人教版高中英語選擇性必修第四冊UNIT3-Learning-About-課件

UNIT3SEAEXPLORATIONLearningAboutLanguage(2)人教版高中英語選擇性必修第四冊Reviewusefulstructures·Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassion...（S）·MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorerstosearchforsearoutesfromwesttoeast.（OC）·Here，merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals...（Ad）·Toreachoutacrossthesearemainsastrongdesiretoday.（S）·Theaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtrade...（P）·Tradinghasgrowngreatly...andwillcontinuetodosoinyearstocome.（O；Attr）·...whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.（O）·...therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore.（Attr）·...ChinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditionstoexploretheArctic.（Attr）·...thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.（Attr；Ad）·...theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.（Attr；Attr；OC）Activity1Findallthesentencescontaininginfinitivesinthereadingpassage.Thenmarktheirfunctions.1Asthesubject（S）

2Asthepredicative（P）

3Astheobject（O）4Astheobjectcomplement（OC）

5Astheattributive（Attr）6Astheadverbial（Ad）EXAMPLEItisfun/visitanaquarium/insummer→Itisfuntovisitanaquariuminsummer.（S）Activity2Jointhewordstomakesentencesusinginfinitives.Thendecidethefunctionofeachinfinitive.1He/encouragedme/participateinthesurfingcompetition→2Thestorm/seems/begettingcloser→3Magellan/wasthefirstperson/sailaroundtheworld→4TheUNpeacekeepingforce/aims/maintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts→Heencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfingcompetition.（OC）Thestormseemstobegettingcloser.（P）Magellanwasthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.（Attr）TheUNpeacekeepingforceaimstomaintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts.（O）

EXAMPLEItisfun/visitanaquarium/insummer→Itisfuntovisitanaquariuminsummer.（S）Activity2Jointhewordstomakesentencesusinginfinitives.Thendecidethefunctionofeachinfinitive.5Thecrowd/stood/applaud/scientists/fortheirimportantoceanresearchwork→6Itisagoodidea/tax/plasticbottles/sothatpeopleusethemless→7TheJiaolongmannedsubmersible/issaid/beable/reach7kmunderwater→8Itremains/beseen/whetherornothiscapsulecanwork→Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.（Ad）Itisagoodideatotaxplasticbottlessothatpeopleusethemless.（S）TheJiaolongmannedsubmersibleissaidtobeabletoreach7kmunderwater.（O；O）Itremainstobeseenwhetherornothiscapsulecanwork.（P）

Faroutintheocean，wherethewaterisasclearasglass，livestheSeaKing.Theoceanistoodeep

（measure）.Wemayimaginethereisnothingexceptyellowsand

underthesea，butactuallyitisnotrare

（see）themostuniqueflowersandplants

（dance）inthefast-movingwater.Inthedeepestspotofallstandsthe

SeaKing’scastle，whichhaswallsofcoral

andaroof

（form）ofbeautifulshells.Themotheroftheking，awisewomanwhoisproud

（be）bornintotheroyalfamily，takescareofhissixdaughters.Amongthesixsea-princesses，theyoungestistheprettiest.Althoughshehasdelicateskinlikearose-leafandeyesasblueasthedeepestsea，shehasnofeetbutafishtailjustlikehersisters.Themostcommonwayfortheprincesses

（play）alldaylongis

（swim）inthehallsofthecastleoramongtheflowersgrowingoutofthewalls，feedingandtouchingthefish

（swim）uptotheirhandsthroughthewindows.Theyseem

（notworry）aboutanything，exceptfortheyoungest，who...Activity3ReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsoftheverbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.Whatdoyouthinkhappensnext?tomeasure

toseedancingformedtohavebeen

toplayswimming/toswim

swimmingnottoworrywhowantstoseewhatlifeislikeonland.Sheswimsallthewaytothesurfaceandseesalargeship.Ittravelstowardheratgreatspeedandterrifiesher.Sheswimsbelowthesurfaceofthewaterandjustmanagestoswimawayfromthebigship.Shenowrealisesthatitisascaryworldoutsideoftheocean，andshedecidestostaywithherfamilyandfriendsunderthesea.Theyseemnottoworryaboutanything，exceptfortheyoungest，who...Completethedialogueswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinbrackets.1A:Willyourparentsbebackfromtheirholidaytomorrow?B:No,theydecided___________(extend)theirtrip.2

