2022年四川省成都市新都區(qū)高一下學(xué)期期末測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題

新都區(qū)2022年（春季）高一年級(jí)期末測(cè)試題英語(yǔ)本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。第I卷（選擇題）1至8頁(yè)，第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）9-10頁(yè)，全卷共10頁(yè)；滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考籍號(hào)填寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。2.答選擇題時(shí)，必須使用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3.答非選擇題時(shí)，必須使用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆，將答案書寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。4、所有題目必須在答題卡上作答，在試題卷上答題無(wú)效。5.考試結(jié)束后，只將答題卡交回。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）AStoriesBehindFamousCompanyNamesInventorCalebBradhamhadoriginallywantedtobeadoctorbutstartedworkinginapharmacywhenhereturnedhometoNorthCarolina.In1893,hemadeupwhathefirstcalled“Brad’sDrink,”amixofwater,sugar,caramel,lemonoil,nutmeg,andotherflavors.Fiveyearslater,herenameditPepsi-Cola.Heclaimedthedrinkcouldhelpwithdigestion(消化),ordyspepsia,thetermfromwhichBradhamadaptedthenamePepsi.ThisluxurycarmakercombinedelementsfromtheFordandOldsmobilecompanieswhenitwasstartedin1902andlaterbecameknownforitsinnovationandhighquality.ThecompanywasnamedaftertheFrenchexplorerAntoineLaumetdelaMotheCadillac,whofoundedthecityofDetroitin1701.Companyco-founderGordonBowkerhassaidthatwhilebrainstormingnames,someonebroughtoutamapthatfeaturedtheoldminingtownofStarbo.ThatmayhaveledhimtothinkofStarbuck,thefirstmateinHermanMelville’sfamousnovel,MobyDick.Notonlythecompanynamebutalsotheoriginofitslogohasarousedgreatcuriosity.TheinventorofRolex,HansWilsdorf,waslookingtomakeanelegant,yetprecise,wristwatch.Hewantedanamethatwaseasytosay,workedindifferentlanguages,andlookedgoodonthewatches.HesettledonRolexin1908.1.Whichcompanynamehasacloserelationshipwithliterature?A.Pepsi B.CadillacC.Starbucks D.Rolex2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrue?A.CalebBradhamaimedtocuredyspepsiawithPepsi.B.HansWilsdorfintendedRolextobeuniversallyaccepted.C.Cadillacwasnamedafterthefoundingfatherofthecompany.D.Starbuckswasusedduetotheco-founder’sloveforhishometown.3.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.A.afamouscompanynameiseasytospellB.aspecialstorycanmakeacompanyfamousC.acompanynameusuallyhasaspecialmeaninginitD.acompanynameisrelatedtothefounder’sprofession【答案】1.C2.B3.C【解析】【分析】這是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了4所著名公司名字背后的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Starbucks介紹中的第二句“ThatmayhaveledhimtothinkofStarbuck,thefirstmateinHermanMelville’sfamousnovel,MobyDick.”可知，那可能讓他想起了赫爾曼·麥爾維爾的著作《白鯨記》中的第一個(gè)大副Starbuck。由此可見Starbuck的名字和文學(xué)作品有關(guān)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)C正確?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Rolex介紹中的第二句“Hewantedanamethatwaseasytosay,workedindifferentlanguages,andlookedgoodonthewatches.”可知，他想要一個(gè)容易說(shuō)，能用不同語(yǔ)言表示，并且在手表上看起來(lái)不錯(cuò)的名字。由此可見，HansWilsdorf想要的名字應(yīng)該是讓人容易說(shuō)，不同語(yǔ)言也可以表示它，這樣人們才能廣泛地接受。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。