備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語(yǔ)模擬卷（北京專用）（解析版）

備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語(yǔ)模擬卷（北京專用）黃金卷01（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。（2023秋·北京海淀·高三統(tǒng)考期中）Onasunnyafternoon,AnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago’s69thStreetstation.The20-year-old,whoworkednightsinagrocerystore,wasonhiswaytoseehis1.Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!AsPerryandotherhorrifiedpassengerswatched,heshookuncontrollablyasthe2movedthroughhisbody.“Helphim!”someonecried.“Please,someone!”Perrycouldn’tjuststandthereand3.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.4allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim,usingahigh-kneetechniquefromhishighschoolfootballdays.Perrysoonreacheddownandgraspedthevictim’swrist.5,hefeltapowerfulelectricshockshootthroughhisbody.Perryjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe6.“Givehimchestcompressions!”yelledanoldladyontheplatform.Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman’sheartuntilthevictimregained7.Then,first-aidersarrived.Perrylettheprofessionals8.Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident,9anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife.Tomany,Perry’s10deedsdemonstratedthepowerofchoosingcompassionoverpersonalsafety.1．A．manager B．client C．grandfather D．a(chǎn)unt2．A．current B．oxygen C．wave D．blood3．A．imagine B．watch C．shout D．record4．A．Hoping B．Assuming C．Complaining D．Recalling5．A．Instantly B．Slightly C．Normally D．Surprisingly6．A．train B．crowds C．platform D．rails7．A．strength B．balance C．consciousness D．control8．A．lookahead B．takeover C．getaround D．keepaway9．A．providing B．engaging C．a(chǎn)ssisting D．crediting10．A．generous B．grateful C．courageous D．faithful【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．B5．A6．D7．C8．B9．D10．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了AnthonyPerry在火車站不顧個(gè)人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在鐵軌上的受害者的英勇故事。1．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：20歲的佩里在一家雜貨店上夜班，當(dāng)時(shí)佩里正準(zhǔn)備去看他的祖父。A.manager經(jīng)理；B.client客戶；C.grandfather祖父；D.aunt姑媽，伯母。根據(jù)后文“Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.(電擊后心臟還在加速跳動(dòng)，他爬上平臺(tái)，抓起東西，繼續(xù)向祖父的房間走去。)”可知，佩里正準(zhǔn)備去看他的祖父。故選C。2．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)佩里和其他驚恐的乘客看到時(shí)，電流流過(guò)他的身體，他無(wú)法控制地顫抖著。A.current氣流；電流；B.oxygen氧氣；C.wave海浪；大海；D.blood血。根據(jù)上句“Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!(在站臺(tái)上，不可思議的事情發(fā)生了:一個(gè)人從站臺(tái)邊緣掉到電軌上了!)”可知，掉到電軌上，電流會(huì)流過(guò)他的身體。故選A。3．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：佩里不只是站在那里看著。A.imagine想象；B.watch看；C.shout呼喊；D.record記錄。根據(jù)后句“Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.(他坐在月臺(tái)邊上，慢慢地坐下來(lái))”可知，他準(zhǔn)備營(yíng)救這個(gè)人，并不是站在那里看著。故選B。4．考動(dòng)查詞詞義辨析。句意：他以為他和那人之間的鐵軌都通電了，于是迅速向受害者撲去。A.Hoping希望；B.Assuming假設(shè)，認(rèn)為；C.Complaining抱怨；D.Recalling回憶。根據(jù)本句“hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim(他迅速向受害者撲去)”可知，他認(rèn)為自己和受害者之間的鐵軌都通電了，所以他迅速向受害者撲去。故選B。5．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他立刻感到一陣強(qiáng)烈的電擊穿過(guò)他的身體。