A:Haveyougotthetestresultonthenewmedicine?B:Yes,ithasproved___________

(be)somewhateffective,butfurthertestingremains___________

(do).3A:Wow!Ididn’texpectPete

________(be)suchagoodswimmer!B:_______________(spend)thepastsummerpractisingalmosteveryday,heisnowable___________

(swim)muchfasterthanbefore.4

A:Whathappened?Youweresupposed

_________________________(be)inBeijingbynow!B:Ioversleptandrushedtotheairport,only___________

(find)thatthecheck-incounterhadclosed.5A:Whichseasondoyoulikemost?B:Winter.Becausethecitylooksverybeautifulwhen___________

(cover)withsnow.6A:Whoisconsidered___________

(be)thefatherofthecomputer:CharlesBabbage,AlanTuring,JohnVincentAtanasoff,orJohnvonNeumann?B:Well,theyareallbelieved

_______________(make)importantcontributionstocomputerscience.Activity4(WORKBOOKP76EX.1)toextend

tobetobedone

tobeHavingspenttoswimtohavebeen（tobe）tofind

covered

tobetohavemade1Tobeornottobe,thatisthequestion.2Itisbettertogivethantotake.3You’renevertoooldtolearn.4Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.5Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.Activity5(WORKBOOKP76EX.2)Tellthefunctionoftheinfinitiveineachsentence.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.1Tobeornottobe，thatisthequestion.（S）生存還是毀滅，這是一個值得考慮的問題。2Itisbettertogivethantotake.（Ad；Ad）施比受有福。3You’renevertoooldtolearn.（Ad）活到老學到老。4Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.（S；P）什么都知道等于什么都不知道。5Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.（S；P）節(jié)約時間就是延長生命。Namedafteramythicaldragon,JiaolongisChina’sfirstmanneddeep-searesearchsubmersible.ItwasdevelopedbyChinesedesigners_________(start)from2002andenteredservicein2010,_________(make)Chinathefifthcountryintheworldwithdeep-seaexplorationtechnology.In2017,duringa138-dayexpeditionthat_________(start)inFebruary,thesubmersible’smothership,Xiangyanghong09sailednearly34,000kmintotheSouthChinaSea,thenorthwesternIndianOcean,andthenorthwesternPacificOcean.Jiaolongconducted30dives_________

(make)scientificinvestigationsand___________(collect)samples.ThesubmersiblemadefivedivesintheMarianaTrenchandtheYapTrench,bothinthewesternPacificOcean.Theseoperationshaveenabledscientists_____________________(betterunderstand)geographicalandbiologicalconditionsdeepundertheoceans.Activity6(WORKBOOKP76EX.3)Completethenewsreportbelowwiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutJiaolong?startingmakingstartedmakingcollectingtobetterunderstandRightnow,Jiaolongisundergoingmaintenancebefore_________

(start)itsnextadventure.In2020,Jiaolongwillbeginitsfirstglobaldeep-seascientificexplorationmission.Itwillhaveanewmothership,whichis_________

