廣東省東莞市2024年高二下學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測英語試題（含解析）

東莞市2024年第二學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測高二英語(本試卷共四大題，滿分150分?？荚嚂r間120分鐘)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié):滿分20分)第一節(jié)聽力理解(兩段共5小題:每小題2分，滿分10分)共兩小段，每段播放兩遍。請根據(jù)各段播放內(nèi)容及其相關(guān)小題，在5秒鐘內(nèi)從題中給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。第1段材料，回答第1~2題。1.WhatfooddoesMarylike?A.Fish.B.Chicken.C.Beef.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inamarket.C.Inarestaurant.第2段材料，回答第3~5題。3.WhatdidTomdoyesterday?A.Hewatchedamovie.B.Hestayedathome.C.Hewenttowork.4.WhattimewilltheymeetthisFridayevening?A.At6:30.B.At7:00.C.At7:30.5.WhichofthefollowingwillTombuy?A.Drinks.B.Tickets.C.Flowers.第二節(jié)聽取信息(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)聽下面一段獨白。請從所聽到的內(nèi)容中獲取必要的信息，填入答題卡標號為6~10空格中。聽錄音前，你將有10秒鐘的閱題時間，錄音讀兩遍。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié):滿分375分)第一節(jié)(共10小題:每小題25分，滿分25分)讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ABruceLeewasanactor,martialarts(武術(shù))masterandfilmmaker.Manypeopleconsiderhimoneofthemostinfluentialmartialartsexpertsofalltime.HewasborninSanFrancisco,althoughhisparentscamefromHongKong.Hisfatherwasafamousoperasinger,whoappearedinnumerousChinesefilms.Asachildinsuchfamily,BruceappearedinfilmsfromthetimehewasababyAndbytheageof18hehadactedin20films.Lee,asayoungman,wasdeterminedaboutwhateverhewasdoing.Atcollege,hetookupboxing,takingitsoseriouslythathebecameachampion,despiteonlyhavingtrainedforashorttime.ThoughLee'sfirstlovewasmartialarts,hebecamewell-knowninHongKongforhisfightingskills.Lee'sphilosophyonmartialartsinfluencedhisentireapproachtolife.Hefirmlybelievedthatlifehadtobelivedtoitsfullestpotential.Andapersonshouldfollowhisbeliefsandliveanactivelife.Hewasconvincedthatifyoulivedalifeworthyofbeingremembered,youwouldliveinpeople'sheartforever.BruceLeecertainlyachievedthis,asheisalsorespectedastheoriginatorofwhattodayiscalledMixedMartialArts(MMA).BruceLeehasbeennamedasoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthe20thcentury.Heisconsideredwise,practicalanddedicated.Hisinfluenceremains,eventhoughhediedin1973attheageof32.1.WhatisthemajorreasonleadingLeeintofilms?A.Hisfamily.B.Histalent.C.Histraining.D.Hisnationality.2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeaccordingtothepassage?A.Caring.B.Honest.C.Determined.D.Humorous.3.WhatcanwelearnaboutLee?A.Hisfathertaughthimmartialarts.B.Heistheoriginatorofmartialarts.C.Hismartialartsinfluencepeoplealot.D.Hewasthemostfamousactorinthe20century.BWhenIwasaboy,Idislikedthefeelingof“beingastranger”ifmyfamilywentonholidaytoanothercountry.Attheageofseven,wewenttovisitafamilyfriendinFrance.IhadbeenpracticingmyFrenchandwasexcitedtouseit.IspokethefirstFrenchwordsinabakeryinParis.Despiteacarefullypreparedrequest,Iwasnotreadyfortherapidfireresponse.Ihadnoideawhatthesalesgirlsaid!IwassoupsetandknewifIwantedtogetbetter,Iwouldhavetoputinmoreefforts.IstartedstudyingChineseaftermytriptoChinaandIstudiedatBeijingNormalUniversityinthelate1990s.IknewthelanguagewouldhelpmetounderstandChinabetter.LikeChinese,mymotivationtostudyRussiancamefrommyinterestinthecountry’shistory,cultureandmusic.AlthoughIstudiedlanguagesbeforejoiningtheforeignoffice,IhopedthatonedayIwouldworkinternationally.AsanativeEnglishspeaker,Ididn’texpectpeopletounderstandmewhiletravelingtheworld.Iwantedtomakeeffortstounderstandothersthroughtheirlanguages.Learningalanguagealsoimproveshowyouexpressyourself.Whenyouhavelimitedvocabulary,youhavetocreativelycommunicateyourmessagesandmeanings.Thiscanalsobenefitcommunicationskillsinyourfirstlanguage.You’llbecomemoreawareofthewordsyouuseandhowyouwantpeopletorespond.Beingabletospeakotherlanguagesgivesyouanotherdimension.Notnecessarilyintermsofpersonality,butinyourabilitytohavericherexperienceswithabroadermind.4.Whatupsettheauthorinthebakery?A.Hedidn’tmeethisfriend.B.Hecouldn’tspeakFrench.C.Hedidn’tpreparetherequest.D.Hecouldn’tunderstandthegirl.5.WhydidtheauthorstudyRussian?A.ToliveinRussia.B.Totraveltheworld.C.Tojointheforeignoffice.DTolearnmoreaboutRussia.6.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Waysoflearningforeignlanguages.B.Benefitsoflearningforeignlanguages.C.Effortsneededtospeakalanguagewell.D.Differentlanguagesindifferentcountries.CRobotscanbeprogrammedtomoveacarandevenperformsomeoperations.However,whenitcomestopickingupsomethingthattheyhavenottouchedbefore,suchasanegg,theyoftenfail.Now,engineershaveinventedanartificialfingertip(指尖)whichbreaksthatlimitation.Itenablesmachinestosenseobjectsasahumanfingertipdoes.Engineershavebeenworkinghardtomakerobotsflexibleandsensitive.Whenresearchersfromauniversitybegandesigninganartificialfingertipin2009,theyusedhumanskinasaguide.Theirfirstfingertipwasaboutthesizeofacokecan.By2018,3Dprintingmadeitaboutthesizeofanadult'sbigtoe,withthemulti-layeredstructurelikehumanskin.ThelatestbreakthroughiscalledTacTip.Scientistsincludeartificialnervenetworksintothefingertip,whichenablesarobottoquicklyprocesswhatit'ssensingandactaccordinglylikearealfinger.“Alotofoursenseoftouchisdecidedbyourskin,”saysprofessorBenjamin,leaderoftheresearchteam.Inourfingertips,nerveendingswilldeformwhentheskintouchesanobjectandthensendsthesignalstothebrainaboutwhat'shappening.Similarly,thenervenetworksofTacTippickupandtranslatethosesignalsintothefingertip'sactions,tellingrobotstohandleobjectsofallshapesandsizeswithoutprogramming,accordingtoBenjamin.SomescientistsdoubtwhetherTacTipisonlyjustskin-like.Thesignalsfromtheartificialandhumanfingertipsarenotquitethesame,asthesignalsinrealskinaremoreintense.Otherscientiststhinkhighlyofthisbreakthrough.“Atleastithelpsclarifyhowhumantouchworksandisanecessarysteptoimproverobotictouch,”saysprofessorSmith,amaterialscientist.7.Whydoesthewritermention“anegg”inParagraph1?A.Tofindasolutionforengineers.BToshowrobotshavelimitations.CTotellhowrobotssenseobjects.D.Toexplainwhyrobotsoftenfail.8.Whichofthefollowingplaysthemostimportantroleinthelatestbreakthrough?A.Artificialnervenetworks.B.3Dprinting.C.Multi-layeredstructure.D.Humanskin.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deform”meaninParagraph4?A.Develop.B.Stopworking.C.Decrease.D.Changeshapes.10.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TacTipChangesHowTouchWorksinHumansB.RobotsHaveBecomeMoreFlexibleandSensitiveC.ArtificialFingertipGivesRobotsHuman-likeTouchD.EngineersHaveAchievedaBreakthroughin3DPrinting第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Imaginetakingavoyagetothedeepestpartoftheocean.Whattypesofthingwouldyouexpecttosee?Wouldyouseefamiliaranimalsandplantsorfindstrangeandnewones?Scientistskeeplookingfornewspeciesandnewfacts.____11____.DivingdeepintheoceanThedeepocean,1,000metersbelowthesurface,isfreezingcold.What’sworse,thewaterpressurecanharmyouifyoudon’thaveprotectivedeviceson.Therefore,deepdiverswearspecialdivingsuitstoprotectthemselvesfromthewaterpressure.