由全文內(nèi)容可知，Pepsi介紹中的最后一句“Heclaimedthedrinkcouldhelpwithdigestion(消化),ordyspepsia,thetermfromwhichBradhamadaptedthenamePepsi.”，表示的是他聲稱這款飲料能幫助消化或者消化不良，從這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)Bradham改編了這個(gè)名字Pepsi。Cadillac介紹中的最后一句“ThecompanywasnamedaftertheFrenchexplorerAntoineLaumetdelaMotheCadillac,whofoundedthecityofDetroitin1701.”表示的是這個(gè)公司是以法國(guó)探險(xiǎn)家AntonieLaumetDeLaMotheCadillac命名的，這位探險(xiǎn)家在1701年發(fā)現(xiàn)了底特律市。Starbucks介紹中的第二句“ThatmayhaveledhimtothinkofStarbuck,thefirstmateinHermanMelville’sfamousnovel,MobyDick.”表示的是那可能讓他想起了赫爾曼·麥爾維爾的著作《白鯨記》中的第一個(gè)大副Starbuck。Rolex介紹中的第二句“Hewantedanamethatwaseasytosay,workedindifferentlanguages,andlookedgoodonthewatches.”表示的是他想要一個(gè)容易說(shuō)，能用不同語(yǔ)言表示，并且在手表上看起來(lái)不錯(cuò)的名字。由此可見，四家公司的名字都有它的故事和意義，所以公司的名字通常有一個(gè)特殊的意義。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。BInBritishBristol,70Englishwomenatonceenteredintolegal"marriage"withdozensoftreesinprotest(反對(duì)，抗議)againsttheirbeingcutdown.They"married"thetreesinanattempt(試圖)topreventthemfrombeingclearedforconstruction(建造)ofresidentialbuildingsworth￡55millionintheforest.TheBritishconstructioncompanyhasappliedfortheconstructionof166housesinBristol,includingluxury(奢華的)cottages.Atthesametime,thetownspeoplewereespeciallyangryatthefactthattheapplicationdidnotshowtheexactnumberoftreesthatareplannedtobecutdown.So,inordertoattracttheattentionofthegovernment,theactivistsorganizedanunusualweddingceremonytosavetheforest.TheeventtookplaceataparkonSpikeIsland.Thewomenwhowentthere,dressedinweddingdresses,heldphotographsofthe"suitors"intheirhands.Thecelebrationitselftookplaceaccordingtotheclassicstoryline—withgroomsmenandweddingvows(誓詞).TheorganizerwasJohnTarleton,aprofessorattheBristolVeterinarySchool,Accordingtohim,thisactionwassupposedtosuggestthatteesarepartnersofpeoplethroughouttheirlife.TheideatoholdsuchaceremonycamefromSiobhanKierans,whoadmittedthatshecameupwithitbythestoryofwomenfromtheenvironmentalmovementChipko,whochained(鏈在一起)themselvestotreesinthe1970stosavethemfromdestructionbyloggingcompanies.TheprotesterssaidthatBristolneedstreesmorethanluxuryprivatehousing.Oneofthe"brides",SuzanHackett,said,"Togetmarriedtoatreeisarealhonor.It'snotashow.It'shighlysignificant(important)andsymbolic."4.Whydidthewomenmarrytrees?A.Toprotectthetreesfromgoingextinct(dyingout).B.Toappealto(呼吁)peopletoplantmoretrees.C.Todrawthegovernment'sattentiontosavetheforest.D.Toblamethecompanyfordamagingtrees.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"suitors"inParagraph2referto?A.Thementomarry. B.Thecompaniestobuildhouses.C.Thebuildingstobepulleddown. D.Thetreestobesaved.6.WhatinspiredSiobhanKieranstocreatesuchanevent?A.Aprevious(以前的)environmentalcampaign.B.Cruelbehaviorofloggingcompanies.C.Movementsofwomenfightingforrights.D.Womenchainedtotreesfortheirfaults.7.WhatdoesSuzanHackettthinkoftheevent?A.Interesting. B.Meaningful.C.Pioneering. D.Emotional.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。在英國(guó)布里斯托爾，70名英國(guó)婦女與數(shù)十棵樹結(jié)成合法的“婚姻”，以抗議樹木被砍伐?