(name)DeepSeaNo.1.Thisgrandmissionisintended______________(strengthen)China’scapacityin_________(survey)deep-seaenvironmentsandwillincreasethenation’sinfluenceinthisfield.Activity6(WORKBOOKP76EX.3)Completethenewsreportbelowwiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutJiaolong?startingnamedtostrengthensurveyingItisnamedafteraChinesewaterdragon.ItwasdesignedbyaformerprofessoratShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity，andithasthesecond-greatestdepthrangeofanymannedresearchvehiclesin2012.1動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式的時態(tài)共有四種：一般式、進行式、完成式和完成進行式。不定式的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。具體形式如下表所示（以do為例）： 單元語法復習不定式（1）一般式（todo/tobedone）動詞不定式的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生；tobedone表示不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示動作的承受者。Isawhimgooutwiththesponsor.我看見他和贊助者出去了。（see后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］It’saprivilegetobeinvitedtoplaygolfwithyou.受邀與您一起打高爾夫球是一種榮幸。（省略的邏輯主語me與不定式是被動關系，在tobeinvited之前可以加上forme）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］（2）進行式（tobedoing）動詞不定式的進行式表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，而且正在進行。Theyaresaidtobevisitingagrandhouse.據(jù)說他們正在參觀一座大房子。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］ （3）完成式（tohavedone/tohavebeendone）動詞不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前；tohavebeendone同時還表示不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示動作的承受者。I’mverysorrytohavekeptyoufromgettingthebonus.很抱歉讓您無法獲得獎金。（keep發(fā)生在besorry之前）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］【學法點撥】“planned/hoped/expected/meant/thought/intended/promised/wanted/wished/desiredtohavedone”表示未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或計劃。Imeanttohavereadthesciencefictionlastweek.我本打算上周讀完這本科幻小說。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］（4）完成進行式（tohavebeendoing）動詞不定式的完成進行式強調(diào)不定式表示的動作從過去某一時刻起一直持續(xù)到某一時刻，強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性，不強調(diào)結(jié)果。ThechairwomanissaidtohavebeenlivinginLondonfortwentyyears.據(jù)說這位女董事長在倫敦已經(jīng)住了20年。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］ 單句語法填空（1）Myfatherhasdecided

（give）upsmoking，whichmakesusgreatlysurprised.（2）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Ihavenotimetovisitthemonument，foralotofworkremains

（do）.（3）WhenIcamein，somebabieswereasleep.Tomyamusement，littleJohnpretended

_________________（read）withhiseyeshalf-closed.（4）WhenItoldhimthegoodnews，hepretended

（hear）ofit，notlookingexcited.（5）Themanyouwanttoseeisn’there，asheseems

（fire）.Youcanfigureitoutbyaskingtheboss.（6）Thenovelistintended

（adapt）thebookforaTVplay，buthedidn’tmakeit.（7）Heissaid

（live）withhisunclesincehisparentslefthimtoworkinafarawaycity.

togivetobedone

tobereading

tohaveheardtohavebeenfiredtohaveadaptedtohavebeenliving完成句子（8）Hesaidthathesawher

（進入房間）justnow.（9）Iamglad

（帶妹妹去……）thecountry.（10）Hewouldlikehisson

（被派去工作）inabigcompany.（11）Theyseem

（在談論我），fortheystoppedatthesightofme.（12）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Allofusconsideredhim

（偷了錢），butitturnedouttobeanotherperson.（13）Theboy’sparentsaresaid

（遇害）inaseriousaccident.entertheroomtotakemysistertotobesenttoworktobetalkingaboutmetohavestolenthemoneytohavebeenkilled2動詞不定式的分類（1）帶to的動詞不定式：一般情況下，不定式要帶to。TheyarenotbuildingastatetocontinuetheconflictwithIsrael，buttoendit.他們不是在建立一個國家來繼續(xù)同以色列沖突，而是要結(jié)束這場沖突。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］（2）省略to的動詞不定式①使役動詞和感官動詞后作賓補的不定式：這類動詞有make，have，let，feel，hear，listento，see，lookat，watch，observe，notice等。但用于被動語態(tài)時，不定式要帶to。Shemakesherhusbandfetchthekidsfromschooleveryday.→Herhusbandismadetofetchthekidsfromschooleveryday.她讓丈夫每天從學校接孩子。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］【學法點撥】巧記后接不帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞一感：feel二聽：hear，listento三讓：make，have，let五看：see，lookat，watch，observe，notice半幫助：help（to可帶可不帶）