____12____,someofwhichhaverobotarmsthatcancollectsamplesofwater,soil,andsmallanimalsunderwater.UsingsatellitesfortrackingSatellitesupinspacecanhelptotrackseaanimalstravelsintheocean.Scientistsattachsomeanimalswithelectronicsensorstostudythem.Then,asatellitecantrackthesignalfromthesensorattachedontheanimal’sfinorback.____13____.Besides,scientistscanusethissignaltopredicttheanimal’sfuturemovements.____14____Whattypesofanimalsareintheocean?Howmanyarethere?Oceanographersstudiedandcountedanimalsfortenyearstodiscovertheanswers.Theylookedatalltheworld’soceansfromtheNorthPoletotheSouthPole.Theycountedmorethan30,000speciesinmorethan30millionrecords.Morethan6,000newspecieshadneverbeenseenbefore!However,notalltheanimalshavebeendiscovered.____15____.Therearemanymoresurprisestocome!A.CountingseaanimalsB.LivingdeepunderwaterC.Themoretheyexplore,themoretheyfindD.Itshowswhen,where,andhowtheanimaltravelsE.Forreallydeepdives,theyrideinsmallsubmarinesF.LifeismorediversethanpeoplepreviouslythoughtG.Withsensors,somefishhavetraveledover75,000kilometers第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié):滿分37.5分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題:每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。MartinandWeiss,bothwereartteachersinalocalprimaryschool.Theyspoketotheirstudents,aged6to11,aboutthe____16____ofopeningahotline.Theteachersaskedthestudentstothinkofhowtheystayed____17____throughoutthepandemic(大流行病).Theyalsoaskedthemtorecallmomentswhentheywereintroubleandreceivedhelpful____18____.“Soalloftheresponsesarereallycomingfromthekidsandtheirownlife____19____.Andtheiradviceisbasedontheir____20____yearsonthisplanet,”Martinsaid.Theteachersandtheirstudentsalsohunganumberofpostersthroughoutthetown____21____positivemessages.ThehotlinewaslaunchedonFebruary26and____22____morethan500callsinjusttwodays.It____23____receivesupto90callsperhour.Afterdialing,you’llbeprovidedwithamenuofoptions,suchaslifeadvice,encouragementandeven____24____songsfromkindergartners.Amy,who____25____aseriousdisease,saysshehascalledthehotlineseveraltimesforencouragementandhaseven____26____itwithfellowpatients.“It’sjoy,straightfromtheMouthsof____27____,”shetoldthejournalist.“Weadultsforgetthat____28____spreadingpositivethinkingcanreallybethat____29____.”Thehotline,whichisfundedbyacharity,willbe____30____withmoremessagesinthecomingmonths.Martinhopestofindmorefundingtokeepthehotlineoperatingwell.16.A.theory B.idea C.code D.tale17.A.positive B.polite C.modest D.curious18.A.patent B.clues C.advice D.conclusions19.A.quotes B.meanings C.goals D.experiences20.A.busy B.late C.short D.extra21.A.editing B.sending C.checking D.correcting22.A.received B.made C.missed D.refused23.A.suddenly B.randomly C.currently D.apparently24.A.scary B.complex C.boring D.cheerful25.A.worriesabout B.workson C.findsout D.suffersfrom26.A.combined B.shared C.created D.compared27.A.teachers B.patients C.kids D.adults28.A.diseases B.justice C.rumours D.kindness29.A.formal B.simple C.strange D.urgent30.A.updated B.bothered C.covered D.charged第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性，在下面空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為41~50的相應(yīng)位置。31.Childrenhave________urgetomeettheastronautscomingbackfromtheShenzhouXIIspacecraft.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)32.Hestayedinhospital________(temporary)beforehemovedintothenursinghomenotfaraway.(所給詞的適當形式填空)33.Bejjing2022WinterOlympicsattractedagreatmany________(participant)worldwide.