A.Instantly立刻地；B.Slightly輕微地；C.Normally通常，平常；D.Surprisingly驚人地，出乎意料地。根據(jù)上句“4allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim(他以為他和那人之間的鐵軌都通電了，于是迅速向受害者撲去)”可知，他立刻感到一陣強(qiáng)烈的電流穿過(guò)他的身體。故選A。6．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但第三次，他抓住了那個(gè)人的手腕和前臂，并設(shè)法將他的身體從鐵軌上移開(kāi)。A.train火車；B.crowds人群；C.platform平臺(tái)；D.rails鐵路。根據(jù)上文“Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!(在站臺(tái)上，不可思議的事情發(fā)生了：一個(gè)人從站臺(tái)邊緣掉到電軌上了!)”可知，受害者掉到了鐵軌上，他將受害者的身體從鐵軌上移開(kāi)。故選D。7．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但他在那個(gè)人的心臟上按壓了一會(huì)兒，直到受害者恢復(fù)了意識(shí)。A.strength體力；B.balance平衡；C.consciousness意識(shí)；D.control控制，掌管。根據(jù)本句“heworkedontheman’sheart(他對(duì)受害者進(jìn)行胸部按壓)”可知，受害者失去了意識(shí)，所以進(jìn)行胸部按壓。故選C。8．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：佩里讓專業(yè)人士接手。A.lookahead向前看；B.takeover接管；C.getaround規(guī)避，逃避；D.keepaway遠(yuǎn)離，避開(kāi)。根據(jù)上句“Then,first-aidersarrived(隨后，急救人員趕到了)”可知，急救人員趕到后，佩里他們接手。故選B。9．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：晚間新聞報(bào)道了這一事件，并稱贊一位無(wú)名英雄挽救了受害者的生命。A.providing提供；B.engaging參加；C.assisting幫助；D.crediting贊揚(yáng)。根據(jù)本句“anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife(一位無(wú)名英雄挽救了受害者的生命)”可知，英勇救人的事跡是值得贊揚(yáng)的，故選D。10．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，佩里的勇敢事跡表明了選擇同情而非個(gè)人安全的力量。A.generous慷慨的；B.grateful感謝的，感激的；C.courageous勇敢的；D.faithful忠實(shí)的，忠誠(chéng)的。根據(jù)上文“Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe6.(但第三次，他抓住了那個(gè)人的手腕和前臂，并設(shè)法將他的身體從鐵軌上移開(kāi)。)”可知，佩里在火車站不顧個(gè)人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在鐵軌上的受害者。故選C。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）A（2023秋·北京·高三校聯(lián)考開(kāi)學(xué)考試）閱讀下面短文，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。SwedishstudentsgenerallywelcomeAItoolsineducation,but62%considerusingchatbotsinexamsascheating.However,theboundariesofcheatingwithAIremainuncertain.Thisresult11(show)inasurveyfromChalmersUniversityofTechnology.Thestudy,thefirstofitskind12(investigate)students’attitudestowardsAIineducationhasgatheredcrucialinformationandpresentedtheresultsinanoverviewreport.Theresearchershopethesurvey’sfindingswillempowerstudents13helpthemgetabetterunderstandingofAI’sroleinlearning.【答案】11．isshown12．toinvestigate13．a(chǎn)nd【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了人工智能在學(xué)習(xí)中發(fā)揮的作用。11．考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：查爾姆斯理工大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示了這一結(jié)果。根據(jù)句意可知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞show和主語(yǔ)thisresult之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)thisresult是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故填isshown。12．考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：這項(xiàng)研究首次調(diào)查了學(xué)生對(duì)教育中人工智能的態(tài)度，收集了重要信息，并在一份概述報(bào)告中展示了結(jié)果。分析句子可知，空處使用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)修飾thefirstofitskind。故填toinvestigate。13．考查連詞。句意：研究人員希望這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的結(jié)果能賦予學(xué)生權(quán)力，幫助他們更好地理解人工智能在學(xué)習(xí)中的作用。根據(jù)句意可知前后句子之間是并列關(guān)系，使用and連接。故填and。