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“So,inordertoattracttheattentionofthegovernment,theactivistsorganizedanunusualweddingceremonytosavetheforest.（因此，為了吸引政府的注意，活動(dòng)家們組織了一個(gè)不尋常的婚禮來(lái)拯救森林。）”可知，婦女要嫁給樹的原因是提醒當(dāng)局注意拯救森林。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“InBritishBristol,70Englishwomenatonceenteredintolegal"marriage"withdozensoftreesinprotestagainsttheirbeingcutdown.（在英國(guó)布里斯托爾，70名英國(guó)婦女立即與數(shù)十棵樹結(jié)成合法的“婚姻”，以抗議樹木被砍伐。）”中女性與樹結(jié)婚以及劃線詞前文“Thewomenwhowentthere,dressedinweddingdresses,heldphotographsof（那些穿著結(jié)婚禮服的女人們手里拿著照片…）”可知，婚禮現(xiàn)場(chǎng)新娘拿著的應(yīng)該是“新郎”，即樹，的照片。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheideatoholdsuchaceremonycamefromSiobhanKierans,whoadmittedthatshecameupwithitbythestoryofwomenfromtheenvironmentalmovementChipko,whochainedthemselvestotreesinthe1970stosavethemfromdestructionbyloggingcompanies.（舉行這樣一個(gè)儀式的想法來(lái)自SiobhanKierans，她承認(rèn)她是通過(guò)環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)Chipko的婦女們的故事想出來(lái)的，她們?cè)?0世紀(jì)70年代把自己鎖在樹上，以免被伐木公司毀壞。）”可知，正是之前的一個(gè)環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)啟發(fā)SiobhanKierans創(chuàng)造了這樣一個(gè)活動(dòng)。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Oneofthe"brides",SuzanHackett,said,"Togetmarriedtoatreeisarealhonor.It'snotashow.It'shighlysignificantandsymbolic."（其中一位“新娘”SuzanHackett說(shuō)：“和一棵樹結(jié)婚是一種真正的榮耀。這不是演出。這是非常重要和具有象征意義的?！保敝械膕ignificantandsymbolic可知，Suzan認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)很有意義。故選B。CWhetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.Socialrobotsareabouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanizedway,saidCynthiaBreazeal,chiefscientistattherobotcompanyJibo.Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.TheJiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn’tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthehousehold.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.Socialrobotsarenotjustfindingtheirwayintothehome.Theyhavepotentialapplicationsineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareandarealreadyfindingtheirwayintosomeofthesespaces.FellowRobotsisonecompanybringingsocialrobotstothemarket.Thecompany’s“Oshbot”robotisbuilttoassistcustomersinastore,whichcanhelpthecustomersfinditemsandhelpguidethemtotheproduct’slocationinthestore.Itcanalsospeakdifferentlanguagesandmakerecommendationsfordifferentitemsbasedonwhatthecustomerisshoppingfor.Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,”saidBreazeal.8.Howaresocialrobotsdifferentfromhouseholdrobots?A.Theycancontroltheiremotions.B.Theyaremorelikehumans.C.Theydothenormalhousework.D.Theyrespondtousersmoreslowly.9.WhatcanaJiborobotdoaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Communicatewithyouandperformoperations.B.Answeryourquestionsandmakerequests.C.Takeyourfamilypicturesanddelivermilk.D.Obeyyourordersandremindyoutotakepills.10.