(所給詞的適當形式填空)34.________sportsappsbecomingpopular,moreandmorepeoplearedoingexerciseathome.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)35.Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingconstantly,________meansweneednewresourcestomeettheneedsofpeople.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)36.Pepperisanimportantpartofdailylifeforpeople________(live)inSichuanprovince.(所給詞的適當形式填空)37.Ioftensleepwiththewindowsopen________itisreallynoisyoutside.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)38.Thecarnivalheldinourschoollastweek________(sponsor)byseveralfamousgraduates.(所給詞的適當形式填空)39.Lilycouldn'tfindmymissingparcelandaskedmewhat________lookedlike.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)40.________(describe)assoftpower,cultureplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofsociety.(所給詞的適當形式填空)第四部分寫作(共三節(jié);滿分55分)第一節(jié)句子考查(第51~54小題每空0.5分，第55~57小題每題3分，滿分15分)根據(jù)下面各個句子的要求，完成、改寫或翻譯句子。41.Youngsterstendto________it________________(認為理所當然)thatparentsshoulddoeverythingforthemandgivethemwhatevertheywant.42.Ididn’tunderstandthenewworduntilIlookeditupinthedictionary.(改為倒裝句)________________Ilookedthenewwordupinthedictionary________Iunderstandit.43.Itseemedthatwehadexperiencedfourseasonsinaday.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)Weseemed________________________fourseasonsinaday.44.“CanIapplytobeavolunteerinthecomingmarathon?”Maryasked(改為間接引語)Maryasked________________________applytobeavolunteerinthecomingmarathon.45.MaryhadlostherBingDwenDwen,soshefeltverysad.(用分詞作狀語改寫)________________46.Theyaretestingoutthenewsystemtoseeifitworkswell.(用被動語態(tài)改寫)________________47.讓孩子們高興的是他們下周將去旅游。(用名詞性從句翻譯)(漢譯英)第二節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫作(滿分15分)48.你正在準備英語課堂演講，請以“TheImportanceofPhysicalExercise”為主題寫一篇演講稿，內(nèi)容包括：1.舉例說明鍛煉身體的重要性；2.發(fā)出呼吁。注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。TheImportanceofPhysicalExercise___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第三節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫(滿分25分)49.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成-篇完整的短文。Itwasspring,andStevewantedtogetanewset(套裝)offootball,sportsshoes,andareallycoolbackpack.Therewasonlyoneproblem.Thatgreatsetwastooexpensive.Steveonlysaved$10,andthatwasnotevenclosetowhathewouldneedtobuytheset.“Icouldaskmomanddadtogivemypocketmoneyinadvance,”hethoughttohimself,“butthatwouldbeabigadvance!”Thatnight,Stevetoldhisparentstheproblem.“Haveyoueverthoughtaboutdoingsomethingfortheneighborhoodtoearnsomeextramoney?”askedhisdad.“No,itwouldtakemetoolongtoearnthemoney,”answeredSteve,“Ineedthenewsetfortheschoolfootballmatchintwoweeks.”“Well,ifyouearnpartofthemoney,I’lladvanceyoutherest.IsthatOK?”suggestedhisdad.Steveagreedwiththeoffer,wentbacktohisbedroomandthoughtaboutwhathecoulddotoearnsomemoney.“BillyfromnextdoortakescareofMrs.Smith’sgarden,KellywalksMr.Frank’sdog,andTonywashesMr.Lipton’scar.ThereisnothingthatIcandotoearsomemoney,”thoughtSteve.ThenextdayafterschoolStevewentpastthestore,SportsTime.Helovedtolokinthewindowatallthefootballequipmentandothergoodsontheshelves.Stevewentinandlookedatthenewfootballsethewanted.“Hi,Steve,”saidMrs.Thomas,“whatcanIdoforyoutoday?”“Iwanttoseeifthereisasaleonthatfootballset.”“Iamafraidnot,”saidMrs.Thomas,“itissillS60.”“Ionlyhave$10saved,andmydadsaidifIcoulddosomethingfortheneighborhood,hewouldadvancemetherest,”saidSteve,andhetoldherabouttheschoolfootballmatch.