B（2023·北京·首都師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Nowadays,peoplearechoosingtoliveinaminimalistlifestyle.Minimalism,14(bear)outofearly20th-centurymodernism,wasatrend15over-decoratedandover-furnished.Oneofthemainreasonspeoplechoosetobecomeminimalistsisthattheywanttoachievemoremeaningintheirlife.Throughpracticingminimalism,peoplereducetheirpossessionstoonesthatmakethem16(true)happy.Besides,digitalminimalismisparticularlyappealingtomillennialswhohavegrowntiredofsocialmediaandbeingaddictedtotheirtechnology.【答案】14．born15．a(chǎn)gainst16．truly【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了極簡(jiǎn)主義的生活方式。14．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：極簡(jiǎn)主義誕生于20世紀(jì)早期的現(xiàn)代主義，是一種反對(duì)過(guò)度裝飾和過(guò)度布置的趨勢(shì)。分析句子可知，該句已有謂語(yǔ)was，空處要使用非謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)Minimalism和bear（誕生）之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此需使用其過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。故填born。15．考查介詞。句意：極簡(jiǎn)主義誕生于20世紀(jì)早期的現(xiàn)代主義，是一種反對(duì)過(guò)度裝飾和過(guò)度布置的趨勢(shì)。分析句子并根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，極簡(jiǎn)主義是選擇非常簡(jiǎn)單的生活方式，因此與過(guò)度裝飾和過(guò)度布置的理念大相徑庭，因此需使用表示相反意味的介詞against“反對(duì)；違背”。故填against。16．考查副詞。句意：通過(guò)實(shí)踐極簡(jiǎn)主義，人們減少了他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)，只留下那些讓他們真正快樂(lè)的東西。分析句子可知，空處需使用副詞truly（真正地）作狀語(yǔ)修飾happy。故填truly。C（2023秋·北京·高三校聯(lián)考開(kāi)學(xué)考試）閱讀下面短文，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Rachelhadalwaysbeenfascinatedwiththemysteriesofthesea.Shedreamedofexploringthe17(deep)ofitanddiscoveringunknowncreatures.Herobsessionintensifiedwhenshediscoveredanoldmapinhergrandfather’sattic(頂樓),whichshowedaplacemarked“hiddentreasure”.Ignoring18hermotherhadwarned,shestartedasmall-boatadventure.Afterhoursofsearchingwithnoluck,afriendlygiantoctopusappeared,guidinghertoasecretcave19shefoundtreasuresbeyondherwildestdreams.Fromthisexperience,Rachel20(know)thatthebravestseekersoftenfindthegreatesttreasures.【答案】17．depths/depth18．what19．where20．knew/hasknown【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了Rachel對(duì)海洋奧秘的探索。17．考查名詞。句意：她夢(mèng)想著探索海洋的深處最深的地方，發(fā)現(xiàn)未知的生物。冠詞修飾名詞，depth“深處”，根據(jù)句意，既可以用作可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)也可以用作可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填depths/depth。18．考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：她不顧母親的警告，開(kāi)始了一場(chǎng)小船冒險(xiǎn)。空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，指物，使用what引導(dǎo)。故填what。19．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：一只友好的巨型章魚(yú)出現(xiàn)了，引導(dǎo)她到一個(gè)秘密的洞穴，在那里她發(fā)現(xiàn)了她最瘋狂的夢(mèng)想之外的寶藏?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞cave在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，使用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。20．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：從這次經(jīng)歷中，瑞秋知道最勇敢的探索者往往能找到最大的寶藏。根據(jù)句意可知此處時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞使用過(guò)去式，也可以描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。故填knew/hasknown。