unit-7-culture-and-customs英文課件講解

Unit7CultureandCustomsWhatisculture?Culturecanbedefinedasallthewaysoflifeincludingarts,beliefsandinstitutionsofapopulationthatarepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Itincludescodesofmanners,dress,language,religion,rituals,normsofbehaviorsuchaslawandmorality,andsystemsofbeliefaswellastheart.DiscussionWhileyouarelearningalanguage,isitimportantforyoutolearnabouttheculturesgowithit?Explain?QuotationsCultureisbutthefinefloweringofrealeducation,anditisthetrainingofthefeeling,thetastesandthemannersthatmakesitso.Cultureisnotonlythepositiveresultofmeaningfuleducation,butalsotheresultsofpeople’sfeeling,judgmentsaboutthingsandwaysofbehaving.Cultureiseverything.Cultureisthewaywedress,thewaywecarryourheads,thewaywewalk,thewaywetieourties----itisnotonlythefactofwritingbooksorbuildinghouses.Cultureisnotonlyreflectedinbooksandarchitectures,butalsoinourclothing,gesturesasheadmovementsandposturesasthewaywewalkandsoon.Menaresoinclinedtocontentthemselveswithwhatiscommonest;thespiritandthesensessoeasilygrowdeadtotheimpressionsofthebeautifulandperfect,thateveryoneshouldstudy,byallmethods,tonourishinhismindthefacultyoffeelingthisthings….Forthisreason,oneoughteverydayatleast,tohearalittlesong,readagoodpoem,seeafinepicture,and,ifitwerepossible,tospeakafewreasonablewords.Peoplearetendingtobesatisfiedwiththemostordinarythingsaroundthem,theymakefewimpressionsofthebeautifulandperfectthingsinmind,thoughtheyshouldappreciatethosetokeeptheirfeelingsalive.Therefore,everyoneoughttodoatleastonething,suchashearingalittlesong,seeingabeautifulpicture,ofevenspeakingafewreasonablewords.Readingone:CultureandFoodHabitsStructurePart1(para1):differenteatinghabitspatternedbyculturePart2(para2-4):threestagesofdevelopmentPart3(para5-7):reasonsfordifferentculturepatternsofgettingfoodStructurepart1(para1):theimprotanceofthestudyoftimeperceptionpart2(para2-6):timeperceptionfromapracticalperspectivepart3(para7):timeperceptionfromatheoreticalperspectiveReadingthree:AdaptingtotheNewWorldCultureshock:Thefeelingofdisorientationorconfusionthatcanoccurwhenapersonleavesafamiliarplaceandmovestoanunfamiliarone.PhasesofcultureshockTheshock(ofmovingtoaforeigncountry)oftenconsistsofdistinctphases,thoughnoteveryonepassesthroughthesephasesandnoteveryoneisinthenewculturelongenoughtopassthroughallthree:HoneymoonPhase-Duringthisperiodthedifferencesbetweentheoldandnewcultureareseeninaromanticlight,wonderfulandnew.Forexample,inmovingtoanewcountry,anindividualmightlovethenewfoods,thepaceofthelife,thepeople'shabits,thebuildingsandsoon.Duringthefirstfewweeksmostpeoplearefascinatedbythenewculture.Theyassociatewiththenationalsthatspeaktheirlanguageandarepolitetotheforeigners.Thisperiodisfullofobservationsandnewdiscoveries.Likemanyhoneymoonsthisstageeventuallyends.[2]

NegotiationPhase-Aftersometime(usuallyweeks),differencesbetweentheoldandnewculturebecomeapparentandmaycreateanxiety.Onemaylongforfoodthewayitispreparedinone'snativecountry,mayfindthepaceoflifetoofastorslow,mayfindthepeople'shabitsannoying,disgusting,andirritatingetc.Thisphaseisoftenmarkedbymoodswingscausedbyminorissuesorwithoutapparentreason.Thisiswhereexcitementturnstodisappointmentandmoreandmoredifferencesstarttooccur.[3]Depressionisnotuncommon.AdjustmentPhase-Again,aftersometime(usually6–12months),onegrowsaccustomedtothenewcultureanddevelopsroutines.Oneknowswhattoexpectinmostsituationsandthehostcountrynolongerfeelsallthatnew.Onebecomesconcernedwithbasiclivingagain,andthingsbecomemore"normal".Onestartstodevelopproblem-solvingskillsfordealingwiththeculture,andbeginstoaccepttheculturewayswithapositiveattitude.Theculturebeginstomakesense,andnegativereactionsandresponsestotheculturearereduced.Reachingthisstagerequiresaconstructiveresponsetocultureshockwitheffectivemeansofadaption.ReverseCultureShockAlso,ReverseCultureShockmaytakeplace—returningtoone'shomecultureaftergrowingaccustomedtoanewonecanproducethesameeffectsasdescribedabove.Thisresultsfromthepsychosomaticandpsychologicalconsequencesofthereadjustmentprocesstotheprimaryculture.Theaffectedpersonoftenfindsthismoresurprisinganddifficulttodealwiththantheoriginalcultureshock.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthealiencultureatfirst?WhydoAmericanshavehighratesofheartattacksandobesity?WhyisdivorceratelowerinKoreathaninAmerica?WhatdoKoreansandAmericanshaveincommon?What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsculturaldifferencesatlast?StructurePart1(para1):ItisdifficulttoadjusttoAmericanculture.Part2(para2-5):ThreedifferencesbetweenAmericanandKoreanculturearelisted.Part3(para6):KoreansandAmericanshavemuchincommon.ThethreedifferencesLanguageFoodMarriageThewritingtechnique:

