北京市2022-2023學(xué)年高三年級上冊10月月考英語試卷（解析版）

北京101中學(xué)2023屆上學(xué)期高三年級10月月考

英語試卷

第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的AB'C'D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Wedon'tseemany17-year-oldwhocanlistasmanyaccomplishments（成就）asEduardoCaiado.

Edu,ashelikestobecalled,livesinAnapolis,Brazil.He'salwaysbeendriventohelpothers.Infact,whenhe

wasjust15,hewasnamedoneofthe50YoungInspirersoftheUnitedNationsforhisprojectonreusing1

toprovidedrinkingwaterinavillage.Healsoboughtgiftsfor52peoplelivinginalocalnursinghome,2

hisownmoney.

ThesearealltotallynaturalforEdu,whosayshe'sbeen3tryingtohelpothersformostofhislife.But

rightnowhecentersonsavingstray（走失的）animals.

Sincehewas9,he'sdreamedofthedayhecouldopena4forthemanylostorforgottenpetshe'sseen.

Lessthantenyearslater,he5thatdreamarealitybystartingtheEduPacocaInstitute!

“TheplacewhereIliveiscold,andmanystraydogsweredyingof6cold,“hesaid.TheEduPacoca

Institutedependson7tohelptheseanimalsinneed.First,Edurentedahouse;now,he'susingthemoney

to8foodandotherexpenses.S<Iwanttheseanimalstoknowthateveniftheydon'thaveowners,theywillbe

withmeuntiltheygrowoldanddie."hesaid.

Afteryearsoffeedinganimalsonthestreets,Eduunderstandsthatwhilethey'renothuman,animalshave

feelingsoftheirown.Eachhastheirownhabits,9,andpreferences,andEdulovesgettingtoknowthem.

He'salreadygivenabout30dogsandcatsahome,andthenumberkeepsgrowingeveryday!Hisonlyregret

isthathedoesn'thaveenoughroomormoneyto10everystray.

1.A.newspaperB.rainwaterC.leftoverD.oil

2.A.borrowingB.winningC.usingD.wasting

3.A.activelyB.normallyC.casuallyD.negatively

4.A.nurseryB.hospitalC.zooD.shelter

5.A.madeB.broughtC.raisedD.reminded

6.A.slightB.certainC.extremeD.immediate

7.A.inventionsB.donationsC.responsibilitiesD.values

8.A.cookB.buyC.orderD.cover

9.A.personalitiesB.performancesC.appearancesD.originalities

10.A.takedownB.takeoffC.takeinD.takeup

【答案】LB2.C3.A4.D5.A6.C7.B8.D9.A10.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了17歲的巴西少年一直努力幫助他人，并實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己為流浪狗

開設(shè)收容所的夢想。

【1題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，在他15歲的時(shí)候，他就被聯(lián)合國提名為50名青年激勵者之一，因?yàn)?/p>

他的項(xiàng)目是利用雨水為一個(gè)村莊提供飲用水。A.newspaper報(bào)紙；B.rainwater雨水；C.leftover殘留物；D.

oil油。根據(jù)"toprovidedrinkingwaterinavillage.”可知，Edu利用雨水為村莊提供飲用水。故選B。

【2題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他還用自己的錢給當(dāng)?shù)匾患茵B(yǎng)老院的52人買了禮物。A.borrowing借；B.winning贏

得；C.using使用；D.wasting浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)"Healsoboughtgiftsfor52peoplelivinginalocalnursinghome,“可

知，Edu是用自己的錢買的禮物。故選Co

[3題詳解】

考查動副詞詞義辨析。句意：這些對Edu來說都是很自然的，他說他一生中大部分時(shí)間都在積極地幫助別

人。A.actively積極地；B.normally正常地；C.casually隨便地；D.negatively消極地。根據(jù)"Theseareall

totallynaturalforEdu,"可知，Edu總是積極地幫助他人。故選A。

[4題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從9歲起，他就夢想有一天能為許多他見過的走失或被遺忘的寵物開一個(gè)收容

所。A.nursery托兒所；B.hospital醫(yī)院；C.zoo動物園；D.shelter避難所。根據(jù)"forthemanylostorforgotten

petshe'sseen.”可知，Edu夢想能夠?yàn)樽呤Щ虮贿z忘的寵物開一個(gè)收容所。故選D。

【5題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不到十年后，他通過創(chuàng)辦EduPacoca會館使這個(gè)夢想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)!A.made使得；

B.brought帶來；C.raised提高；D.reminded提醒。makethedreamareality使夢想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。根據(jù)"bystarting

theEduPacocaInstitute!"可知，Edu通過創(chuàng)辦EduPacoca會館，讓自己的夢想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。故選A。

【6題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“我住的地方很冷，很多流浪狗都死于極端寒冷，”他說。A.slight輕微的；B.

certain肯定的；C.extreme極度的；D.immediate立即的。根據(jù)“TheplacewhereIliveiscold”可知，因?yàn)?/p>

天氣很冷，所以很多流浪狗死于極端寒冷的天氣。故選Co

【7題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：EduPacoca會館依靠捐贈來幫助這些需要幫助的動物。A.inventions發(fā)明；B.

donations捐贈；C.responsibilities責(zé)任；D.values價(jià)值。根據(jù)"helptheseanimalsinneed.”可知，幫助這些

動物的資金來自于捐贈。故選Bo

【8題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，他用這筆錢來支付食物和其他費(fèi)用。A.cook烹飪；B.buy買；C.order

訂購；D.cover覆蓋；支付。根據(jù)"now,he'susingthemoney”可知，Edu用捐贈的錢支付食物和其他費(fèi)用。

超D?

【9題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它們每個(gè)人都有自己的習(xí)慣、個(gè)性和偏好，而Edu很想了解它們。A.personalities

個(gè)性；B.performances表現(xiàn)；C.appearances夕卜表；D.originalities獨(dú)創(chuàng)性。根據(jù)"Eachhastheirownhabits"

和“preferences”可知，每只狗都有自己的個(gè)性。故選A。

【10題詳解】

考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：他唯一的遺憾是沒有足夠的空間和錢來收留每一只流浪狗。A.takedown寫

下；B.takeoff起飛；C.takein接受；IRA；D.takeup占據(jù)。根據(jù)"Hisonlyregretisthathedoesn'thaveenough

roomormoney”可知，因?yàn)闆]有足夠空間和錢，所以不能夠接受每一只流浪狗。故選C。

第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

A

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

ALondonMarathonrunnersawacompetitorwhoneededhelp.Thecompetitorhadfallentotheground,sohe

pickedhimup.Whenhe11(fall)downagain,hedecidedtosupporthimtothefinishline200metresaway.

Matthew,therunnerwho12(selfless)helpedhiscompetitor,becamefamousontheInternet.Thetwo

runnersbecamefriendsand13(meet)atnextyear'sLondonMarathon,hopefully.

【答案】11.fell

12.selflessly

13.willmeet

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是馬拉松選手馬修在比賽中幫助競爭對手，并和對手成為了好朋

友。

[11題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)他再次跌倒時(shí)，他決定扶著他到200米外的終點(diǎn)線。空處在時(shí)間狀語從句中作謂語，

結(jié)合主句中decided可知，此處的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故填felL

【12題詳解】

考查副詞。句意：馬修，那個(gè)無私地幫助他競爭對手的賽跑者，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上出名了?？崭裉幱酶痹~修飾

動詞helped,selfless的副詞是selflessly,意為"無私地"，故填selflesslyo

【13題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這兩位選手成為了朋友，并有望在明年的倫敦馬拉松比賽上相遇。由nextyea/s可知，

句子用一般將來時(shí)，因此空格處是willmeet,故填willmeeto

B

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Awarningsystem14(prevent)driversfromfallingasleepwasintroducedatthe2020China

InternationalFairforTradeinServices,whichwasheldfromSeptember4to9inBeijing.Thesystemcanjudge

15thedriverissleepybymonitoringhowlongthedriver'seyesclose.Ifthedriveristired,thesystemwill

soundanalarm16thedriver'seyesreopen.Inthefuture,otherdangerousdriving17(behave),such

asnotwearingaseatbeltandmakingphonecallswhiledriving,mightalsobeaddedintothiswarningsystem.