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分,共28分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A（2023秋·北京·高三校聯(lián)考開(kāi)學(xué)考試）StargazingFestivalsin2023Asmoreareasgrowbrighterwithlightpollution,nationalparksacrossthecountryhavebecomedark-skyhavens.Overtheyears,theyaremakingapushtogetcertifiedashavensforsky-watchingbytheInternationalDarkSkyAssociation,andtheyevenhosteventslikestargazingfestivalstogettravelersexcitedaboutastronomy.·BryceCanyonNationalPark—June14-17SituatedinsouthernUtah,BryceCanyonearneditsdark-skytitlein2019.The35,835-acreparkisanidealplacetostayuplate.Thisyear,itsannualastronomyfestivalincludesguidedstargazingsessions,lecturesand“starstories”presentations,family-friendlyactivities,andevenaperformancebystringsmusiciansinthenorthernArizona-basedDarkSkyQuartet.·ShenandoahNationalPark—August11-13Convenientlylocatedwithinaday’sdrivefromtwo-thirdsofAmericans,ShenandoahNationalPark’snightskyfestivalisalow-liftwaytodabbleinastronomy.Thenearly200,000-acreparkwillhostrangertalks,publicstargazingsessions,lectures,presentations,andactivitiesforkids.Staffersarestillworkingonthisyear’sfullschedule,butpasteventshavecoveredtopicsrangingfromspaceweathertonocturnal(夜間的)creatures.·GreatBasinNationalPark—September14-16GreatBasinisoneoftheleastcrowdednationalparks,makingittheperfectplacetoquietlyappreciatethemysteriesofthecosmos.Itsannualastronomyfestivalisscheduledforthisfallandincludesguestspeakers,constellationtalks,observatorytours,andaphotographyworkshop.Duringthefestival’sunique“ArtintheDark”program,participantswillgettopaintinlow-lightconditionsandexperimentwithhowtheireyesperceivecolor.·JoshuaTreeNationalPark—October13-14JoshuaTreeNationalPark,astheInternationalDarkSkyAssociationnotes,isthe“nearestconvenientplacetogostargazingunderarelativelydarksky”forthe18millionpeoplewholiveintheLosAngelesarea.Itbecameanofficialdarkskyparkin2017,andeachyear,ithostsanightskyfestivalinthefall.Asluckwouldhaveit,thisyear’sdatesoverlapwithanannular“ringoffire”solareclipse.FromJoshuaTree,themoonwillappeartoobscurebetween70and80percentofthesun.21．WhatisthepurposeofStargazingFestivals?A．Toraisepublicinterestinastronomy.B．Tocallforactionagainstlightpollution.C．Toprovideaplatformtoobservestars.D．Tocollectmoneyformoreobservatories.22．Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttoexperienceworkinginlow-lightconditions?A．BryceCanyonNationalPark. B．ShenandoahNationalPark.C．GreatBasinNationalPark. D．JoshuaTreeNationalPark.23．WhatmightbeabonustovisitorstoJoshuaTreeNationalParkduringthefestivals?A．Anobservatorytour. B．Aphotographyworkshop.C．Astargazingtour. D．Asolareclipse.【答案】21．A22．C23．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。作者列舉了2023年四個(gè)國(guó)家公園的星空觀測(cè)節(jié)活動(dòng)。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“theyevenhosteventslikestargazingfestivalstogettravelersexcitedaboutastronomy(他們甚至舉辦觀星節(jié)等活動(dòng)，讓旅行者對(duì)天文學(xué)感到興奮)”可知觀星節(jié)的目的是提高公眾對(duì)天文學(xué)的興趣，故選A。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GreatBasinNationalPark—September14-16部分的“Duringthefestival’sunique“ArtintheDark”program,participantswillgettopaintinlow-lightconditionsandexperimentwithhowtheireyesperceivecolor(在藝術(shù)節(jié)獨(dú)特的“黑暗中的藝術(shù)”項(xiàng)目中，參與者將在弱光條件下繪畫，并實(shí)驗(yàn)他們的眼睛如何感知顏色)”可知如果你想體驗(yàn)在弱光條件下的工作，你應(yīng)該去大盆地國(guó)家公園，故選C。