高考英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)

英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考點(diǎn)

2021/5/91時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)1、考查在語(yǔ)境中判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、過(guò)去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過(guò)去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、過(guò)去將來(lái)等。2、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問(wèn)題。3、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。4、及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5、系動(dòng)詞的用法特點(diǎn)。6、某些以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞的用法。2021/5/92

時(shí)態(tài)共有四種體（form）:完成體、一般體、進(jìn)行體和完成進(jìn)行體。時(shí)間(time)也有四種：現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)。2021/5/93最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配一般現(xiàn)在every…,sometimes,

at…,onSunday現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行now,現(xiàn)在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般過(guò)去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow過(guò)去進(jìn)行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while過(guò)去完成…before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般將來(lái)next…,tomorrow,in…過(guò)去將來(lái)多用在間接引語(yǔ)中表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作以后的動(dòng)作2021/5/9416種時(shí)態(tài)

一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)

過(guò)去將來(lái)

study/studiesam（is,are）studyinghave(has)studiedhave(has)beenstudyingstudiedwas(were)studyinghadstudiedhadbeenstudyingwill(shall)studywill(shall)bestudying

will(shall)havestudiedwill(shall)havebeenstudyingwould(should)studywould(should)bestudyingwould(should)havestudied

would(should)havebeenstudying

2021/5/951．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特點(diǎn)：表慣性動(dòng)作、表目前狀態(tài)、表真理或(已故)重要人物的觀點(diǎn)、表將來(lái)、表傳媒或藝術(shù)作品的現(xiàn)時(shí)性等。Everybodyeats,drinks,andsleepseveryday.(表慣性動(dòng)作)Thepooroldladyalwaystellsusthesamestoryeverytimeshemeetsus.(表慣性動(dòng)作)Theoldfolkliveinthedistantarea.(表目前狀態(tài))Timeandtidewaitfornoman.(表真理)I’llshowyouthepicturethemomentyoucome.(表將來(lái))CaoXueqinistheauthorofthegreatnovel,“TheRedMansion”.（表藝術(shù)作品的現(xiàn)時(shí)性）Whendothetrainsleave?（表將來(lái)）1：I_____ping-pongballquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.

A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play(答案：D)2：TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle___theyknowaboutGerman.

A.haveB.didC.hadD.do(答案：D)

/'m?n?(?)n/

大廈；宅邸

2021/5/962．一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特點(diǎn)：表過(guò)去時(shí)段的慣性動(dòng)作、代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)（在部分狀語(yǔ)從句中）、表過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)段的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作等。WhenMarywasinEngland,sheoftenwenttotheMuseum.

(表過(guò)去時(shí)段的慣性動(dòng)作)Hetoldmethattheywouldnotgooutforswimmingifitrainedtomorrow.(代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))FatherusedtotellusastoryaftersupperwhenmybrotherandIwereyoung.(強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比)1：I_____younottomovemydictionary－nowIcan’tfindit.

A.askedB.askC.wasaskingD.hadasked(答案：A)

2：Mymindwasn’tonwhathewassayingsoI’mafraidI_____halfofit.

A.wasmissingB.hadmissedC.willmissD.missed(答案：D)

2021/5/973．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn):表正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、表將來(lái)、表情緒色彩、表現(xiàn)階段發(fā)生的慣性動(dòng)作等。頻度副詞always,constantly,continually和forever等和進(jìn)行時(shí)連用時(shí)，給現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的動(dòng)作披上一層感情色彩，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行。表示討厭、不滿，帶有埋怨情緒，指責(zé)某人一貫的行徑，如：Heisforeverboasting.他老愛(ài)說(shuō)大話。表示稱贊對(duì)方一貫表現(xiàn)的，如：Youarealwaysdoingwell.你總是干得很不錯(cuò)。It’snowrainingoutside.(表正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)LiuHuanisgivingapopconcertinBeijingnextmonth.(表將來(lái))Youarealwaysforgettingmyname!(表情緒色彩)Heiswalkingupanddowntheroom.（表現(xiàn)階段發(fā)生的慣性動(dòng)作）

1：—Areyoustillbusy?

—Yes,I______mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.

A．justfinishB．a(chǎn)mjustfinishing

C．havejustfinishedD．a(chǎn)mjustgoingtofinish(答案：B)2：Becausetheshop_____,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.