（2）wouldratherdo...thando...寧愿……也不愿……Iwouldrathergotoworkinthesupermarketthantakeovermyfather’scompany.我寧愿去超市工作也不愿接管我父親的公司。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］（3）Whydo...?為什么做某事呢？（表示不滿或委婉的批評）Whynotdo...?為什么不做某事呢？（表示建議）Whybreaktheappointmentonpurpose?為什么故意不赴約？［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Whynotsuspendthenewsystem?為什么不暫緩新制度？［詞匯復現(xiàn)］（4）cannotbut/cannotchoosebut/cannothelpbutdo...只好，不得不Icannotchoosebutadoptmyniece’sadviceatpresent.眼下我別無選擇只得采納我侄女的建議。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］（5）介詞but，except后的動詞不定式：如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do或do的某種形式，那么這些介詞后的不定式省略to，否則要帶to。Thepremiercoulddonothingbutappointacommitteetoconsidertheplans.總理除了安排一個委員會去考慮這些計劃外別無選擇。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Ihavenochoicebuttotakeupatemporaryjob.我別無選擇，只能從事一份臨時工作。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］ （6）并列不定式：當多個動詞不定式具有同樣的功能時，to只用在第一個不定式之前，以避免重復。Theboydecidedtostayinthebakeryandworkhardasbefore.這個男孩決定留在面包店里，像以前一樣努力工作。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］（7）hadbetter（not）dosth.最好（別）做某事Ithinkyouhadbetterstopshoutingsuchslogans.我認為你們最好別喊這樣的口號。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］（8）主語部分有do時，作表語的動詞不定式可以省略to，也可不省略。Allyouneedtodois（to）testoutthesystem.您需要做的就是測試這個系統(tǒng)。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］ 【學法點撥】動詞不定式中動詞的省略：在expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，forget，want，try以及beafraid，beglad，behappy，wouldlike，wouldlove等后面，為避免重復，動詞不定式常常省略，只保留不定式符號to，tohave或tohavebeen（be不省略）。Ihaven’tconductedaninterview，butIwishto（conductaninterview）.我沒主持過面試，但我希望（去主持）?！狣idyougototheparty?你去參加聚會了嗎？—No，I’dliketohave（gonetotheparty），butIwasbusy.沒，我想去，但我那時太忙了。—Didtheteacherpraiseyou?老師表揚你了嗎？—No，butI’dliketohavebeen（praised）.沒有，但我想（被表揚）。

單句語法填空（1）Don’tforget

（give）yourstudentsalittleencouragementatanytime.（2）Thepoliceobservedaman

（go）intothebanktenminutesago. （3）Amanwasobserved

（go）intothebanktenminutesago.（4）Iwouldratherbecomeasalesman

workinthatfactory.（5）Whynot

（turn）offthelightwhenyousleep，sinceyoucan’tfallasleepwhenthelightison?（6）Ican’thelp

wonderiftheseconsumerswillbuymostofthegoodsbeingadvertised.（7）Wecouldn’tdoanythingbut

（watch）himbeingputinprison.togivegotogothanturnbutwatch（8）Wehadnochoicebut

（watch）himbeingputinprison.（9）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Whatthegovernmenthastodois

（declare）astateofemergency.（10）Therewillbenoproblemsaslongasyoudoastheteachertellsyou

.（11）MysisterlikestobeathomewhileIwouldnotliketo

.（12）IforgottoclosethewindowbutIreallyhopedto

，astheraindestroyedoneofmyfavoritebooks.（13）Lilywasupsetthatshewasn’tinvitedtotheparty.Meanwhile，Iwasgladtohave

. towatch（to）declaretobehavebeen完成句子（14）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Herefused

（買詞典）withaleathercover.（15）WhenI

（注意到他們進來），Istoodupimmediatelyandgavethemawarmwelcome.（16）I

（寧愿解決）myproblemsalonethanaskhimforhelp.（17）I

（只好）agreetohisdecision.（18）Thebosshadnochoicebut

（解雇他）.（19）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Iwouldnotlike

（接管）thecompanyand____________

（失去自由）.（20）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Youhadbetter

（不要傳播謠言）. tobuyadictionarynoticedthemcomeinwouldrathersolvecannot（choose/help）buttodismiss/firehimtotakeoverlosefreedom