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill______.A.trainemployeesB.beourworkmatesC.improvetechnologiesD.taketheplaceofworkers11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlypresent?A.Anewdesignideaofhouseholdrobots.B.Marketingstrategiesforsocialrobots.C.Informationonhouseholdrobots.D.Anintroductiontosocialrobots.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了社會(huì)機(jī)器人的功能與作用?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第二段Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.可知，社會(huì)機(jī)器人更像人，比如這些機(jī)器人被設(shè)計(jì)能夠分辨人的心情是高興還是悲傷。故選B。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.和Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.可知，此機(jī)器人可以聽您的指令，提醒家庭成員吃藥或拍照。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Breazeal的話“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus”可以推斷出，社會(huì)機(jī)器人可以和我們一起做事情。選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了社會(huì)機(jī)器人的功能與作用。選D。DAnyonewatchingtheWinterOlympicsinBeijing,Chinaoverthelastfewdayshasseenman-madesnow.Sincetheareagetslittlenaturalsnow,theWinterOlympicstookplaceonalmost100%man-madesnowforthefirsttime.Thisyear’sWinterOlympicswereheldinBeijing,China,andintwoareasnorthwestofBeijing,YanqingandZhangjiakou.Theareasgetcoldinthewinter,buttheydon’tgetalotofsnow.That’sbecausethey’renotfarfromtheGobiDesert,andaregenerallyverydry.Chinatookwaterfromareservoir(水庫(kù))whichhelpedsupplyBeijing’sdrinkingwaterandsentittoanearbyriver.Tocarrythewatertothemountainsformakingsnow,Chinaranmilesandmilesofpipes.Chinasaysmakingthesnowtookabout49,000gallons(185,500liters)ofwater.ChinahiredacompanycalledTechnoAlpintocreatethesnow.TechnoAlpincreatedman-madesnowatseveralearlierWinterOlympics.Forthesnowinthisyear’sOlympics,TechnoAlpinlaidover40miles(64kilometers)ofpipesandbroughtinhundredsofsnow-makingmachines.Withallequipment,makingthesnowforthisyear’sGamestooksevenweeks.Man-madesnowisn’tthesameasnaturalsnow,whichhasmoreairandlesswater.Still,theadvancedmachinescanmakeseveraldifferentkindsofsnowdependingonwhat’sneededforeachsport.Chinasaysthatthesnowatthisyear’sWinterOlympicswasproducedbyusingwindandsolarenergy.Man-madesnowwasusedintheWinterOlympicsin2010and2014becauseofwarmweather.Inthe2018GamesinPyeongChang,SouthKorea,approximately90%ofthesnowwasalsomadebymachine.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofskiing. B.Thenecessityofcreatingartificialsnow.C.ThesignificanceoftheOlympics. D.ThecharacteristicsoftheGobiDesert.13.Whatisneededfortransportingwater?A.Reservoirs. B.Machines. C.Equipment. D.Pipes.14.Whatcanweinferaboutman-madesnow?A.Itstypesvaryineverysport.B.Ithasnodifferencefromnaturalsnow.C.Itbecameuncommoninwintersportsevents.D.Itcan’tbemadeinenvironment-friendlyways.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheDryConditions B.Snow-makingMethodsC.TheArtificialSnow D.China’sWinterOlympics【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是北京冬奧運(yùn)賽場(chǎng)的人造雪的制造方法?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Sincetheareagetslittlenaturalsnow,theWinterOlympicstookplaceonalmost100%man-madesnowforthefirsttime.(由于該地區(qū)幾乎沒(méi)有天然雪，冬奧會(huì)首次幾乎100%是在人造雪上舉行的。)”和“Theareasgetcoldinthewinter,buttheydon’tgetalotofsnow.That’sbecausethey’renotfarfromtheGobiDesert,andaregenerallyverydry.