2022屆高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)拿分技巧素材

速解短文改錯(cuò)8分技巧一．認(rèn)識(shí)短文改錯(cuò)：1.改錯(cuò)原則——118原則：一刪一添八改動(dòng)（每處改動(dòng)僅一詞，刪/添常為虛詞—代冠介連）。2.通常短句會(huì)有1個(gè)錯(cuò)誤；長(zhǎng)句會(huì)有2-3個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。3.改錯(cuò)類型——九種詞性（名詞/動(dòng)詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞/冠詞/代詞/連詞/數(shù)詞）。二．建議做題步驟：首先在題上方的空白處寫(xiě)出錯(cuò)誤詞性n、v、adj/adv;介、冠、代、連、數(shù)；花5分鐘快速通讀一遍，把簡(jiǎn)單的錯(cuò)誤直接改出來(lái)，把可能的錯(cuò)詞及陷阱詞標(biāo)注。必考錯(cuò)詞及陷阱詞有——1個(gè)名詞/3個(gè)動(dòng)詞/1個(gè)形容詞/1個(gè)副詞/1個(gè)介詞/1個(gè)冠詞/1個(gè)代詞/0-1個(gè)數(shù)詞/1-2個(gè)連詞花3分鐘仔細(xì)檢查錯(cuò)誤出處（沒(méi)改的句子及沒(méi)改的詞性）—此規(guī)則與語(yǔ)篇填空基本一致。名詞單復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)/與形容詞/動(dòng)詞的互換；動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（過(guò)去還是現(xiàn)在）語(yǔ)態(tài)（主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)）/非謂語(yǔ)（-ing還是-ed,v+to；介詞+doing）形容詞與名詞/副詞（-ly）的互換/比較級(jí)-er/最高級(jí)-est代詞的張冠李戴連詞的邏輯/其前后的結(jié)構(gòu)是否一致冠詞a/an/the有沒(méi)有搞錯(cuò)及物動(dòng)詞之后刪介詞，不及物動(dòng)詞之后添介詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞的互換及概數(shù)詞的固定用法hundredsof等。第二遍完成后，如果改多了，把自己認(rèn)為超級(jí)正確的留下，滿10個(gè)就行；如果改少了，不會(huì)改，都要?jiǎng)潤(rùn)M線，劃對(duì)詞也有0.5分；把超級(jí)確定的留下，去看看還有哪些詞性沒(méi)改，每個(gè)詞性蒙一個(gè)，滿10個(gè)即可。常見(jiàn)改錯(cuò)的詳細(xì)版：名詞的?？煎e(cuò)誤類型（n.）單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)(-s)[many/different/kindsof/several/all/alotof/dozensof/hundredsof...+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞用原形（一般去-s）Information信息/knowledge知識(shí)/advice建議/air/food/furniture家具(參考語(yǔ)篇填空)n.adj.(-ence/-ency-ent；-ance/ancyant)Differencedifferent不同的；independenceindependent獨(dú)立的動(dòng)詞的?？煎e(cuò)誤類型（v.）謂語(yǔ)之一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（do/does）一般過(guò)去時(shí)(did)謂語(yǔ)之現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（have/hasdone）過(guò)去完成時(shí)（haddone）have/hashadb.diddone(用過(guò)去分詞)謂語(yǔ)之被動(dòng)形式bediddone(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主謂之間是主動(dòng)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)“by...,被...”主謂之間是被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式was/weredoneago,yesterday,past,in2011,lastnight/week/year...,justnow,did…on…一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞原形或三單am/is/aredoneeveryday(week,month,year...),often,always,usually,today,sometimes,inthemorning等一般將來(lái)時(shí)Willdo或am/is/aregoingtodowillbedonefuture，nextmonth/year...,in+時(shí)間段，tomorrow,someday,in2078等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone(及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,上同)have/hasbeendonesince,already，recently,for+時(shí)間段，yet，lately，sofar，inthepastfiveyears,inrecentyears,overtheyears,uptonow/present,ever等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+(not)diddo情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+(not)todoshould∧done應(yīng)該被...be非謂語(yǔ)之不定式:todoes/todoingdo非謂語(yǔ)之不定式:謂語(yǔ)∧v(動(dòng)詞原形)謂語(yǔ)......