notspreadtherumour 3動詞不定式的句法功能（1）作主語（常用it作形式主語）Tomakefunofthedisabledisnotright.嘲笑殘疾人是不對的。Itisridiculoustoimaginethattherecoverywillbequickandeasy.認為會迅速輕易地恢復的想法是荒謬的。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］（2）作賓語①常接不定式作賓語的動詞：decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope，refuse，manage，wish，pretend，offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask，help等。Thestrongmanmanagedtopulloutthetreetrunk.那個壯漢把樹干拔了出來。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］②復合結(jié)構(gòu)中常用it作形式賓語，不定式（短語）放在賓語補足語之后。常接這樣復合結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有6個：make，feel，find，consider，believe，think。Thedogfounditdifficulttojumpoverthefence.這條狗發(fā)現(xiàn)很難跳過這道籬笆。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］ ③不定式作賓語與動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別regrettodosth.遺憾要去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已做過某事remembertodosth.記得要做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事Iregrettosaythatyoufailedtoobtainadrivinglicense.Youmustberegrettingnottrainingmore.我很遺憾地告訴你，你沒有獲得駕駛執(zhí)照。你一定后悔沒有多訓練。

meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事can’thelp（to）dosth.不能幫著做某事can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事trytodosth.努力/企圖做某事trydoingsth.試著做某事（3）作賓語補足語和主語補足語Heaskedmetohelphimlearnbiology.（賓語補足語）→Iwasaskedtohelphimlearnbiology.（主語補足語）他請我?guī)椭麑W習生物。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］believe/considersb.tohavedonesth.（賓補）認為某人做了某事bebelieved/consideredtohavedonesth.（主補）被認為做了某事besaid/reportedtohavedonesth.（主補）據(jù)說/據(jù)報道做了某事 （4）作定語①如果作定語的不定式是不及物動詞，或被修飾詞是不定式動作發(fā)生的地點或借助的工具時，不定式后面要有相應的介詞；如果不定式所修飾的名詞是time，place或way時，不定式后面的介詞習慣上省去。Jackisapleasantfellowtoworkwith.杰克是個很好共事的人。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive（in）.他沒有錢，也沒有地方住。

②被修飾詞前有thefirst/second/last/very/only時常用不定式作定語。Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelasttoleave.她總是第一個來而最后一個走。③下列名詞后常用不定式作定語，說明名詞的內(nèi)容：decision，chance，plan，ability，right（權(quán)利），way等。I’msureofhisabilitytocopewiththis.我肯定他有能力應對此事。④tobedone作定語多表將來的被動動作（將要被）Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天開的會很重要。 （5）作狀語（表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等）

Sheresignedherpositiontolookafterherchildren.為了照顧孩子，她辭去了工作。（表目的）Toenjoyamorespectacularsight，youmustclimbtoagreaterheight.欲窮千里目，更上一層樓。（表目的）Thecandidatereachedthecompany，onlytofindtheinterviewover.那個申請人到達了公司，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)面試已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。（表出乎意料的結(jié)果）Wewereinhighspiritstohearthewordsofourteacher’sencourage-ment.聽到老師鼓勵的話，我們情緒高漲。（表原因）【學法點撥】（1）不定式todo表目的，可以放在句子中間，可以用inorderto和soasto代替表示強調(diào)；也可放在句首，此時只可以用inorderto代替表強調(diào)。（2）不定式作結(jié)果狀語常與only連用，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示句子內(nèi)容導致的自然而然的結(jié)果。Theglassfelltotheground，breakingintopieces.玻璃杯掉在地上，摔成碎片。 （6）作表語Myjobistomakeleatherboots.我的工作是制作皮靴。（說明主語的內(nèi)容）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Thenewrobotistobetestedoutnextweek.新機器人將于下周進行測試。（不定式表將來）（7）作獨立成分（作句子狀語）totellthetruth說實話tobeexact確切地說toconclude總而言之tobefrank坦白地說tobebrief簡言之tobegin/startwith首先tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是Totellyouthetruth，yourclaimisquiteabsurd.說實話，你的要求很荒謬。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］

【學法點撥】疑問詞+不定式“who/which/when/where/how/what+todo”在句中起名詞的作用，可充當主語、賓語、表語等。Howtoarousethestudents’interestinlabourisveryimportant.如何激發(fā)學生的勞動興趣很重要。（作主語）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Iknowwheretofindtheyoungmanwhobehaveswithintegrity.我知道到哪里去找那個行為正直的年輕人。（作賓語）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Thequestioniswhentoraisethesalary.問題是什么時候漲工資。（作表語）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］單句語法填空（1）［2020?新高考全國Ⅰ卷］Theobjectiveofmostspeechesis

（benefit）theaudience.（2）［2020?天津卷］Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesire

（explore）.