注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右:2.請按如下格式在答題卡相應(yīng)位置作答。Paragraph1:SeeingthatStevewaseagerfortheset,Mrs.Thomascameupwithanidea.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Withherpermission,Stevenushedtothenewfootballsetexcitedly.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________聽力答案：1-5:ACACB6.four/4times7.20,000/twenty(20)thousand8.support9.pettoys10.smalldonation 東莞市2024年第二學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測高二英語(本試卷共四大題，滿分150分?？荚嚂r間120分鐘)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié):滿分20分)第一節(jié)聽力理解(兩段共5小題:每小題2分，滿分10分)共兩小段，每段播放兩遍。請根據(jù)各段播放內(nèi)容及其相關(guān)小題，在5秒鐘內(nèi)從題中給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。第1段材料，回答第1~2題。1.WhatfooddoesMarylike?A.Fish.B.Chicken.C.Beef.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inamarket.C.Inarestaurant.第2段材料，回答第3~5題。3.WhatdidTomdoyesterday?A.Hewatchedamovie.B.Hestayedathome.C.Hewenttowork.4.WhattimewilltheymeetthisFridayevening?A.At6:30.B.At7:00.C.At7:30.5.WhichofthefollowingwillTombuy?A.Drinks.B.Tickets.C.Flowers.第二節(jié)聽取信息(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)聽下面一段獨白。請從所聽到的內(nèi)容中獲取必要的信息，填入答題卡標號為6~10空格中。聽錄音前，你將有10秒鐘的閱題時間，錄音讀兩遍。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié):滿分375分)第一節(jié)(共10小題:每小題25分，滿分25分)讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ABruceLeewasanactor,martialarts(武術(shù))masterandfilmmaker.Manypeopleconsiderhimoneofthemostinfluentialmartialartsexpertsofalltime.HewasborninSanFrancisco,althoughhisparentscamefromHongKong.Hisfatherwasafamousoperasinger,whoappearedinnumerousChinesefilms.Asachildinsuchfamily,BruceappearedinfilmsfromthetimehewasababyAndbytheageof18hehadactedin20films.Lee,asayoungman,wasdeterminedaboutwhateverhewasdoing.Atcollege,hetookupboxing,takingitsoseriouslythathebecameachampion,despiteonlyhavingtrainedforashorttime.ThoughLee'sfirstlovewasmartialarts,hebecamewell-knowninHongKongforhisfightingskills.Lee'sphilosophyonmartialartsinfluencedhisentireapproachtolifeHefirmlybelievedthatlifehadtobelivedtoitsfullestpotential.Andapersonshouldfollowhisbeliefsandliveanactivelife.Hewasconvincedthatifyoulivedalifeworthyofbeingremembered,youwouldliveinpeople'sheartforever.BruceLeecertainlyachievedthis,asheisalsorespectedastheoriginatorofwhattodayiscalledMixedMartialArts(MMA).BruceLeehasbeennamedasoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthe20thcentury.Heisconsideredwise,practicalanddedicated.Hisinfluenceremains,eventhoughhediedin1973attheageof32.1.WhatisthemajorreasonleadingLeeintofilms?A.Hisfamily.B.Histalent.C.Histraining.D.Hisnationality.2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeaccordingtothepassage?A.Caring.B.Honest.C.Determined.D.Humorous.3.WhatcanwelearnaboutLee?A.Hisfathertaughthimmartialarts.B.Heistheoriginatorofmartialarts.C.Hismartialartsinfluencepeoplealot.D.Hewasthemostfamousactorinthe20century.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述李小龍的生平以及影響。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Hisfatherwasafamousoperasinger,whoappearedinnumerousChinesefilms.Asachildinsuchfamily,BruceappearedinfilmsfromthetimehewasababyAndbytheageof18hehadactedin20films.(他的父親是一位著名的歌劇演員，曾出演過許多中國電影。作為這樣一個家庭的孩子，布魯斯從小就出演電影，到18歲時，他已經(jīng)出演了20部電影。)”可知，布魯斯入圈電影主要原因是家庭的影響。