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)JoshuaTreeNationalPark—October13-14部分的“Asluckwouldhaveit,thisyear’sdatesoverlapwithanannular“ringoffire”solareclipse(幸運(yùn)的是，今年的日期與環(huán)形“火環(huán)”日食重疊)可知在節(jié)日期間，日食可能是約書亞樹(shù)國(guó)家公園游客的額外獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，故選D。BEverwonderwhathappenstospacecraftaftertheygetlaunchedtospace?Well,thatiswheremyjobasaninstrumentoperationsengineercomesin.Myjobconsistsofplanning,generating,andoperatingscientificinstrumentsin-flight.IamgratefulforhavingworkedonmissionsatSaturn,theMoon,andourownplanetEarth.WhenIwasahigh-schooler,IwasunsureofwhatcollegeIwantedtoattend,orwhatmajorIwantedtochoose.AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.Thepassionatestudentsandboundlessopportunitiesdevelopedafeelingofbelonginginmethatledmetoapplyandeventuallygetaccepted.ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.Whenpeoplethinkofthespaceindustry,theypicturetheouterreachesofoursolarsystem.Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.ThehighlightofmycareerhasbeenwitnessingtheendoftheCassinimissiontoSaturn.SomeofthepeopleontheteamhadbeenworkingonthemissionforlongerthanIhadbeenalive,buttheystilltreatedmeasoneoftheirown.Iwasgiventheopportunitytooperatethecamerasthatwouldcatchbreathtakingimagesoftheplanet.AndwhentheCassinispacecrafthadrunoutoffuel,Iquicklylearnedthatitwasnotjusttheendofthemission,buttheendofateam.ThenightwewatchedwithbittersweetlongingasitssignalfadedtonothingissomethingthatIwillalwayskeepinmymemories.AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.Myfriendsoftenaskwhyagirlcouldachieveallthese.Ialwaysgrewupabigfanoffiction.IreadtheHarryPotterbooksandlovedanythingfantasy.Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.24．WhydidtheauthorapplytoMIT?A．ThemajorsinMITinterestedher. B．HermotherurgedhertogotoMIT.C．Shesetthisgoalasahigh-schooler. D．AsummerprogrammadeherloveMIT.25．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutheroccupation?A．It’seasytopredictwhatshedoes. B．It’shardforagirltohavesuchacareer.C．Sheisannoyedbybeingmisunderstood. D．Sheisproudtoworkforhumanwell-being.26．WhatdoestheauthorvaluemostintheCassinimission?A．Itshistoriccontributions. B．Theteamitbroughttogether.C．Breathtakingimagesoftheplanet. D．Theopportunitytooperatethecameras.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A．Practicemakesperfect. B．Nowayisimpossibletocourage.C．Wellbegunishalfdone. D．Timelostcannotbewonagain.【答案】24．D25．D26．B27．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者是一名工程師，工作包括規(guī)劃、制作和操作飛行中的科學(xué)儀器。作者認(rèn)為自己從事有益于人類的項(xiàng)目，感到感激和滿足。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.(在收到一封來(lái)自麻省理工學(xué)院的電子郵件后，在我媽媽的鼓勵(lì)下，我決定申請(qǐng)他們提供的暑期項(xiàng)目。在參加了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目之后，我知道MIT是適合我的大學(xué))”可知，作者申請(qǐng)麻省理工學(xué)院是因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)暑期項(xiàng)目使她愛(ài)上了麻省理工學(xué)院。故選D。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.(作為一名工程師，最令人興奮和滿足的部分是我能夠從事有益于人類的項(xiàng)目)”以及“Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.(他們可能無(wú)法想象的是，研究我們自己的家園地球的大量工作正在進(jìn)行。