人教版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)必修第3冊(cè)UNIT4 SPACE EXPLORATION練習(xí)含答案

UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATIONⅠ.閱讀理解AChinesescientistshavediscoveredanewwaterreservoironthemoonintheformofglassbeads(珠子),whichcouldhavemajorsignificanceforfindingoutthewatercontentoftheearth’sonlynaturalsatelliteandpotentiallyextractingthemtosupportfuturelunarmissions.AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureGeosciencelastweekrevealedsoilsamplescollectedbyChina’sChang’e-5lunarprobecontainedimpactglassbeadsthatheldwaterintheformofhydroxyl——amoleculeconsistingofoneoxygenatomandonehydrogenatom.Hydroxylion(離子)isoneofthemostcommonionsfoundinwater.Theseglassbeadsarecreatedwhenmeteoroids(流星體)hitthemoon’ssurface,throwinguphotmoltendroplets(熔滴)whichthencoolandturnsolid.Theyfunctionlikeasponge,soakinguphydrogenatomscarriedbythesolarwindtoformhydroxyl,thusplayinganimportantroleinthewatercycleofthelunarsurface.Whileeachbeadonlyholdsatinyamountofwater,theseglassballscanbeseeneverywhereonthemoonandresearchersestimatedlunarsoilscouldstoreasmuchas270billionmetrictonsofwater.Fordecades,scientiststhoughtthemoonwasbonedryuntildiscoveriesinrecentyearsrevealeditssoilcouldholdwater.“Themoonpotentiallyholding270billionmetrictonsofwaterisquitesubstantial,thoughitpalesincomparisontotheamountofwaterintheearth’soceans,”saidHuSen,aresearcherfromtheInstituteofGeologyandGeophysicsoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesandoneofthekeyscientistsbehindthestudy.Thesefindingsnotonlyprovideinsightontheorigins,storage,andtransportationofwateroncelestial(天空的)bodieswithoutatmospheres,buttheyalsomayprovehelpfulforplanningandbuildingasustainablehumanhabitatontheseplanets,headded.However,thespecificoriginsofthewateronthelunarsurfaceremainamystery.Thestudypresentedseveralpotentialsources,includingsolarwindimplantation,thereleaseoftrappedgaswhenthemoonwashotandvolcanicallyactive,anddeliverybycometsandasteroids.1.Whatistheuseoftheglassbeads?A.Absorbingwater.B.Dryingwater.C.Creatingwater.D.Recyclingwater.2.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?A.Themoonwasadryplacefordecades.B.Themoonholdsasmuchwaterastheearthdoes.C.Scientistsdiscoveredthemooncouldstorewater.D.Theamountofwateronthemooniscomparativelylarge.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Trappedgasshouldbereleased.B.Furtherresearchneedstobedone.C.Watersourceshavebeenidentified.D.Solarwindwasimplantedonthemoon.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.FutureHabitatforHumans:theMoonB.NewDiscovery:GlassBeadsontheMoonC.NewFindings:WaterontheLunarSurfaceD.FutureMissions:China’sChang’eLunarProbesBThenewWebbtelescopehasdiscoveredwhatappeartobegalaxies(星系)thatdatebacktowithin600millionyearsoftheBigBang.Thesixnewlydiscoveredobjectssuggestthattheearlyuniversemayhavebeendevelopingunexpectedlyfasttoproducethesehugegalaxies.Whilethenewtelescopehasspottedevenoldergalaxies,datingtowithin300millionyearsofthebeginningoftheuniverse,it’sthesizeofthesesixgalaxiesthatshocktheresearchers.“Mostgalaxiesinthiseraarestillsmallandonlygraduallygrowinglargerovertime,”leadresearcherIvoLabbeofAustralia’sSwinburneUniversityofTechnologysaid.“Butthesesixgalaxiesarefast-trackingtomaturity.Whythisisthecaseorhowthisworksisunknown.”