【答案】14.toprevent

15.whether

16.until17.behaviours##behaviors

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。2020中國國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易交易會于9月4日至9日在北京舉行，會上推出了防

止司機(jī)睡著的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)。文章介紹了這一系統(tǒng)的工作方式。

【14題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：2020中國國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易交易會于9月4日至9日在北京舉行，會上推出了防止司

機(jī)睡著的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)。此處修飾system用不定式作后置定語。故填toprevent0

【15題詳解】

考查賓語從句。句意：該系統(tǒng)可以通過監(jiān)測司機(jī)眼睛閉上的時(shí)間來判斷司機(jī)是否困了。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從

句不缺少成分，表示"是否"應(yīng)用whethero故填whethero

【16題詳解】

考查狀語從句。句意：如果司機(jī)累了，系統(tǒng)會發(fā)出警報(bào)，直到司機(jī)的眼睛重新睜開。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，

表示“直到"應(yīng)用untilo故填untilo

【17題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：在未來，其他危險(xiǎn)的駕駛行為，如不系安全帶和開車時(shí)打電話，可能也會加入到這個(gè)警

告系統(tǒng)中。作主語，且由other修飾應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)名詞behaviours或behaviors。故填behaviours/behaviors。

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Self-relianceisasignificantelementinbeinganindependentperson.Whenyoucanmakedecisionsfor

yourself18relyingonotherstoapproveyourchoice,youareactingindependently.Aperson

19isself-reliantandmakesdecisionswithconfidenceisgoingtofindthemselvesbeingreliedon.This

canmakethemfeelmorevaluable.However,peoplerelyingheavilyonothersforsupport20（see）as

needyanddemanding.Thesearenotattractivefeaturesinsomeone'spersonalityandmightlendtolosingfriends.

【答案】18.without

19.who##that

20.areseen

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了自力更生是成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的人的重要因素，而過度依賴別人則

可能會失去朋友。

【18題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：當(dāng)你可以自己做決定而不依賴他人的認(rèn)可時(shí)，你就是在獨(dú)立行事。表示“沒有”應(yīng)用介

詞withouto故填withouto

【19題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：一個(gè)獨(dú)立自主、有信心做決定的人會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己是被依賴的?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，先

行詞Aperson,指人，在定語從句中作主語，需用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)。故填who/that。

[20題詳解】

考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：然而，嚴(yán)重依賴他人支持的人被視為需要和苛刻。此處陳述客觀事實(shí)，使用一

般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為people和see為被動關(guān)系，需用被動語態(tài)，主語為people,be動詞用are。故填areseen。

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

ChineseDualLanguageImmersionProgram(CDLIP)

WhatisDualLanguageImmersion?

Duallanguageimmersionprovidesacademicinstructionintwolanguages.ThePasadenaUnifiedSchool

DistrictcurrentlyoffersaChinese-Englishimmersionprogram.

WhyChoosetheCDLIP?

Learningasecondlanguageawakenscuriosityandrespectforothernationsandtheircultures.Chineseisnot

onlyarichlanguagewithalongliterarytradition,butithasalsoemergedasaninfluentialworldwidelanguage.

OurCDLIPpromotescross-culturalsensitivity,sothatstudentscanlearnabouttheglobalizedworld.Fornative

Chinesespeakers,ourprogramensuresfulldevelopmentandmasteryofEnglishlanguageartswhilehelpingthem

becomemorefluentintheirmothertongue.