(這個(gè)地區(qū)在冬天很冷，但是他們沒(méi)有很多雪。這是因?yàn)樗鼈冸x戈壁沙漠不遠(yuǎn)，而且通常都非常干燥。)”可知，第一段主要講的是人造雪的必要性。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Tocarrythewatertothemountainsformakingsnow,Chinaranmilesandmilesofpipes.(為了把水運(yùn)到山上用來(lái)造雪，中國(guó)鋪設(shè)了數(shù)英里長(zhǎng)的管道。)”可知，運(yùn)輸水需要管道，故選D。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Still,theadvancedmachinescanmakeseveraldifferentkindsofsnowdependingonwhat’sneededforeachsport.(盡管如此，這些先進(jìn)的機(jī)器可以根據(jù)每種運(yùn)動(dòng)的需要制造幾種不同的雪。)”可知，人造雪的類型在每種運(yùn)動(dòng)中都不同。故選A。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“AnyonewatchingtheWinterOlympicsinBeijing,Chinaoverthelastfewdayshasseenman-madesnow.Sincetheareagetslittlenaturalsnow,theWinterOlympicstookplaceonalmost100%man-madesnowforthefirsttime.(在過(guò)去的幾天里，在中國(guó)北京觀看冬奧會(huì)的人都看到了人造雪。由于該地區(qū)幾乎沒(méi)有天然雪，冬奧會(huì)首次幾乎100%是在人造雪上舉行的。)”可知，本文主要講的是北京冬奧會(huì)的賽場(chǎng)幾乎100%采用人造雪以及人造雪的制造方法，因此最恰當(dāng)?shù)念}目是C選項(xiàng)“TheArtificialSnow(人造雪)”，故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。BeagoodtouristTourismcanbegoodorbad.Yes,itbringsinmoneyforthelocaleconomyandcreateslotsofjobsforlocals,butitmayalsobringsomeproblems._____16_____Touristshaveusedpaint,rocksorevenkeystowriteontheLuxorTempleinEgypt,theColosseuminRome,StonehengeintheUK,memorialstonesatthebottomofQomolangma,andmany,manyotherplaces.Thousandsoftouristsitesarebeingdestroyedbytouristswho“l(fā)ovethemtodeath”._____17_____Ifyouwanttoleaveamarkontheworld,doitbychangingsomeone’slifewithkindnessandlove.Passkindnessalongtofuturegenerations,notdestruction.Anotherbigprobleminsomeplaceshasbeentouristsdisturbingthelocalpeopleandlife._____18_____Forexample,ChangMaiUniversityinTailandandYonseiUniversityinSouthKoreahavegreatnumbersoftouristsvisitingtheircampusesandwalkingthroughtheirlibrariesandotherpublicareas,takingpicturesofstudentsanddisturbingtheirstudies.Ihavethreewordsfortouristslikethis:pleasebeconsiderate._____19_____Thenumberofproblemsfromtouristsisendless:walkinginlargegroupswithoutconsideringotherswhoneedtowalkby,crossingroadswithoutobservinglocaltrafficlaws,andmanymore.Theonlywaytosolvetheissueoftheterribletourististomakesurethatyounottheone!_____20_____Remember,wheneveryoustepoutsideyourcountry’sborders,youarerepresentingyourcountrytotherestoftheworld.A.Justthinkfromotheraspects.B.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.C.Havefuninawaythatdoesnotdisturbothers.D.Bethebest,kindest,mostpolitetouristpossible.E.Ihavethreewordsforpeoplelikethis:pleasestopit.F.Onegrowingproblemistouristswhowanttoprovethattheyhavevisitedsomeplace.G.Sometouristswanderaroundandtakepicturesoflocalpeoplewithoutaskingfortheirpermission.【答案】16.F17.E18.G19.C20.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章指出了游客在景區(qū)的一些不文明的行為，并呼吁我們要杜絕這些行為，盡可能成為最好、最善良、最有禮貌的游客。【16題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Touristshaveusedpaint,rocksorevenkeystowriteontheLuxorTempleinEgypt,theColosseuminRome,StonehengeintheUK,memorialstonesatthebottomofQomolangma,andmany,manyotherplaces.”