（3）［2020?全國Ⅲ卷］Ourtouralsoincludesachance

（walk）inthefootstepsofVanGoghandGauguin.（4）［2020?全國Ⅰ卷］Nothingistoosmall

（celebrate）.（5）［2020?全國Ⅰ卷］Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry

（land）aspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.（6）Toclimbthemountainishardworkbut

isgreatfuntogodownthemountain.（7）

（make）upforlosttimeisimpossible，soitisnecessarytotreasureeverysecondinyourlife.（8）I’mveryhappythatmyfatherhaspromised

（go）divingwhenthesummerholidayvacationcomes.（9）Hemade

aruletoreadEnglishaloudeverymorning. tobenefit

句意：大多數(shù)演講的目的都是使聽眾受益。toexplore句意：偉大來自持久的探索欲望。towalk

句意：我們的旅行還包括一次跟隨凡·高和高更腳步的機會。tocelebrate句意：沒有什么小事不值得慶祝。toland

句意：中國已成為首個將宇宙飛船著陸在月球遠側(cè)的國家。itTomaketogoit（10）Ihadmeant

（go）toLondon.Missingthisflightmeans

（wait）anothertwohours.（11）Theteacherencouragesus

（study）hardeverydaywithencouragingwords.（12）Hewastheonlyperson

（know）thetruth，buttooursadness，hewaskilledintheconflictwitharudethief.（13）Ifyouthinkthedecisionwasimproper，youhavetheright

（appeal）toahighercourt.（14）Thesystemhastheability

（run）morethanoneprogramatthesametime.（15）Thebuilding

（build）nextyearwillbeusedasadormitorybuildingforstudents.（16）Shegavehimsomemoney

（let）himleaveatonce.（17）Wehurriedtothestation，only

（tell）thatthetrainhadleft.（18）Hisambitionis

（set）upschoolsforchildrenofpoorfamilies. togowaitingtostudytoknowtoappealtoruntobebuilttolettobetoldtoset（19）Aftergraduation，myelderbrotherchose

（出國）forfurtherstudy.（20）Everystudentintheclassconsiderithisorherownresponsibility

___________________________（保持教室清潔）.（21）Seeingmytiredmother，I

（禁不住感到）sad.Meanwhile，I

（不能幫著做）thehousework.（22）Visitors

（不允許）takephotographs.（23）Thebanisreported

（被搶劫）ofalargeamountofcash.（24）Pleasegivemeaknife

（用來切東西）.（25）EverybodythinksLilyisthelastperson

（考試作弊）. togoabroadtokeeptheclassroomcleancouldn’thelpfeelingcouldn’thelp（to）doarenotpermitted/allowedto

tohavebeenrobbedtocutwithtocheatintheexam（26）Hemadeeveryefforttogetthechance

（提升）andfinallyachievedhisdream.（27）Thequestion

（將在會上討論的）tomorrowisveryimportant.（28）

（為了讓）himleaveatonce，shegavehimsomemoney.（29）Hesaidquietlythathecamehere

（為了跟我道別）.（30）

（坦白地說），Ireallyworriedaboutthis.（31）

（簡言之），theymustunderstandtheimportanceofteachingandspendmoretimewiththeirchildren.（32）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Whatisthemostimportantis

（怎樣阻止）therumourfromspreading.

tobepromoted

tobediscussedatthemeetingTolet/Inordertoletto/inorderto/soastosaygoodbyetomeTobefrankTobebriefhowtostop/keep/prevent4動詞不定式的主動形式表被動意義（1）不定式作定語，與被修飾詞是被動關系，但與其邏輯主語，即句子主語，是主動關系。今天我們有很多工作要做。Wehavealotofworktodotoday.（強調(diào)“做”是否由主語we完成）Wehavealotofworktobedonetoday.（不強調(diào)“做”是否由主語we完成）（2）

be+性質(zhì)形容詞+todo動詞+賓語+性質(zhì)形容詞+todoThewaterisnotsuitabletodrink.這水不適合喝。Theteachermadethequestioneasytoanswer.老師使這個問題容易回答。