OurClassrooms

TheCDLIPservesprimaryschoolstudents,fromkindergartenthroughsecondgrade.Grades3,4and5willbe

addedinSeptemberof2022,2023and2024,respectively.TheprogramiscurrentlylocatedatLutherBurbank

PrimarySchool.Onanygivenday,youmightfindaclassroomfullofkindergartenerscountingandsortingcoins,

firstgraderssinging"TheMoreWeGetTogether”,orsecondgradersdescribingphysicsexperiments-allinChinese!

HowDoestheProgramWork?

CDLIPclassroomscombinenativeandnon-nativespeakerssothatallstudentsmaysucceedinbothChinese

andEnglish.WeapplyaTwo-Way90:10Model.Inkindergarten,90%oftheday'sinstructionisinChineseand10%

isdevotedtoimprovingEnglishorallanguageandtheabilitytoreadandwrite.Aschildrenprogressthroughgrade

levels,thepercentageofEnglishinstructiongraduallyincreases,finallyachievinga50:50splitbyfifthgrade.

ToRegisterYourChild

Languagelearningisalong-termprocess,soparentsareaskedtoregistertheirchildrenforthefullsixyears.

?Registeronlineatwww.pusd.us/oebetweenJune13and23.

?Theprogramisfree,supportedbythePasadenaUnifiedSchoolDistrict.

?Forkindergarten,noknowledgeofChineseisnecessary.(SomeknowledgeofChineseisexpectedfor

studentsenteringgrades1-3.)

?Applicationswillbeacceptedafterthedeadlineifspacesarestillavailable.

?Ifyouwouldlikeassistancecompletingyourapplication,pleasecontactMs.NettyLiatBurbankPrimary

School（626）396-5760orvisitPUSDWelcomeCenter.

21.AfterattendingtheCDLIP,studentswillbeableto.

A.masterChineseartsB.understandworldhistory

C.handdowntraditionalliteratureD.developcross-culturalawareness

22.WhatcanyoufindinCDLIPclasses?

A.Kindergartenersspendingmoretimepracticingreading.

B.Studentslearningthroughsongsandactivities.

C.Higher-gradestudentsusingmostlyChinese.

D.Studentsfocusingonsciencevocabulary.

23.Whatcanwelearnabouttheregistration?

A.Parentsneedtopaytheprogramfee.

B.Studentsmustberegisteredeveryyear.

C.Spacesareusuallyavailableafterthedeadline.

D.PUSDWelcomeCenteroffershelpwithregistration.

【答案】21.D22.B23.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。短文介紹了中文雙語浸入式課程的相關(guān)信息。

[21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)（iWhyChoosetheCDLIP?”中的"OurCDLIPpromotescross-culturalsensitivity,sothat

studentscanlearnabouttheglobalizedworld.（我們的中文雙語浸入式課程提高了跨文化的敏感度，這樣學(xué)生就

可以了解全球化的世界。）”由此可知，參加了中文雙語浸入式課程后，學(xué)生將能夠培養(yǎng)跨文化意識。故選

D項(xiàng)。

[22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"OurClassrooms^中的“Onanygivenday,youmightfindaclassroomfullof

kindergartenerscountingandsortingcoins,firstgraderssinging“TheMoreWeGetTogether",orsecondgraders

describingphysicsexperiments一allinChinese!（在任何一天，你都可能看到滿教室的孩子在數(shù)硬幣，一年級學(xué)

生在唱“TheMoreWeGetTogether"，二年級學(xué)生在用中文描述物理實(shí)驗(yàn)）”可知，你能在中文雙語浸入式

課程發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生通過歌曲和活動學(xué)習(xí)。故選B項(xiàng)。

[23題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"ToRegisterYourChild”中的“Ifyouwouldlikeassistancecompletingyourapplication,

pleasecontactMs.NettyLiatBurbankPrimarySchool(626)396-5760orvisitPUSDWelcomeCenter.(如果您需

要幫助完成您的申請，請聯(lián)系伯班克小學(xué)NettyLi老師，電話為(626)396-5760或訪問PUSD接待中心)”可

知，PUSD接待中心提供注冊幫助。故選D項(xiàng)。

B

Fromsausagerollstosweetsandacoffeewithabin,thereweremanythingsthatmadeGregRobinsonsmile.