（游客們?cè)诎＜氨R克索神廟、羅馬競(jìng)技場(chǎng)、英國(guó)巨石陣、珠穆朗瑪峰底部的紀(jì)念石以及許多其他地方用顏料、石頭甚至鑰匙刻字。）可知，這段主要講的是游客給景區(qū)造成的問(wèn)題。F項(xiàng)Onegrowingproblemistouristswhowanttoprovethattheyhavevisitedsomeplace.（一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題是游客們想證明他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)某個(gè)地方。）能夠引起下文，正是因?yàn)橄胱C明去過(guò)這些地方，才在上面刻字，故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Ifyouwanttoleaveamarkontheworld,doitbychangingsomeone’slifewithkindnessandlove.Passkindnessalongtofuturegenerations,notdestruction.”（如果你想在這個(gè)世界上留下印記，那就用善良和愛去改變別人的生活。把仁慈傳給后代，而不是毀滅。）可知，這里作者對(duì)游客刻字的行為表示否定，認(rèn)為應(yīng)該停止這種行為。E項(xiàng)Ihavethreewordsforpeoplelikethis:pleasestopit.（我對(duì)這樣的人想說(shuō)三個(gè)字：請(qǐng)停止。）能夠引起下文，表達(dá)了作者對(duì)游客在景點(diǎn)刻字的行為的否定態(tài)度，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“ChangMaiUniversityinTailandandYonseiUniversityinSouthKoreahavegreatnumbersoftouristsvisitingtheircampusesandwalkingthroughtheirlibrariesandotherpublicareas,takingpicturesofstudentsanddisturbingtheirstudies.”（泰國(guó)清邁大學(xué)和韓國(guó)延世大學(xué)有大量游客參觀他們的校園，穿過(guò)他們的圖書館和其他公共區(qū)域，給學(xué)生拍照，擾亂他們的學(xué)習(xí)。）可知，這里講述的是游客帶來(lái)的另外一個(gè)問(wèn)題，他們打擾了本地人正常的生活。G項(xiàng)Sometouristswanderaroundandtakepicturesoflocalpeoplewithoutaskingfortheirpermission.（一些游客四處走動(dòng)，未經(jīng)允許就給當(dāng)?shù)厝伺恼?。）能夠引起下文，下文正是?duì)這種不文明行為的舉例，故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文可知，本段主要講的是一些游客四處走動(dòng)，未經(jīng)允許就給當(dāng)?shù)厝伺恼盏男袨?。根?jù)空格前句子“Ihavethreewordsfortouristslikethis:pleasebeconsiderate.”（我對(duì)這樣的游客想說(shuō)三個(gè)字：請(qǐng)?bào)w諒。）可知，作者不希望游客打擾到本地人的正常生活。C項(xiàng)Havefuninawaythatdoesnotdisturbothers.（以不打擾他人的方式享受樂(lè)趣。）符合段落主旨及作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空格前句子“Theonlywaytosolvetheissueoftheterribletourististomakesurethatyounottheone!”（解決可怕的游客問(wèn)題的唯一辦法就是確保你不是其中之一。）可知，接下來(lái)作者應(yīng)該講述我們應(yīng)該成為什么樣的游客。D項(xiàng)Bethebest,kindest,mostpolitetouristpossible.（盡可能成為最好、最善良、最有禮貌的游客。）能夠承接上文，不要做行為可怕的游客，要做善良的、有禮貌的游客，故選D。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完型填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑（滿分30分，共20小題，每小題1.5分）Iwasayoungnewspaperreporter,andIwantedtosucceed.Myfirst____21____wasinLatinAmerica.Itwasalmostmylastjob.IhadnotplannedtostayinthevillageofZacate,____22____ithadbeenraininghardforawholeday.SoIhadtostaythere.Ifoundpeopletherefullof____23____.Thisvillagewasatthefootofavolcano(火山).Itwasbecomingmore____24____.Men,womenandchildrencametothesquare.Afew____25____eachotherandwentoutoftowntogetasfarawayfromthevolcanoaspossible,withlargeandfull____26____intheirhands.Suddenly,Ifeltastrong____27____.Thevillagersinthesquareranawayas____28____astheyfelttheearthquake.Attherighttime,Isawblacksmoke____29____downthesideofthemountaintowardsthevillage.Treesandgrassburnedupinasecond.Thevolcanoeruptionwascomingso_____30_____thatinlessthanaminutetheroadstothevillageswere_____31_____.AllIcoulddowaswatchingand_____32_____.Suddenly,mylandlord(房東)criedout,“Look!”He_____33_____toasmallhill.Thelava(巖漿)wasnotcomingoveritbut_____34_____oneachsideofthevillage,_____35_____thevillagecenterundamaged.Luckily,foratime,atleast,wewere_____36_____.Mylandlordgavemea_____37_____blankettocovermyselftoavoidthe_____38_____andwepouredwateroverourheadstocoolourselves.Wecouldhardlybreathebecauseoftheheatandthe_____39_____oftheburninghouses.Thanks_____40_____mylandlord,Isurvivedthevolcano.21.A.friend