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段“Lee,asayoungman,wasdeterminedaboutwhateverhewasdoing.Atcollege,hetookupboxing,takingitsoseriouslythathebecameachampion,despiteonlyhavingtrainedforashorttime.ThoughLee'sfirstlovewasmartialarts,hebecamewell-knowninHongKongforhisfightingskills.(李年輕時，無論做什么都下定決心。在大學(xué)里，他開始了拳擊運動，盡管只訓(xùn)練了很短的時間，但他非常認真地對待它，最終成為了冠軍。雖然李的初戀是武術(shù)，但他在香港以武功聞名。)”可知，李是很有決心的。故選C項。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段“Manypeopleconsiderhimoneofthemostinfluentialmartialartsexpertsofalltime.”(許多人認為他是有史以來最有影響力的武術(shù)專家之一)由文章最后一段“BruceLeehasbeennamedasoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthe20thcentury.Heisconsideredwise,practicalanddedicated.Hisinfluenceremains,eventhoughhediedin1973attheageof32.(李被認為是20世紀最有影響力的人之一。他被認為是明智、務(wù)實和敬業(yè)的。盡管他于1973年去世，享年32歲，但他的影響力依然存在。)”可知，李的武術(shù)對人們影響很大。故選C項。BWhenIwasaboy,Idislikedthefeelingof“beingastranger”ifmyfamilywentonholidaytoanothercountry.Attheageofseven,wewenttovisitafamilyfriendinFrance.IhadbeenpracticingmyFrenchandwasexcitedtouseit.IspokethefirstFrenchwordsinabakeryinParis.Despiteacarefullypreparedrequest,Iwasnotreadyfortherapidfireresponse.Ihadnoideawhatthesalesgirlsaid!IwassoupsetandknewifIwantedtogetbetter,Iwouldhavetoputinmoreefforts.IstartedstudyingChineseaftermytriptoChinaandIstudiedatBeijingNormalUniversityinthelate1990s.IknewthelanguagewouldhelpmetounderstandChinabetter.LikeChinese,mymotivationtostudyRussiancamefrommyinterestinthecountry’shistory,cultureandmusic.AlthoughIstudiedlanguagesbeforejoiningtheforeignoffice,IhopedthatonedayIwouldworkinternationally.AsanativeEnglishspeaker,Ididn’texpectpeopletounderstandmewhiletravelingtheworld.Iwantedtomakeeffortstounderstandothersthroughtheirlanguages.Learningalanguagealsoimproveshowyouexpressyourself.Whenyouhavelimitedvocabulary,youhavetocreativelycommunicateyourmessagesandmeanings.Thiscanalsobenefitcommunicationskillsinyourfirstlanguage.You’llbecomemoreawareofthewordsyouuseandhowyouwantpeopletorespond.Beingabletospeakotherlanguagesgivesyouanotherdimension.Notnecessarilyintermsofpersonality,butinyourabilitytohavericherexperienceswithabroadermind.4.Whatupsettheauthorinthebakery?A.Hedidn’tmeethisfriend.B.Hecouldn’tspeakFrench.C.Hedidn’tpreparetherequest.D.Hecouldn’tunderstandthegirl.5.WhydidtheauthorstudyRussian?A.ToliveinRussia.B.Totraveltheworld.C.Tojointheforeignoffice.D.TolearnmoreaboutRussia.6.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Waysoflearningforeignlanguages.B.Benefitsoflearningforeignlanguages.C.Effortsneededtospeakalanguagewell.D.Differentlanguagesindifferentcountries.【答案】4.D5.D6.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章通過描述作者學(xué)習(xí)各種語言的經(jīng)歷意識到，能夠說其他語言給了你另一個維度。不一定是因為個性，而是因為你有能力以更廣闊的胸懷獲得更豐富的經(jīng)歷。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ihadnoideawhatthesalesgirlsaid!Iwassoupset”(我完全不知道售貨員說了什么！我很生氣)可知，作者在面包店里生氣的原因是他聽不懂店員說的話。故選D。【5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“LikeChinese,mymotivationtostudyRussiancamefrommyinterestinthecountry’shistory,cultureandmusic.”(和漢語一樣，我學(xué)習(xí)俄語的動機來自于我對這個國家的歷史、文化和音樂的興趣。)可知，作者學(xué)習(xí)俄語是為了更多的了解這個國家的歷史、文化和音樂。故選D。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Beingabletospeakotherlanguagesgivesyouanotherdimension.Notnecessarilyintermsofpersonality,butinyourabilitytohavericherexperienceswithabroadermind.”(能夠說其他語言給了你另一個維度。不一定是因為個性，而是因為你有能力以更廣闊的胸懷獲得更豐富的經(jīng)歷。)可知，作者想通過他學(xué)習(xí)各種語言的經(jīng)歷告訴我們學(xué)習(xí)外語的好處。故選B。