Whenthefather-of-two,whowasinhis50s,diedsuddenlyinApril2021,hisfamily'slifewasturnedupside

down.

GregranagiftshopinhishometownofDonaghadce.Whetheritwasatwork,walkingthedog,withhislocal

flutebandorjustoutinhisbelayedtown,hisfamilysaidGregmadetimeforthoseinneed.Now,ontheweekof

hisfirstanniversary,hisfamilysharedsomeofthethingsthatmadehimsmilewiththeircommunity.

“Wewantedtoplansomethingtogetherthatallowedustoputourenergyintosomethingpositiveandgiveus

somethingpracticaltodo,whichweknewwouldhaveanimpactonothers,9,theytoldthereporter.

“Weknewthatbymakingotherssmile,weinturnwouldfeelthebenefitofthattoo.Wehaverealisedthe

importanceoflittlethingsthathavemadeussmilethroughoutthepastyear.^^

AsGreglovedhistownandthecommunity,allthegiftswerepurchasedlocally.Amongthemarevouchers

(代金券)forabakery,forsomeofhisfavouritesausagerolls,anice-creamshopwhereheusedtobuyaquarterof

sweets,andacafebecause“aweecoffeeandabunwouldhavemadedad'sfacelightupwithexcitement”.

“Whensomeonedies,itisoftenthecasethatpeoplearescaredtomentionthelovedoneincaseitmakesyou

sad,butthejourneyhastaughtusthatthisisn'tthecase.Thewonderfulmemoriesofdadsharedbyourcommunity

bringsomuchcomfort,hisfamilysaid.

“Welovethosetimeswhenwehearhowdadhadimpactedtheirlives,fromshowingkindnessasateenagerat

highschool,tochattingawaytocustomersinhisshop,“theyadded.

ForGreg'schildren,theywillbeforevergratefulfortheirdadteachingthem“tofocusonthepositivepartsof

theday,lookingforwaysthatwecanexpressgratitudeforeverydaythings”.

24.WhatdoweknowaboutGregfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

A.Gregwasoftenreadytohelpothers.

B.Greghadagreatpassionforcooking.

C.Gregearnedhislivingbyplayinginaband.

D.Greg'sdeathhadlittleimpactonhisfamily.

25.Howdidthecommunityreactafterreceivingthegifts?

A.TheygatheredandcomfortedGreg'sfamily.

B.TheyexpressedsadnessaboutGreg'sdeath.

C.TheywerestillafraidtotalkaboutGreg.

D.TheysharedgoodmemoriesofGreg.

26.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.AnActofKindnessinMemoryofGreg

B.UnusualWaystoThankGreg'sCommunity

C.AHugeCelebrationofGreg'sFamilyReunion

D.SpecialGiftstoRecordtheFamilyLifeofGreg

【答案】24.A25.D26.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了格雷格生前喜歡幫助別人，在他去世后，他的家人把他當(dāng)作榜樣，

購買禮物，送給社區(qū)有需要的人，以這種方式來紀(jì)念格雷格。

[24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句"GregranagiftshopinhishometownofDonaghadce.Whetheritwasatwork,

walkingthedog,withhislocalflutebandorjustoutinhisbelayedtown,hisfamilysaidGregmadetimeforthose

inneed.”（格雷格在他的家鄉(xiāng)多納加德開了一家禮品店。無論是在工作、遛狗、和當(dāng)?shù)氐拈L笛樂隊(duì)一起演

奏，還是僅僅在他居住的小鎮(zhèn)上，他的家人說格雷格為那些需要幫助的人騰出了時(shí)間。）可知，格雷格經(jīng)常

會花費(fèi)時(shí)間去幫助那些需要幫助的人，由此可知，從前三段中我們可以得知格雷格經(jīng)常樂于幫助別人。故

選A項(xiàng)。

[25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段內(nèi)容“"Whensomeonedies,itisoftenthecasethatpeoplearescaredtomention

thelovedoneincaseitmakesyousad,butthejourneyhastaughtusthatthisisn'tthecase.Thewonderful

memoriesofdadsharedbyourcommunitybringsomuchcomfort,hisfamilysaid."（他的家人說：“當(dāng)有人去