comparison&contrastAcomparisonexplainshowthingsaresimilar.Acontrastshowshowthingsaredifferent.TheprinciplesneededtobefollowedOnlyitems(usuallytwo)ofthesamegeneralclasscanbecompared/contrasted.Acomparison/contrastessayusuallyfollowsoneofthesetwopatterns:thesubject-by-subjectpatternorthepoint-to-pointpattern.Thecomparison/contrastshouldbebalanced;thetwoitemsaretobegivenequaltreatment.Subject-by-subjectpatternThesisstatement:XisabetterschoolthenY.1.XA.studentbodyB.teachingstaffC.libraryandotherfacilitiesD.campus2.YA.studentbodyB.teachingstaffC.libraryandotherfacilitiesD.campusPoint-by-pointpattern1.studentbodyA.XB.Y2.teachingstaffA.XB.Y3.libraryandotherfacilitiesA.XB.Y4,campusA.XB.YSometransitionsusedincomparisonBoth,each,atthesametime,similarly,like,likewise,as,too,also,comparedwith.SometransitionsusedincontrastOntheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast(with/to),instead(of),theopposite(of),unlike,although,while,whereas,but,however,yet,neverthelessGaryFayeLocke(TraditionalChinese:駱家輝)anAmericanpoliticianandthecurrentUnitedStatesAmbassadortoChinaLockewasthe21stGovernorofWashington,servingfrom1997to2005.HewasthefirstgovernorofastateintheContinentalUnitedStatesofAsiandescent,andistheonlyChineseAmericanevertoserveasagovernor.

HewasthenappointedbyPresidentBarackObamaasUnitedStatesSecretaryofCommercewhichheservedasuntilAugust1,2011,whenPresidentObamaappointedLockeAmbassadortoChina.Readingfour:TheStruggletoBeanAllAmericanGirlDoesthewritersucceedindistinguishherselffromothersinChinatown?ParaphraseForcibly,shewalkedusthesevenlong,hillyblocksfromourhometoschool,depositingourdefianttearfulfacesbeforethesternprincipal.Shewouldaccompanyusacrossthesevenlong,hillyblocksandputusbeforetheserious-lookingprincipalthoughwewereunwillingancrying.Moretimesthannot,IhadtriedtodisassociatemyselffromthenaggingloudvoicethatfollowedaftermewhenIwaswalkingaroundcasuallyinthenearbyAmericansupermarketoutsideChinatown.VeryoftenItriedtoavoidbeingconnectedtomyannoying,loudgrandmotherwhofollowedaftermewhenIwaswalkingaroundcasuallyinthenearbyAmericansupermarketoutsideChinatown.Hewasespeciallyhardonmymother,criticizingher,oftencruelly,forherpidginspeech----smatteringsofChinesescatteredlikeshopsueyinherconversation.HetreatedmymotherseverelyandunkindlyandveryoftencriticizedhersubstandardEnglishwhichwasmixedwithChinese.Whenhetrippedoverhisowntongue,he’dblameitonher.WhenhemadeamistakeinEnglish,hewouldblameitonhismother.J.D.Salinger.anAmericanauthor,bestknownforhis1951novelTheCatcherintheRye,theonlynovelhehashadpublished,aswellasforhisreclusivenature.Hehasnotpublishedanewworksince1965andhasnotbeeninterviewedsince1980.ReadingSalonTheCatcherintheRyeisfirstpublishedintheUnitedStatesin1951,thenovelhasbeenafrequentlychallengedbookinitshomecountryforitsliberaluseofprofanityandportrayalofsexualityandteenageangst.Originallypublishedforadults,thenovelhasbecomeacommonpartofhighschoolandcollegecurriculathroughouttheEnglish-speakingworld;ithasalsobeentranslatedintoalmostalloftheworld'smajorlanguages.Around250,000copiesaresoldeachyear,withtotalsalesofmorethan65million.ThenovelwaschosenbyTimemagazineasoneofthe100bestEnglish-languagenovelsfrom1923to2005.Thenovel'sprotagonist,HoldenCaulfield,hasbecomeaniconforteenagerebellionanddefiance.Writteninthefirstperson,TheCatcherintheRyefollowsHolden'sexperiencesinNewYorkCityinthedaysfollowinghisexpulsionfromPenceyPrep,acollegepreparatoryschool.TheGrapesofWrathbyJohnSteinbeckJohnSteinbeck(February27,1902—December20,1968)wasoneofthebest-knownandmostwidelyreadAmericanwritersofthe20thcentury.HewrotethePulitzerPrize-winningnovelTh