Accordingtothereport,whichwaspublishedinthejournalNatureonWednesday,eachofthesixobjectsweighsbillionsoftimesmorethanoursun.Inoneofthem,thetotalweightofallitsstarsmaybeasmuchas100billiontimesgreaterthanoursun.ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity’sJoelLeja,whoalsotookpartinthestudy,said,“Whatwefoundissounexpectedthatitactuallycreatesproblemsforscienceanditmightcallthewholepictureofearlygalaxyformationintoquestion.”Thesegalaxyobservationswereamongthefirstsetofdatafromthe$10billionWebbtelescope,whichwasjustlaunchedoverayearago.UnlikeHubble,thebiggerandmorepowerfulWebbcanseethroughcloudsofdustwithitsinfrared(紅外的)visionanddiscovergalaxiespreviouslyundetected.Scientistshopetoeventuallyobservethefirststarsandgalaxiesformedfollowingthecreationoftheuniverse13.8billionyearsago.Theresearchersarestillwaitingforofficialconfirmation.“It’spossiblethatafewoftheobjectsmightnotbegalaxies,butblackholes.OneearlylessonfromWebbistoletgoofourexpectationsandbereadytobesurprised,”Labbesaid.“Nextyearitwilltellus.”5.Whatisspecialaboutthesixnewlydetectedobjects?A.Theirage. B.Theircolor.C.Theirsize. D.Theirshape.6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“fast-trackingtomaturity”inparagraph3mean?A.Turningquickly.B.Circlingsmoothly.C.Travellingfast.D.Growingrapidly.7.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwotelescopes?A.HubblecanseefurtherthanWebb.B.WebbismorepowerfulthanHubble.C.WebbismuchcheaperthanHubble.D.HubbleisrelativelybiggerthanWebb.8.WhatdoesIvoLabbemeaninthelastparagraph?A.Thedatamightnotbecomplete.B.Theresearcherswillbedisappointed.C.HedoesnotagreewithJoelLeja.D.ThenewWebbtelescopeisunreliable.Ⅱ.七選五Arecentstudyfoundthatonlyeightpercentofpeopleactuallyendupachievingtheirnewyear’sresolution.Here’sacoupleoftipsandtricksonhowtodojustthat.1.

Noonehaseversaid“oh,I’mgoingtobehealthierthisyear”andthenextdaywakeuphealthy.Therehastobeaplan,goals,andactionsthatneedtobetaken.Soyoucansaysomethinglike“I’mgoingtogotothegymeveryotherdaythisyear.”Chooseresolutionswisely.2.Themajorityofresolutionsinvolvesomesortofhabitchanges,andhabitchangeshaveahugeconsumptiononyourbody’swillpower.Willpowerislikeabatterythatneedstoberechargedeverynight.Whenyouhavetoomanyresolutions,theburdenonthisbatterycausesittorunoutbeforeyouhaveachancetorechargeit.

Writeyourresolutionsdown.Thismakestheresolutionfeellikeacontract.3.Youcanwritedowneveryresolutionfortheentireyear.Everytimeyoulookatit,youwillfeelatremendousamountofpressuretomakesurethatyoucontinuetokeepyourresolution.

Don’ttellanyoneaboutyournewyear’sresolution.Usually,whenyoutalkaboutsomethingthatyouhaven’taccomplished,youwilltrickyourbrainintovisualizingasituationwhereyouhaveaccomplishedit.4

Findyourselfanaccountabilitybuddy.Anaccountabilitybuddyissomebodywhomakessurethatyou’regoingoutthereeverysingleday,anddoingthethingsthatyoupromisedyourselfthatyouwoulddo.5.Atthesametime,youhelpthemkeepthemselvesinlinestoo!

A.HaveaplanB.KeephealthyC.Don’tchoosetoomanyresolutionsD.ItcreatespressureforyoutocompleteitE.It’sinterestinghowphysicalacontractcanfeelF.It’ssomebodywhohelpsyoukeepyourselfinlineG.ThiscausesyoutolosetonsofmotivationthatyouhadbeforehandⅢ.語法填空ChinaaddedalaboratorytoitspermanentorbitingspacestationonJuly25,2022asitmovedtowardcompletingthestructureincoming1.(month).

TheWentianlabmodulewaslaunchedfromtheWenchangspacebaseonthetropicalislandprovinceofHainanwith2.largecrowdofamateurphotographersandspaceloverswatching.After13hoursofflight,it3.(successful)docked(對(duì)接)withtheTiangongstation’smainTianhelivingmoduleat3:13a.m.,4.?hadbeenlaunchedbeforetheWentianlabmodule.

TheWentianwasdesigned5.scienceandbiologyexperiments,anditsfeatureisthatthe23-tonlabmodulewas6.(heavy)thananyothersingle-modulespacecraftcurrentlyinspace.Itwasfollowedbyasecondlabmodule,theMengtian,sentonOctober31,2022.Threeastronauts7.(be)thenlivinginthecoremodule(核心艙)onasix-monthmissionandoversawtheWentian’s8.(arrive)anddocking.

ALongMarch5B-Y3rocket,China’smost9.(power),carriedthemoduleinthethirdsuchlaunchsincetheChinesespacestationentereditsconstructionstage.IttookplaceaftertheTianzhou-classcargo(貨物)spacecraftandtheShenzhou-14crewedspacecraft.China’sspaceprogramlauncheditsfirstastronautintoorbitin2003,10.(make)itonlythethirdcountrytodosoonitsown.