世時(shí)，人們往往害怕提及所愛的人，以免讓你傷心，但這段旅程告訴我們，情況并非如此。我們社區(qū)分享

的對父親的美好回憶給我們帶來了很多安慰?！保┛芍?，收到禮物后，社區(qū)分享了對父親的美好回憶，這給

家人帶來了很多安慰，由此可知，收到禮物后，社區(qū)分享了他們關(guān)于格雷格的美好回憶。故選D項(xiàng)。

[26題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀文章，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第四段關(guān)鍵句"AsGreglovedhistownandthecommunity,allthegiftswere

purchasedlocally."（由于格雷格熱愛他的城鎮(zhèn)和社區(qū)，所有的禮物都是在當(dāng)?shù)刭徺I的。）可知，文章講述了

格雷格生前喜歡幫助別人，在他去世后，他的家人把他當(dāng)作榜樣，購買禮物，送給社區(qū)有需要的人，以這

種方式來紀(jì)念格雷格，"AnActofKindnessinMemoryofGreg"意為"為紀(jì)念格雷格而做的善舉”，選項(xiàng)能

夠概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。

C

Millionsofmigratory（遷徙的）birdsoccupyseasonallyfavorablebreeding（繁殖）groundsintheArctic,but

scientistsknowlittleabouttheformation,maintenanceandfutureofthemigrationroutesofArcticbirdsandthe

geneticdeterminantsofmigratorydistance.Inanewstudy,amultinationalteamofresearchersundertheleadership

ofDr.ZHANXiangjiangfromtheInstituteofZoologyoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesintegratedtwo

state-of-the-arttechniques-satellitetrackingandwholegenomesequencing（基因排序）-andestablisheda

continental-scalemigrationsystemofperegrinefalconsinEurasianArctic.

peregrinefalcon

Theresearcherstracked56peregrinefalconsfromsixEurasianArcticbreedingpopulationsandsequenced35

genomesfromfourofthesepopulationstostudythemigrationofthisspecies.Theyfoundthatthebirdsusedfive

migrationroutesacrossEurasia,probablyestablishedbetweenthelastIceAge22,000yearsagoandthe

middle-Holocene6,000yearsago.'"PeregrinefalconsinitiatedtheirautumnmigrationmainlyinSeptember,and

arrivedattheirwinteringareasmainlyinOctober,HsaidProfessorMikeBruford,anecologistatCardiffUniversity.

"Peregrinefalconsthatdepartfromdifferentbreedinggroundsusedifferentroutes,andwinteratwidelydistributed

sitesacrossfourdistinctregions.Individualbirdsthatweretrackedformorethanoneyearexhibitedstrongpath

repeatabilityduringmigration,completeloyaltytowinteringlocationsandlimitedbreedingdispersal（擴(kuò)散）.”

Theresearchersquantifiedthemigrationstrategiesandfoundthatmigrationdistanceisthemostsignificant

differentiation.Theyusedwholegenomesequencingandfoundagene-ADCY8,whichisknowntobeinvolvedin

long-termmemoryinotheranimalsinpreviousresearch-associatedwithdifferencesinmigratorydistance.They

foundADCY8hadavariantathighfrequencyinlong-distancemigrantpopulationsofperegrinefalcons,indicating

thisvariantisbeingfavorablyselectedbecauseitmayincreasepowersoflong-termmemorythoughttobeessential

forlong-distancemigration.