A.hascloseddownB.closeddown

C.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown(答案：C)

2021/5/98用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.

Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.

注意比較It’stimethat…結(jié)構(gòu)：

Itishightimethatwewenttoschool.2021/5/992）Thisisthe…that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.

這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。

Thisisthefirsttime(that)I’veheardhimsing.

這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。2021/5/910典型例題

(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?

---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.

A.was

B.havebeen

C.came

D.amcoming(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?

---No,it’sthefirsttimeI___here.

A.even,come

B.even,havecome

C.ever,come

D.ever,havecome

注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。

（錯(cuò)）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.

（對(duì)）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.BD2021/5/9114．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn):表過(guò)去某時(shí)刻的正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、表過(guò)去某階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、表示對(duì)比或原因。Shewasdoingherhomeworkwhenhermothercamehomeafterworkintheevening.(表過(guò)去某時(shí)刻的正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)Hewaswritinganovellastmonth.(表過(guò)去某階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)Tomsaidthathewasgoingforthepicnicontheriverside.(代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))1：－WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?

－Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_____totakeashower.

A.hadstartedB.started

C.havestartedD.wasstarting(答案：D)2：—What’swrongwithyourcoat?

—JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,themannexttome_____onit.

A.satB.hadsat

C.hadbeensittingD.wassitting(答案：D)

2021/5/9125．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的特點(diǎn)：表純粹將來(lái)(一定會(huì)做)、表計(jì)劃將來(lái)（打算去做）、表意愿將來(lái)（愿意去做）等。SeniorBushwillretirefromhisworknextyear.(表純粹將來(lái))Thegraduatesaretogobacktocollegenextweek.(表計(jì)劃將來(lái))Iwillloveyoutilltheendoftime.(表意愿將來(lái))1：---You’veleftthelighton.

---Oh,soIhave._____andturnitoff.

A．I'llgoB．I'vegoneC．IgoD．I'mgoing(答案：A)2：－DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?

－Oh,no,Iforgot.I______hernow.

A．willbecallingB．willcall

C．callD．a(chǎn)mtocall(答案：B)

2021/5/9136．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn):表業(yè)已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)、在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中表將來(lái)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)、用于某些特殊的句型或結(jié)構(gòu)。a)注意標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)問(wèn)題（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可分為兩種：其一為精確性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：for,inthepast/lastyear,since等；其二為模糊性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):before,now,today,recently,lately,already等等。）b)另外還要注意動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間分類問(wèn)題（瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配問(wèn)題）Mr.SmithhastaughtEnglishfornearlythirtyyears.(表某一動(dòng)作的延續(xù)至說(shuō)話時(shí)止)Don’tgetoffthetrainuntilithasstopped.(表將來(lái))ThisisthebestbeerthatIhavedrunk.(特殊結(jié)構(gòu))ItisthesecondtimethatIhavecometoEngland.(特殊句型)2021/5/9141：Thecoffeeiswonderful!Itdoesn’ttastelikeanythingI_____before.

A．washavingB．have

C．haveeverhadD．hadeverhad(答案：C)2:Morepatients_____inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.

A.treatedB.havetreated

C.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated(答案：D)

3:Yearsagowedidn'tknowthis,butrecentscience_____thatpeoplewhodon'tsleepwellsoongetill.

A.showedB.hasshown

C.willshowD.isshowing(答案：B)

2021/5/9157．過(guò)去完成時(shí):對(duì)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的理解可有兩種：過(guò)去完成時(shí)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)是過(guò)去時(shí)的過(guò)去時(shí)。

▲過(guò)去完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)問(wèn)題：由by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，部分適合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)（nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等）。Hehadreceivedaheavyslapbeforeherealizedwhathadhappened.（過(guò)去時(shí)的過(guò)去時(shí)）Theheadmastertoldusthathehadalreadyknowntheaccident.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的過(guò)去時(shí))1：Hekeptlookingather,wonderingwhetherhe_____hersomewhere.

A.sawB.hasseenC.seesD.hadseen(答案：D)2：Hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparents_____thattheywon’tsupporthimunlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank.

A．weredecidingB．havedecided

C．decidedD．willdecide(答案：B)

2021/5/9168．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài):在英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)，語(yǔ)態(tài)共有10種時(shí)態(tài)，但高考中考查通常只有在完成體和一般體中，進(jìn)行體的被動(dòng)形式較少考到，例如，今年全部試題中僅一例。1：Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople____toeatmorefruitandvegetables.