我很感激有這樣一份工作，能讓我承擔(dān)起這樣的責(zé)任)”可知，作者因自己為人類福祉而工作而自豪。故選D。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.(雖然卡西尼號(hào)將因其歷史性貢獻(xiàn)而被銘記，但我將銘記的是它所凝聚的團(tuán)隊(duì))”可知，在卡西尼號(hào)任務(wù)中，作者最看重的是它所凝聚的團(tuán)隊(duì)。故選B。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.(我意識(shí)到英雄故事的一個(gè)共同主題是，英雄必須總是做出選擇，開(kāi)始他們的冒險(xiǎn)。如果你在自己的故事中因?yàn)楹ε陆酉聛?lái)可能發(fā)生的事情而不拿起劍，你就有可能根本沒(méi)有故事)”可知，我們能從這個(gè)故事中學(xué)到“勇者無(wú)懼”的道理。故選B。CLaughingtogetherisanimportantwayforpeopletoconnectandbond.Andthoughthecausesoflaughtercanvarywidelyacrossindividualsandgroups,thesoundofalaughisusuallyrecognizablebetweenpeoplebelongingtodifferentcultures.Butwhataboutanimals?Dothey“l(fā)augh”?Andarethecausesofanimalandhumanlaughteralike?Inhumans,peoplemaylaughwhentheyhearajoke,orwhentheyseesomethingthattheythinkisfunny,thoughit’sunknownifanimals’intelligenceincludeswhathumanswouldcallasenseofhumor.However,manyanimalsproducesoundsduringplaythatareuniquetothatpleasantsocialinteraction.Researchersconsidersuchvocalizationstobesimilartohumanlaughter.Recently,scientistsinvestigatedplayvocalizationtoseehowcommonitwasamonganimals.Theteamidentified65speciesthat“l(fā)aughed”whileplaying—mostweremammals(哺乳動(dòng)物),butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayfullaughtertoo.Reportsofplayfullaughterwerenotablyabsentinstudiesdescribingfish,perhapsbecausethereissomequestionastowhetherornotplayexistsatallinthatanimalgroup.Thisnewstudycouldhelpscientiststoanalyzetheoriginsofhumanlaughter.Buthowcanweidentifyplay?Unlikefighting,playisusuallyrepetitiveandhappensindependentlyofothersocialbehaviors,saidleadstudyauthorSashaWinkler,adoctorofbiologicalanthropologyattheUniversityofCalifornia.Whenitcomestoidentifyingit,“youknowitwhenyouseeit,”WinklertoldLiveScience.Onesignisthatprimates—ourclosestrelatives—havea“playface”thatissimilartotheexpressionsofhumanswhoareplaying.WhenWinklerpreviouslyworkedwithrhesusmacaques,shehadnoticedthatthemonkeyspanted(喘氣)quietlywhileplaying.Manyotherprimatesarealsoknowntovocalizeduringplay,shesaid,soahypothesis(laughterinhumansisthoughttohaveoriginatedduringplay)supportedbytheplay-relatedpantinglaughterofmanyprimatespecieswasputforward.Peoplenowstilllaughduringplay,butwealsointegratelaughterintolanguageandnon-playbehaviors,usinglaughterindiversewaystoexpressarangeofemotionsthatmaybepositiveornegative.Humanlaughternotablydiffersfromotheranimals’laughterinanotherimportantway:itsvolume.Peoplebroadcasttheirlaughterloudly,oftenasawayofestablishinginclusion.Bycomparison,whenmostanimalslaugh,thesoundisveryquiet—justloudenoughtobeheardbythelaugher’spartner.“It’sreallyfascinatingthatsomanyanimalshaveasimilarfunctionofvocalizationduringplay,”WinklertoldLiveScience.“Butwedohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoanimportantareaforfuturestudy."28．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplaincausesofanimalandhumanlaughter.B．Toassesscomplexitiesregardinganimallaughter.C．Topresentfindingsontheexistenceofanimallaughter.D．Toanalyzedifferencesbetweenanimalandhumanlaughter.29．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Animallaughterisevennoticeableinfish.B．Animallaughterishardtorecognizeduringplay.C．