（"Previousstudieshaveidentifiedseveralcandidategenomicregionsthatmayregulatemigration-butourwork

isthestrongestdemonstrationofaspecificgeneassociatedwithmigratorybehavioryetidentified,^Professor

Brufordsaid.Theresearchersfurtherlookedatmodelsoflikelyfuturemigrationbehaviortopredicttheimpactof

globalwarming.Iftheclimatewarmsatthesamerateasithasinrecentdecades,theypredictperegrinepopulations

inwesternEurasiahavethehighestprobabilityofpopulationdeclineandmaystopmigratingaltogether.

“Ourworkisthefirsttobegintounderstandthewayecologicalfactorsmayinteractinmigratorybirds,9,said

Dr.ZHANXiangjiang.t6Wehopeitwillserveasacornerstonetohelpconservemigratoryspeciesintheworld.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Fivebirds'historicalmigrationrouteswererebuilt.

B.Peregrinefalconssticktotheareaswheretheywinter.

C.Twonovelresearchmethodsofmigrationwereinvented.

D.PeregrinefalconsleaveforArcticregionsinSeptember.

28.WhatcanweinferaboutADCY8?

A.Itisanewly-discoveredgeneinthenewstudy.

B.Itservesasafundamentalpartoflong-distancemigration.

C.Itcouldbestrengthenedbythepoweroflong-termmemory.

D.Itturnedouttobemorefavoredbybirdsthantheotheranimals.

29.Whatisspecialaboutthenewstudy?

A.Ithasdiscoveredanewgenomicregionofbirds.

B.Ithaspredictedtherateatwhichtheclimatewarms.

C.Itanalysesthereasonsforthedecreaseofperegrinefalcons.

D.Itencouragesattentiontoenvironmentaleffectsonmigratorybirds.

30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.ResearchersHelpConserveMigratorySpecies

B.BiologistsFindEvidenceofMigrationGeneinBirds

C.HowLong-termMemoryHelpsLong-distanceMigration

D.HowEcologicalFactorsAffectBirds5MigratoryDistances

【答案】27.B28.B29.D30.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究表明，全球變暖對于長途遷徙的鳥

類有很大的影響。

[27題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段^Individualbirdsthatweretrackedformorethanoneyearexhibitedstrongpath

repeatabilityduringmigration,completeloyaltytowinteringlocationsandlimitedbreedingdispersal（擴(kuò)散）.（追蹤

超過一年的單個(gè)鳥類在遷徙過程中表現(xiàn)出很強(qiáng)的路徑重復(fù)性，對越冬地點(diǎn)完全忠誠，并限制繁殖擴(kuò)散。）”

可知，它們對自己的越冬地點(diǎn)非常專一。故選B。

[28題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“TheyfoundADCY8hadavariantathighfrequencyinlong-distancemigrant

populationsofperegrinefalcons,indicatingthisvariantisbeingfavorablyselectedbecauseitmayincreasepowers

oflong-termmemorythoughttobeessentialforlong-distancemigration.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)ADCY8在長途遷徙的游隼種

群中有一種高頻率的變異，這表明這種變異被有利地選擇了，因?yàn)樗赡茉黾娱L期記憶的能力，這被認(rèn)為

是長途遷徙的必要條件。）”可推斷，ADCY8是長途遷徙中必不可少的要素。故選Bo

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段“"Ourworkisthefirsttobegintounderstandthewayecologicalfactorsmayinteract

inmigratorybirds,9,saidDr.ZHANXiangjiang.t6Wehopeitwillserveasacornerstonetohelpconservemigratory

speciesintheworld.”（詹湘江博士說：“我們的工作是第一次開始了解生態(tài)因素可能在候鳥中相互作用的方

式?！薄拔覀兿Ｍ艹蔀楸Ｗo(hù)世界遷徙物種的基石?？赏茢?，該研究的特別之處是了解了生態(tài)因素對

候鳥的影響，希望更多的人關(guān)注這一點(diǎn)。故選Do

[30題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段uPreviousstudieshaveidentifiedseveralcandidategenomicregionsthatmay

regulatemigration-butourworkisthestrongestdemonstrationofaspecificgeneassociatedwithmigratory

behavioryetidentified（以前的研究已經(jīng)確定了幾個(gè)可能調(diào)控遷移的候選基因組區(qū)域，但我們的工作是迄今為

止與遷移行為相關(guān)的特定基因的最有力的證明。）”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)證實(shí)了鳥類身上