∧v(動(dòng)詞原形)toto非謂語(yǔ)之動(dòng)名詞：介詞+dodoing非謂語(yǔ)之v-edv-ing【bev-ed被...;bev-ing正在...】非謂語(yǔ)之Vt+介詞+n（及物動(dòng)詞之后直接接賓語(yǔ)）非謂語(yǔ)之Vi+∧+n（不及物動(dòng)詞之后不能直接接賓語(yǔ)，需要介詞of/for...連接）非謂語(yǔ)之分詞doingdoneV...，v...v-ed...V-ingv-ingv-ing...謂語(yǔ)...+n.+doing/done...[現(xiàn)在分詞doing表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞done表被動(dòng)，均作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾其前面的名詞]形容詞與副詞的?？煎e(cuò)誤類型[adj./adv（-ly）]adj.adv.（-ly）[形修名；副修動(dòng)、副修形、副修副、副修句子]sosuch;adj/adv的位置參考語(yǔ)篇填空原級(jí)比較級(jí)（-er）最高級(jí)（-est）AandB【A/B結(jié)構(gòu)保持一致】b.muchmorebetter肯定否定Hard（努力）hardly(幾乎不)politeimpolite（不禮貌的）v-ingv-ed(主語(yǔ)是人或修飾對(duì)象指人用v-ed；主語(yǔ)是物或修飾對(duì)象指物用v-ing)四、介詞的常考錯(cuò)誤類型（in/on/at/for/of/about/from/to/into......）1.Vt+介詞+n（及物動(dòng)詞之后直接接賓語(yǔ)）2.Vi+∧+n（不及物動(dòng)詞之后不能直接接賓語(yǔ)，需要介詞of/for...連接）3.互改（beinterestedonin；lookoffor.......）冠詞的?？煎e(cuò)誤類型（a/an/the）aan(a+輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞；an+元音音素開(kāi)頭的詞)a/anthe(a/an表泛指，用來(lái)限定第一次出現(xiàn)的名詞；the表特指、限定二次出現(xiàn)的詞等等)刪詞atthefirstinanaddition......添詞in∧picture；in∧world;at∧beginning.....均添theas∧student;for∧while;∧+n.(第一次出現(xiàn)的名詞)......均添a代詞的?？煎e(cuò)誤類型張冠李戴：he/she/my/myself/yourself/ourselves/themselves/me/mine/yourselves......連詞的?？煎e(cuò)誤類型并列連詞andbutor定語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞who/which/whose/that/when/where...謂語(yǔ)......謂語(yǔ)...+n.+...謂語(yǔ)......謂語(yǔ)......謂語(yǔ)...+n,that+v...who/which(n指人用who,...謂語(yǔ)......謂語(yǔ)......謂語(yǔ)...+A+who+B+......謂語(yǔ)......謂語(yǔ)......謂語(yǔ)...+地點(diǎn)n.+that+主語(yǔ)+...謂語(yǔ)......謂語(yǔ)......謂語(yǔ)...+時(shí)間+where+主語(yǔ)+...謂語(yǔ)......謂語(yǔ).........謂語(yǔ)...whattodohowtodo...謂語(yǔ)......謂語(yǔ)...+n.+...謂語(yǔ)......謂語(yǔ)...Where+時(shí)間......When【when指時(shí)間；...謂語(yǔ)...速解：(上面劃線詞為?？煎e(cuò)誤形式，下面為常改正確形式)，thata+a/i/o-開(kāi)頭的詞an+輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞a/an/the比較級(jí)er基數(shù)詞which/whoanaan/the/a原級(jí)/最高級(jí)序數(shù)詞differencekindforactivitybothsortforanimal名詞單數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)+s名詞differentkindsofactivitiesallsortsofanimals名詞復(fù)數(shù)去掉-s形容詞hadsuchand/but/orFinal,…Beside,…the/myfiftyfloormanyallhave/hassobut/or/andFinallyBesidesfiftiethmuchbothwhat/how/when/where/who/which/that-ally/-ily/-bly副詞anything/everythingthat/what/where/when/which/who/what-al/-y/-ble形容詞somethingv-ed,v…/.v…介詞+v謂語(yǔ)v-edv……+v或v+vshouldbedone(加be)v-ingv-ingv-ing謂語(yǔ)v/v-sv……加to+v或在第二個(gè)v之前加toV+介詞，Inanaddition,…thefirstofall,joininusbecauseof+句子ontoday/tomorrow/yesterdayInafactmake/letsbtodowillbelastreturntoenterintogotothereshouldnottobedonegobacktohomealotoffrominanorderhavebeendonearriveathome……張冠李戴I-me-my-my-your-his-it-itself-themselves-ourselves-myself-she-heA……andB（B與A結(jié)構(gòu)一致）;固定搭配notonly…butalso;atfirst;asaresult;inaddition;lookfor……學(xué)霸補(bǔ)充：...,inthat...assooneraspossiblyvthatadjtodoWhatisthatmattertomeofyourthesecond.whichsoonpossibleitThatwhatmattersyoursaTomesurprising,...while...getusingtodo,and...getpreparethreetimeatonemysurprisewhen