Ⅳ.應(yīng)用文寫作假定你是高中生李華,你所在的學(xué)校航模俱樂部近期將舉辦一次中學(xué)生航模作品展。請(qǐng)給你的交換生好友Penny寫封信,邀請(qǐng)她來參加。內(nèi)容包括:1.作品展的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn);2.作品展的內(nèi)容。注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;2.請(qǐng)?jiān)谙鄳?yīng)位置作答。參考詞匯:航模modelaircraft_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Ⅰ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述中國(guó)科學(xué)家在月球上發(fā)現(xiàn)了水存在的證據(jù)。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“Theyfunctionlikeasponge,soakinguphydrogenatomscarriedbythesolarwindtoformhydroxyl,thusplayinganimportantroleinthewatercycleofthelunarsurface.”可知,月球上的“玻璃珠”的功能是吸住水分。2.D主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段首句“Whileeachbeadonlyholdsatinyamountofwater,theseglassballscanbeseeneverywhereonthemoonandresearchersestimatedlunarsoilscouldstoreasmuchas270billionmetrictonsofwater.”以及“Themoonpotentiallyholding270billionmetrictonsofwaterisquitesubstantial”可知,本段主要說明月球中的含水量相對(duì)來說還是比較大的。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“However,thespecificoriginsofthewateronthelunarsurfaceremainamystery.”可知,科學(xué)家還要做進(jìn)一步的研究找到水的來源。4.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Chinesescientistshavediscoveredanewwaterreservoironthemoonintheformofglassbeads(珠子),whichcouldhavemajorsignificanceforfindingoutthewatercontentoftheearth’sonlynaturalsatelliteandpotentiallyextractingthemtosupportfuturelunarmissions.”可知,這篇文章主要講在月球上發(fā)現(xiàn)了水。因此C項(xiàng)“新發(fā)現(xiàn):月球表面有水”可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的六個(gè)疑似星系。5.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段提到“Whilethenewtelescopehasspottedevenoldergalaxies,datingtowithin300millionyearsofthebeginningoftheuniverse,it’sthesizeofthesesixgalaxiesthatshocktheresearchers.”可知,這六個(gè)星系的尺寸是其特別之處,因此讓研究人員震驚。6.D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞組前“Mostgalaxiesinthiseraarestillsmallandonlygraduallygrowinglargerovertime,...But...”可推斷,fast-trackingtomaturity與growingrapidly所表達(dá)的意思相同。故選D項(xiàng)。7.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第六段提到“UnlikeHubble,thebiggerandmorepowerfulWebbcanseethroughcloudsofdustwithitsinfrared(紅外的)visionanddiscovergalaxiespreviouslyundetected.”可知,韋伯望遠(yuǎn)鏡比哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡更強(qiáng)大。8.A推理判斷題。第五段最后一句提到“Whatwefoundissounexpectedthatitactuallycreatesproblemsforscienceanditmightcallthewholepictureofearlygalaxyformationintoquestion.”第六段提到“Thesegalaxyobservationswereamongthefirstsetofdatafrom...”及最后一段提到“OneearlylessonfromWebbistoletgoofourexpectationsandbereadytobesurprised,”可知,韋伯望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀測(cè)的結(jié)果受到了質(zhì)疑。由此推知,IvoLabbe擔(dān)心第一批數(shù)據(jù)可能不完整。故選A項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了實(shí)現(xiàn)新年決心的建議和技巧。1.A根據(jù)下文“Noonehaseversaid‘oh,I’mgoingtobehealthierthisyear’andthenextdaywakeuphealthy.Therehastobeaplan,goals,andactionsthatneedtobetaken.Soyoucansaysomethinglike‘I’mgoingtogotothegymeveryotherdaythisyear.’”可知,本段主要講要制定計(jì)劃,A項(xiàng)“Haveaplan(有一個(gè)計(jì)劃)”是最佳標(biāo)題。2.C小標(biāo)題“Chooseresolutionswisely.”提出要明智選擇新年決心,C項(xiàng)“Don’tchoosetoomanyresolutions”承接上文,說明新年決心不能太多,需要挑選,下文“Whenyouhavetoomanyresolutions,theburdenonthisbatterycausesittorunoutbeforeyouhaveachancetorechargeit.”解釋了選擇不能太多的原因,上下文語意連貫。故選C項(xiàng)。3.D小標(biāo)題“Writeyourresolutionsdown.”提出寫下自己的決心,上文“Thismakestheresolutionfeellikeacontract.”和D項(xiàng)“Itcreatespressureforyoutocompleteit”一起說明了要寫下決心的原因:寫下決心就像簽了一份合同,它會(huì)給你壓力去完成它。上下文語意連貫。故選D項(xiàng)。4.G上文“Usually,whenyoutalkaboutsomethingthatyouhaven’taccomplished,youwilltrickyourbrainintovisualizingasituationwhereyouhaveaccomplishedit.”提出談?wù)撨€沒有完成的事情會(huì)讓大腦受欺騙,想象出已經(jīng)完成計(jì)劃的場(chǎng)景,G項(xiàng)“Thiscausesyoutolosetonsofmotivationthatyouhadbeforehand”承接上文,說明這件事情的后果:失去動(dòng)力。上下文語意連貫。故選G項(xiàng)。5.F上文“Anaccountabilitybuddyissomebodywhomakessurethatyou’regoingoutthereeverysingleday,anddoingthe