CRobotscanbeprogrammedtomoveacarandevenperformsomeoperations.However,whenitcomestopickingupsomethingthattheyhavenottouchedbefore,suchasanegg,theyoftenfail.Now,engineershaveinventedanartificialfingertip(指尖)whichbreaksthatlimitation.Itenablesmachinestosenseobjectsasahumanfingertipdoes.Engineershavebeenworkinghardtomakerobotsflexibleandsensitive.Whenresearchersfromauniversitybegandesigninganartificialfingertipin2009,theyusedhumanskinasaguide.Theirfirstfingertipwasaboutthesizeofacokecan.By2018,3Dprintingmadeitaboutthesizeofanadult'sbigtoe,withthemulti-layeredstructurelikehumanskin.ThelatestbreakthroughiscalledTacTip.Scientistsincludeartificialnervenetworksintothefingertip,whichenablesarobottoquicklyprocesswhatit'ssensingandactaccordinglylikearealfinger.“Alotofoursenseoftouchisdecidedbyourskin,”saysprofessorBenjamin,leaderoftheresearchteam.Inourfingertips,nerveendingswilldeformwhentheskintouchesanobjectandthensendsthesignalstothebrainaboutwhat'shappening.Similarly,thenervenetworksofTacTippickupandtranslatethosesignalsintothefingertip'sactions,tellingrobotstohandleobjectsofallshapesandsizeswithoutprogramming,accordingtoBenjamin.SomescientistsdoubtwhetherTacTipisonlyjustskin-like.Thesignalsfromtheartificialandhumanfingertipsarenotquitethesame,asthesignalsinrealskinaremoreintense.Otherscientiststhinkhighlyofthisbreakthrough.“Atleastithelpsclarifyhowhumantouchworksandisanecessarysteptoimproverobotictouch,”saysprofessorSmith,amaterialscientist.7.Whydoesthewritermention“anegg”inParagraph1?A.Tofindasolutionforengineers.B.Toshowrobotshavelimitations.C.Totellhowrobotssenseobjects.D.Toexplainwhyrobotsoftenfail.8.Whichofthefollowingplaysthemostimportantroleinthelatestbreakthrough?A.Artificialnervenetworks.B.3Dprinting.C.Multi-layeredstructure.D.Humanskin.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deform”meaninParagraph4?A.Develop.B.Stopworking.C.Decrease.D.Changeshapes.10.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TacTipChangesHowTouchWorksinHumansB.RobotsHaveBecomeMoreFlexibleandSensitiveC.ArtificialFingertipGivesRobotsHuman-likeTouchD.EngineersHaveAchievedaBreakthroughin3DPrinting【答案】7.B8.A9.D10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹人工指尖給機器人帶來了人類般的觸感。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Robotscanbeprogrammedtomoveacarandevenperformsomeoperations.However,whenitcomestopickingupsomethingthattheyhavenottouchedbefore,suchasanegg,theyoftenfail.Now,engineershaveinventedanartificialfingertipwhichbreaksthatlimitation.(機器人可以編程來移動汽車，甚至執(zhí)行一些操作。然而，當要撿起他們以前從未碰過的東西時，比如雞蛋，他們往往會失敗?，F(xiàn)在，工程師們發(fā)明了一種人工指尖，打破了這一限制。)”可知，作者舉例雞蛋的目的就是為了說明機器人的一些局限。故選B項。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“ThelatestbreakthroughiscalledTacTip.Scientistsincludeartificialnervenetworksintothefingertip,whichenablesarobottoquicklyprocesswhatit'ssensingandreactaccordinglylikearealfinger.(最新的突破被稱為TacTip。科學(xué)家將人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)植入指尖，使機器人能夠快速處理感測到的信息，并像真正的手指一樣做出相應(yīng)反應(yīng)。)”可知，最新的突破是將人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)植入指尖。故選A項?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。由文章第四段“whentheskintouchesanobjectandthensendsthesignalstothebrainaboutwhat'shappening.(當皮膚接觸到一個物體，然后向大腦發(fā)送關(guān)于發(fā)生了什么的信號。)”可知，當我們皮膚一接觸物體，就會有信號傳到大腦，而這時，應(yīng)該是我們指尖的神經(jīng)末梢發(fā)生了“變形”，才會產(chǎn)生信號。所以猜測deform是“發(fā)生改變”的意思。故選D項?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第一段“Robotscanbeprogrammedtomoveacarandevenperformsomeoperations.However,whenitcomestopickingupsomethingthattheyhavenottouchedbefore,suchasanegg,theyoftenfail.Now,engineer