（3）

betoblame應負責任，該受責備betolet出租Theyoungmanfelthewastoblameforthistrafficaccident.那個年輕人覺得他應對這起交通事故負責任。Thiscaristolet.此車出租。（4）with復合結(jié)構(gòu)Withalotofworktodo，Iwon’tgoout.有這么多工作要做，我不會出去。（do與work之間為被動關系，但與其邏輯主語，即句子主語I，是主動關系）（5）“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)Wedon’tknowwhattoexpect.我們不知道會發(fā)生什么。（expect與what之間為被動關系，但與其邏輯主語，即句子主語we，是主動關系）【學法點撥】當不定式的邏輯主語不清楚或不是句子的主語時，主動和被動結(jié)構(gòu)都可用，而且在語意上并沒有多大區(qū)別。Thereismuchtodo/tobedonewhentheprimeministertakesoffice.首相上任后有很多事情要做。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］

單句語法填空（1）Hehasasister

（look）after，whichtakesupalargeamountofenergy.（2）Hedidn’tknowthefactthattheairisdifficult

（breathe）athighaltitudes.（3）Hetoldmethathisfriend’shousewas

（let）andthathewas

（blame）forthedelay.（4）Heistheveryman

（choose）forthework.完成句子（5）Whenintrouble，healwaysdependsonhim-self，ashehasnofriends

___________________（依靠）.（6）WearegladthatcomputersmakeEnglish

（容易學）.（7）

（有很多錢花），theboywasspoiled，whichmadehisparents’heartbroken.（8）Theyhaveexperiencesotheyknow

（要期待什么）.tolooktobreathetolettoblametochoose/tobechosentodependoneasytolearnWithmuchmoneytospendwhattoexpectLanguagepoints教材原句p.29 Heencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfingcompetition.

他鼓勵我參加沖浪比賽。1participatein參與，參加（=takepartin）Ahandfulofstudentsinourclassparticipatedactivelyinbungeejumping.我們班有幾個學生積極參加了蹦極運動。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］【詞語辨析】不一樣的“參加”：participatein/takepartinthesportsmeeting參加運動會jointhearmy/League/Party參軍/入團/入黨joinintheconversation/discussion參與交談/討論attendthemeeting/ceremony/wedding出席會議/出席典禮/參加婚禮attendschool/class上學/上課I’msureyou’llalljoinmeinwishingTedandLauraaveryhappymarriage.我相信大家會愿意與我一起共祝特德和勞拉喜結(jié)良緣。【詞語積累】participantn.參與者，參加者participationn.參與，參加 題組練·領悟方法核心詞匯選詞填空（participatein/join/attend）①Thoughdisabled，heoften

somesocialactivitiesinthecommunity.②Tohissatisfaction，hisson

thenavyintheend.③Themeetingisonthefifthandwe’rehopingeveryonewill

.單句語法填空④Ifpossible，morepeopleshouldparticipate

elections.⑤Hehasbeenanactive

（participate）inthediscussion.⑥Abackinjurypreventedmyactive

（participate）inanysportsforawhile.participatesinjoinedattendinparticipantparticipation教材原句p.29 Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.

人們起立為科學家們重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。

2applaudvt.&vi.（1）vt.&vi.鼓掌Hebegantoapplaud，buttheotherssteppedbackwards.他開始鼓掌，但其他人都后退了。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Everyoneapplaudedhimwhenhefinallygothisdrivinglicense.他終于獲得了駕駛執(zhí)照，大家都為他鼓掌。［詞匯復現(xiàn)］（2）vt.稱贊；贊賞搭配：applaudsb.forsth.為某事稱贊某人Doyouexpectmetoapplaudhisinaction?你以為我會對他的不作為拍手叫好嗎?［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Theteacherapplaudedhimforhiscalculating