A.persuadeB.willpersuade

C.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded(答案：D)2：Millionsofpounds'worthofdamage_____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.

A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencaused

C.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused(答案：A)

2021/5/9179．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)很難成為獨(dú)立的考點(diǎn)，通常只能和時(shí)態(tài)或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞聯(lián)合考查。因此，講被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能不提到非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。從時(shí)間的角度講，-ing形式和–ed形式可稱為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞，而從語(yǔ)態(tài)的角度講，-ing形式和–ed形式則可稱為主動(dòng)分詞和被動(dòng)分詞。被動(dòng)分詞就經(jīng)常成為考點(diǎn)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與動(dòng)詞不定式的關(guān)系這里從略。1：Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.

A．carryoutB．carryingout

C．carriedoutD．tocarryout(答案：C)2：TheOlympicGames,______in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.

A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayed

C.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying(答案：C)3：_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

A.Losing

B.HavinglostC.Lost

D.Tolose(答案：C)

2021/5/91810．主動(dòng)的形式表被動(dòng)的意義:在英語(yǔ)中，有些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)可以是主動(dòng)的形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意義。其一，在動(dòng)詞need,want,require等動(dòng)詞之后，可接-ing形式表被動(dòng)的意義。Thebicyclerequiresrepairing.(=toberepaired)

其二，在句型Itisworthdoing中，-ing形式表被動(dòng)之意。例如Thisfilmisworthseeing.其三，在形容詞easy,hard,difficult,good,nice,pleasant,interesting,fit等之后，其動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。例如：Thewaterhereisfittodrink.

其四，有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。例如：let,write,wear,run,begin,shut,read,sell,wash,record,open等動(dòng)詞是以不及物而表被動(dòng)。ThenewbookoftheformerpresidentofAmericaBillClintonsellsverywell.Yourpenreallywritessmoothly.1：---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?

---Oh,excellent.It’sworth_____asecondtime.

A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread(答案：C)

2021/5/91911．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與部分動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ):在英語(yǔ)中，有些動(dòng)詞永無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而這一點(diǎn)是中國(guó)學(xué)生最感不能接受的。例如：happen,remain,breakout,takeplace,occur等。另外，幾個(gè)知覺(jué)類的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞亦無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即：look,feel,sound,smell,taste等。Tastingnice,thefruitisfromVietName.(不能用tasted)Afirebrokeoutinthefactorywhereheonceworked.（不用wasbrokenout）

12．被動(dòng)的形式表主動(dòng)的意義：有些動(dòng)詞由于能接反身代詞，因此，可用被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)的意義。此類形式更多地用于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查中，這里作為應(yīng)掌握的形式列出。例如：devote,surprise,seat,hide,station,lost,dress等Hewasdevotedtohiswork.LittleFranzsawmanyvillagersseatedatthebackoftheclassroom.

2021/5/9204、狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題高考題點(diǎn)擊：1.---CanIjointheclub,Dad?---Youcanwhenyou_____abitolder.(94N)A.get B.willget C.aregetting D.willhavegot說(shuō)明：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有將來(lái)時(shí)，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)。A2021/5/9212.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey_____.(2001上海)A.havesurvived B.aretosurvive C.wouldsurvive D.willsurviveB說(shuō)明：條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不用將來(lái)時(shí)，但beto結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式。2021/5/9223.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe_____fromtheuniversitynextyear.(2002上海)A.willgraduate B.willhavegraduatedC.graduates D.istograduate說(shuō)明：bythetime引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故不能使用將來(lái)時(shí)。D選項(xiàng)雖可考慮，但beto結(jié)構(gòu)大多用來(lái)表示“義務(wù)、決定、職責(zé)、約定”等，與句意不合。C2021/5/9234.It____longbeforewe____theresultoftheexperiment.(2002上海春季)A.willnotbe,willknow B.is,willknowC.willnotbe,know D.is,knowC說(shuō)明：before引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)將來(lái)時(shí)，而主句應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)。2021/5/924一.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作

如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ)有:for+一段時(shí)間,for2years;since從句,sincehecamehere;since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞,sincelastyear,since5daysago;howlong;foralongtime