Peoplehavelearnedtocombineplaywithlaughter.D．Peoplelaughloudlybecausetheywanttoinvolveothers.30．Whatisprobablythefocusoffuturestudyonlaughter?A．Distinctivefeaturesofhumanlaughter.B．Differentfunctionsofanimallaughter.C．Theoriginanddevelopmentofhumanlaughter.D．Therelationshipbetweenanimallaughterandintelligence.【答案】28．C29．D30．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了關(guān)于“動(dòng)物界存在笑聲”的相關(guān)研究成果。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Butwhataboutanimals?Dothey“l(fā)augh”?Andarethecausesofanimalandhumanlaughteralike?(但是動(dòng)物呢？他們會(huì)“笑”嗎？動(dòng)物和人類笑的原因是一樣的嗎？)”提出的三個(gè)問(wèn)題、第三段中“Recently,scientistsinvestigatedplayvocalizationtoseehowcommonitwasamonganimals.Theteamidentified65speciesthat“l(fā)aughed”whileplaying—mostweremammals(哺乳動(dòng)物),butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayfullaughtertoo.(最近，科學(xué)家們調(diào)查了游戲中的發(fā)聲，看看它在動(dòng)物中有多普遍。研究小組確定了65種會(huì)在玩耍時(shí)“笑”的物種——大多數(shù)是哺乳動(dòng)物，但一些鳥(niǎo)類也會(huì)笑)”、第五段中“Manyotherprimatesarealsoknowntovocalizeduringplay,shesaid,soahypothesis(laughterinhumansisthoughttohaveoriginatedduringplay)supportedbytheplay-relatedpantinglaughterofmanyprimatespecieswasputforward.(她說(shuō)，許多其他靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物也會(huì)在玩耍時(shí)發(fā)出聲音，因此提出了一種假說(shuō)(人類的笑聲被認(rèn)為是在玩耍時(shí)產(chǎn)生的)，這種假說(shuō)得到了許多靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物與玩耍有關(guān)的喘息笑聲的支持)”和最后一段中“‘It’sreallyfascinatingthatsomanyanimalshaveasimilarfunctionofvocalizationduringplay,’WinklertoldLiveScience.(溫克勒告訴《生活科學(xué)》雜志說(shuō)：“這么多動(dòng)物在玩耍時(shí)都有類似的發(fā)聲功能，這真的很有趣。”)”中給出的相關(guān)答案可知，本文是為了展示“動(dòng)物界存在笑聲”相關(guān)研究的成果。故選C項(xiàng)。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Peoplebroadcasttheirlaughterloudly,oftenasawayofestablishinginclusion.(人們大聲傳播他們的笑聲，這通常是作為一種尋求參與者的方式)”可知，人們大聲地笑是為了讓其它人參與進(jìn)來(lái)。故選D項(xiàng)。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butwedohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoanimportantareaforfuturestudy.(但我們確實(shí)有人類笑聲所獨(dú)有的部分，這也是未來(lái)研究的一個(gè)重要領(lǐng)域)”可推知，接下來(lái)的研究很可能重點(diǎn)關(guān)注人類笑聲的獨(dú)特特征。故選A項(xiàng)。DPlantsneedsunlightforphotosynthesis(光合作用),theprocessofabsorbingenergyfromlighttocreatetheirownfoodfromcarbondioxideandwater.That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylightandaredormantinthecoldermonths.Butthisprocessisn’tparticularlyefficientandonlyonepercentoftheenergycontainedinsunlightactuallyendsupintheplant,accordingtoanewsreleasefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.Nowscientistsattheuniversityhavefoundawaytobypasstheneedfornaturalphotosynthesisandtocreatefoodbyusingartificialphotosynthesis.Thisallowsplantstogrowincompletedarkness.“Withourapproachwesoughttoidentifyanewwayofproducingfoodthatcouldbreakthroughthelimitsnormallyimposedbybiologicalphotosynthesis,”correspondingauthorRobertJinkerson,aUCRassistantprofessorofchemicalandenvironmentalengineeringsaidinthenewsrelease.Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(電催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸鹽)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.Thenewartificialphotosynthesismethodcouldbeupto18timesmoreefficientthansunlight.Experimentsshowedthatalargerangeoffoodproducingorganismscouldbegrownusingthisacetate.