B.job C.trip D.shopping22.A.so B.if C.or D.but23.A.happiness B.fear C.decision D.power24.A.comfortable B.weak C.active D.calm25.A.helped B.saw C.caught D.found26.A.flowers B.umbrellas C.books D.packs27.A.flood B.earthquake C.cold D.fire28.A.fast B.quickly C.soon D.quietly29.A.rolling B.disappearing C.lying D.settling30.A.gradually B.frequently C.strongly D.hardly31.A.putoff B.cutoff C.builtup D.fixedup32.A.waiting B.shouting C.complaining D.crying33.A.returned B.added C.got D.pointed34.A.recovering B.resting C.seeking D.flowing35.A.leaving B.making C.letting D.getting36.A.dangerous B.warm C.safe D.healthy37.A.dry B.new C.small D.wet38.A.light B.heat C.fear D.coldness39.A.smoke B.smell C.sight D.sound40A.for B.of C.to D.with【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.C25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.C31.B32.A33.D34.D35.A36.C37.D38.B39.A40.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者作為一名記者在拉丁美洲經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)火山爆發(fā)，最后幸存下來(lái)的故事。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的第一份工作在拉丁美洲。A.friend朋友；B.job工作；C.trip旅行；D.shopping購(gòu)物。根據(jù)下文“Itwasalmostmylastjob.”可推知，此處指這是作者的第一份工作，也幾乎是最后一份工作。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：我本不打算呆在Zacate村莊，但是大雨下了一整天。A.so所以；B.if如果；C.or否則；D.but但是。通過(guò)上文“Ihadnotplannedtostayinthevillage”可推知，作者沒(méi)打算停留，下文“Ihadtostaythere”說(shuō)明，作者因?yàn)橄掠甓坏貌煌Ａ?，前后具有明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折含義，應(yīng)該使用表示轉(zhuǎn)折含義的連詞“but”。故選D項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)那里的人們充滿恐懼。A.happiness開心；B.fear恐懼；C.decision決策；D.power力量。根據(jù)下文“wentoutoftowntogetasfarawayfromthevolcanoaspossible”可推知，此處指人們充滿了恐懼，十分害怕，所以才盡可能遠(yuǎn)離火山。故選B項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：火山開始變得越來(lái)越活躍。A.comfortable舒服的；B.weak虛弱的；C.active活躍的；D.calm冷靜的。根據(jù)下文“Men,womenandchildrencametothesquare.”以及“wentoutoftowntogetasfarawayfromthevolcanoaspossible”可推知，此處指火山越來(lái)越活躍，快要爆發(fā)了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：人們互相幫助，帶著滿滿一大包的東西，出城盡可能遠(yuǎn)離火山。A.helped幫助；B.saw看見；C.caught接住；D.found建立。根據(jù)下文“eachotherandwentoutoftowntogetasfarawayfromthevolcanoaspossible,withlargeandfull____6____intheirhands”可推知，此處指人們互相幫助，拿著東西，盡可能地遠(yuǎn)離火山。故選A項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們互相幫助，帶著滿滿一大包的東西，出城盡可能遠(yuǎn)離火山。A.flowers鮮花；B.umbrellas傘；C.books書本；D.packs包裹。根據(jù)上文“wentoutoftowntogetasfarawayfromthevolcanoaspossible,withlargeandfull”以及下文“intheirhands”可推知，此處指人們要帶著包裹離開鎮(zhèn)上，遠(yuǎn)離火山。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，我感覺(jué)到一陣劇烈的地震。A.flood洪水；B.earthquake地震；C.cold寒冷；D.fire火。根據(jù)下文“theyfelttheearthquake”可推知，此處指作者感覺(jué)到了地震。