becomeOICvolunteers B.furthertheireducationC.studyinforeigncountries D.influenceotherchildren4.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.One'spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated.B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Hewhohesitatesislost.選擇性必修四Unit5LaunchingYourCareer時文領(lǐng)讀主題:人與自我--優(yōu)秀品行體裁:議論文詞數(shù):355難度:中閱讀用時:7分鐘背景導(dǎo)入:《史記·平原君虞卿列傳》里記載,戰(zhàn)國時期,趙國平原君的門客毛遂自我推薦跟隨平原君前往楚國游說楚王與趙國結(jié)盟,成語“毛遂自薦”便由此而來?！懊熳运]”后用于借指自己推薦自己。本篇閱讀通過一個耳熟能詳?shù)闹袊适?探討了受職場歡迎的“quietconfidence(沉著的自信)”的品質(zhì)。閱讀技巧:訓(xùn)練學(xué)生通過尋找主題句歸納文章主旨的能力。ImportanceofQuietConfidenceModestyisaqualitythat'svaluedinmanycultures,andforgoodreasons:AdamGrant,aUSpsychologist,oncesaid,“Ifyouwerereallycompetent(能干的)，yourworkwouldspeakforitself."Thisiswhyit'squiteasurpriseforaphraselike“毛遂自薦”toexistinChineseculture,whichseesmodestyasoneofthemostpreciousvirtuesofall.DuringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475BC一221BC)，theQinarmycametothewallsofHandan,thecapitalofZhao.SeeingthatHandanwasindanger,LordPingyuanofZhaodecidedtoseekhelpfromthestateofChu.Hewantedtopick20talentedpeopletogowithhim.However,amonghisfollowers,hecouldonlyfind19whoweregoodenough.Then,amannamedMaoSuicametorecommendhimself.LordPingyuanlookedatMaoSuiwithdoubt.“Howlonghaveyoubeenherewithme?"heasked.“Threeyears,"MaoSuianswered."Ihaveheardthatapersonwithtalentislikeanawl(錐子)inaclothbag.Itssharppointwillsoonpiercethroughthebag.You'vebeenhereforalongtime,butIhaven'tseenanyofyourachievements.Maybeyoudon'thaveanytalent?”saidLordPingyuan.“WhatI'maskingyounowistoputmeintothatbag.Ifyoudothat,I,notonlythepoint,butthewholeawl,willpiercethroughit,"MaoSuisaidconfidently.LordPingyuanwasimpressed.HeallowedMaoSuitojoinhisteam,andMao soonprovedtobejustthehelpthatheneeded.Thephrase“MaoSuirecommendinghimself”isnowusedtodescribesomeonewhovolunteerstodoatask.Butthetrickythinghereisthatthereisafinelinebetweenbeingself-confidentandbeingarrogant(自大的).“Whileself-confidenceisimportantforsuccess,strongegos(自我意識)canharmcareerambitions,"JeffreyKudisch,aprofessorattheUniversityofMaryland，wroteonTheWashingtonPostwebsite.“Mostoftherecruiters(招聘人員)andorganisational?leadersarelookingforcandidateswhoare‘grounded⑥，ratherthanthosewholiketoboast(吹噓)abouttheirabilitiesandexperiences.”詞匯拓展：①virtuen.美德 ②seekvt.&vi.尋求;尋找③piercevt.&vi.刺破 ④trickyadj.微妙的;難對付的⑤organizationala