“Wewereabletogrowfoodproducingorganismswithoutanycontributionsfrombiologicalphotosynthesis,”saidElizabethHann,adoctoralcandidateintheJinkersonlabandco-leadauthorofthestudy.“Thistechnologyisamoreefficientmethodofturningsolarenergyintofood,ascomparedtofoodproductionthatrelicsonbiologicalphotosynthesis,”shesaid.Byeliminatingtheneedforsunlight,hepotentialofthismethodtoincreasefoodsupplyinregionswithless-thanidealgrowingconditionsisalmostendless,accordingtoNewAtlas.Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.Whilethismaybeyearsoff,thepotentialtogrowfoodusingartificialphotosynthesishasgreatvalueinfeedingahungryplacewherethepopulationisgrowingandarablelandshrinking.Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dormant”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A．Fresh. B．Resting. C．Healthy. D．Normal.32．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theprocessofartificialphotosynthesis.B．Thecontributionofnaturalphotosynthesis.C．Theefficiencyofsunlightonplantorganisms.D．Thewiderangeofapplicationsofartificialphotosynthesis.33．AccordingtoMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,artificialphotosynthesisis.A．a(chǎn)ccurate B．dangerous C．promising D．impractical34．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Biologicalphotosynthesiscanhelpproducehigherqualityfood.B．Biologicalphotosynthesisismoreefficientinturningsolarenergyintofood.C．Usingartificialphotosynthesismaydecreasetheefficiencyoffoodproduction.D．Usingartificialphotosynthesistogrowfoodcanreduceenvironmentalinfluence.【答案】31．B32．A33．C34．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人工光合作用的過(guò)程以及積極效果。31．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylight(這就是為什么植物在溫暖的月份生長(zhǎng)和茁壯成長(zhǎng))”以及后文“inthecoldermonths”結(jié)合常識(shí)，可知，植物在陽(yáng)光充足的溫暖月份生長(zhǎng)茂盛，而在寒冷的月份休眠。故劃線詞意思是“休息的”。故選B。32．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(電催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸鹽)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.(致力于人工光合作用的研究人員使用兩步電催化過(guò)程將二氧化碳、水和電轉(zhuǎn)化為醋酸鹽——醋的主要成分——植物有機(jī)體消耗醋酸來(lái)生長(zhǎng)。研究人員調(diào)整了電解槽，這是一種利用電力來(lái)支持食物生產(chǎn)生物生長(zhǎng)的設(shè)備。用這種方法生產(chǎn)出了最高水平的醋酸鹽)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是人工光合作用的過(guò)程。故選A。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.(食物幾乎可以在任何地方種植，包括在太空和其他星球上。“想象一下，有一天，巨大的容器在黑暗中在火星上種植番茄——這對(duì)未來(lái)的火星人來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)容易多少？”UCR植物轉(zhuǎn)化研究中心主任MarthaOrozco-Cárdenas說(shuō))”可知，MarthaOrozco-Cárdenas認(rèn)為人工光合作用是有希望的。故選C。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.(這種新方法使用更少的土地提高了糧食生產(chǎn)的效率，并最大限度地減少了對(duì)地球環(huán)境的影響)”可知，利用人工光合作用種植食物可以減少對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2023秋·北京海淀·高三統(tǒng)考期中）Whichishealthier:abagofcrispsoravegetablesalad?Thatiseasy.Nowwhichishealthier:apizzamadefromscratchoronemadefromthesamebasicingredients,withthesamenumberofcalories,pulledoutofaboxinthefreezer?Manypeoplewouldinstinctively(本能地)saytheformer,perhapsshowing