存在的遷徙基因。所以^BiologistsFindEvidenceofMigrationGeneinBirds（生物學(xué)家在鳥類身上發(fā)現(xiàn)遷徙基

因的證據(jù)）”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選Bo

D

Search“toxicparents”,andyou511findmorethan38,000posts,largelyurgingyoungadultstocuttieswith

theirfamilies.Theideaistosafeguardone'smentalhealthfromabusiveparents.However,asapsychoanalyst,Fve

seenthattrendinrecentyearsbecomeawaytomanageconflictsinthefamily,andIhaveseenthesevereimpacts

estrangement（疏遠(yuǎn)）hasonbothsidesofthedivide.Thisisaself-helptrendthatcreatesmuchharm.

ResearchbyKarlPillemer,aprofessoratCornellUniversity,indicatesthat1in4Americanadultshave

becomeestrangedfromtheirfamilies.Ibelievethafsanundercount,becauseothershavestoppedshortof

completelycuttingoffcontactbuthaveeffectivelybrokentheties.

“Canceling“yourparentcanbeseenasanextensionofaculturaltrendaimedatcorrectingimbalancesin

powerandsystemicinequality.Certainlythefamilyisonesysteminwhichpowerhasneverbeenbalanced.In

1933,thepsychoanalystSandorFerencziwarnedthateventhesimpleindicationthatsomeonehasmorepowerthan

wedocouldpotentiallybedamaging.

Today9ssocialjusticevaluesrespondtothisreality,callingonustocriticizeoppressiveandharmfulfigures

andtogainpowerforthosewhohavebeenpowerless.Butwhenadultchildrenusethemosteffectivetoolthey

have-themselves-togainasenseofsecurityandbantheirparentsfromtheirlives,therolesaresimplyswitched,

andthepainonlydeepens.

Often,whatIseeinmypracticearecasesoffamilyconflictmismanaged,powerdynamicsturnedupsidedown

ratherthannegotiated.Iseetheterribleeffectofthattrend;situationswithnowinners,onlyisolated（孤獨(dú)的）

humanswholongtobeknownandfeelsafeinthepresenceoftheother.

Thecatchisthatafterestrangement,adultchildrenarenotsuddenlylessdependent.Infact,theyfeel

abandonedandbetrayed,becauseintheunconscious,itdoesn'tmatterwhoisdoingtheleaving;thefeelingthat

remainsis"beingleft”.Theycarrytheghostsoftheirchildhood,tacklingtheemotionalrealitythatthosewho

raiseduscannevertrulybeleftbehind,nomatterhowhardwetry.

WhatIhavefoundisthatmostofthesefamiliesneedrepair,notpermanentbreak-up.Howelsecanonelearn

howtonegotiateneeds,tocreateboundariesandtotrust?Howelsecanweloveothers,andourselves,ifnot

throughacceptingthelimitationsthatcomewithbeinghuman?Goodrelationshipsaretheresultnotofaperfect

levelofharmonybutratherofsuccessfuladjustments.

Topursuedialogueinsteadofestrangementwillbehardandpainfulwork.Itcan'tbeasingleprojectof

“self-help“becauseattheendoftheday,realintimacy（親密關(guān)系）isachievedbyworkingthroughtheinjuriesof

thepasttogether.Inmostcasesoffamilyconflict,repairispossibleandpreferabletoestrangement-andifsworth

thework.

31.Whydoyoungpeoplecuttieswiththefamily?

A.Togainanindependentlife.

B.Torestoreharmonyinthefamily.

C.Toprotecttheirpsychologicalwell-being.

D.Tofollowatendencytowardssocialjustice.

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catch“inParagraph6mean?

A.Response.B.Problem.C.Operation.D.Emphasis.

33.Tomana