故選B項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：廣場(chǎng)上的村民一感覺(jué)到地震就逃跑了。A.fast快速地；B.quickly迅速地；C.soon馬上、不久；D.quietly安靜地。根據(jù)上文“ranaway”以及下文“theyfelttheearthquake”可推知，此處指村民感覺(jué)到了地震后馬上逃跑了。固定搭配“assoonas”意為“立刻、一……就……”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，我看到黑煙沿著山的一側(cè)朝村莊滾滾而來(lái)。A.rolling翻滾；B.disappearing消失；C.lying躺著；D.settling安置。根據(jù)下文“Thevolcanoeruptionwascoming”可推知，此處指火山噴發(fā)了，冒出來(lái)的黑煙從山上朝山下村莊滾滾而來(lái)。故選A項(xiàng)。30題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：火山爆發(fā)來(lái)得如此猛烈，不到一分鐘，通往村莊的道路就被切斷了。A.gradually慢慢地；B.frequently頻繁地；C.strongly強(qiáng)烈地；D.hardly幾乎不。根據(jù)上文“Treesandgrassburnedupinasecond.”以及下文“inlessthanaminute”可推知，此處指火山爆發(fā)來(lái)得相當(dāng)猛烈。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：火山爆發(fā)來(lái)得如此猛烈，不到一分鐘，通往村莊的道路就被切斷了。A.putoff推遲；B.cutoff切斷；C.builtup建立；D.fixedup解決。根據(jù)上文“Thevolcanoeruptionwascomingsostronglythatinlessthanaminutetheroads”可推知，此處指火山爆發(fā)來(lái)得極其猛烈，導(dǎo)致村莊的道路被切斷了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我所能做的就是看著和等待。A.waiting等待；B.shouting叫喊；C.complaining抱怨；D.crying哭泣。根據(jù)上文“theroadstothevillageswerecutoff.AllIcoulddowaswatching”可推知，此處指火山爆發(fā)來(lái)得相當(dāng)猛烈，村莊的道路被切斷了，而作者無(wú)能為力，只能看著，等待火山噴發(fā)結(jié)束。故選A項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他指向一座小山。A.returned返回；B.added增加；C.got得到；D.pointed指著。根據(jù)上文“criedout,“Look!””以及下文“toasmallhill”可推知，房東大喊，應(yīng)該是指著小山，讓作者他們看向那里。固定搭配“pointto”意為“指向”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：巖漿并沒(méi)有向這里流過(guò)來(lái)，而是向村子兩側(cè)流去，村子的中心沒(méi)有被損壞。A.recovering恢復(fù)；B.resting休息；C.seeking尋找；D.flowing流動(dòng)。根據(jù)上文“notcomingoveritbut”以及下文“oneachsideofthevillage”可推知，此處指巖漿并沒(méi)有朝作者他們流過(guò)去，而是向村子的兩側(cè)流去。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：巖漿并沒(méi)有向這里流過(guò)來(lái)，而是向村子兩側(cè)流去，村子的中心沒(méi)有被損壞。A.leaving留下、離開；B.making制作；C.letting允許；D.getting收到。根據(jù)上文“Thelavawasnotcomingoveritbutflowingoneachsideofthevillage”以及下文“thevillagecenterundamaged”可推知，此處指巖漿向村子的兩側(cè)流去，留下了未被損壞的村莊中心。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，至少有一段時(shí)間，我們是安全的。A.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；B.warm溫暖的；C.safe安全的；D.healthy健康的。通過(guò)上文“l(fā)eavingthevillagecenterundamaged.Luckily,foratime”可推知，此處指村莊中心未被破壞，所以作者他們至少有一段時(shí)間是安全的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的房東給了我一條濕毯子來(lái)蓋住自己，以避高溫，我們把水倒在頭上來(lái)給自己降溫。A.dry干的；B.new新的；C.small小的；D.wet濕的。根據(jù)下文“tocoolourselves”可推知，此處指巖漿很熱，房東給了作者一條濕毯子蓋住自己，給自己降溫。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的房東給了我一條濕毯子來(lái)蓋住自己，以避高溫，我們把水倒在頭上來(lái)給自己降溫。A.light光；B.heat高溫；C.fear害怕；D.coldness寒冷。根據(jù)下文“tocoolourselves”可推知，此處指巖漿很熱，需要用濕毯子蓋住自己，給自己降溫，避免溫度過(guò)高，造成燙傷。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于燃燒的房屋的熱量和煙，我們幾乎無(wú)法呼吸。A.smoke煙；B.smell氣味；C.sight視野；D.sound聲音。根據(jù)上文“Isawblacksmoke”和“couldhardlybreathe”以及下文“oftheburninghouses”可推知，使作者很難呼吸的原因是燃燒時(shí)產(chǎn)生的大量熱量和煙。故選A項(xiàng)。【40題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：多虧我的房東，我才在火山中活了下來(lái)。A.for為了；B.of屬于（某物/某人）；C.to到，向；D.with具有，和。根據(jù)上文“Mylandlordgavemeawetblankettocovermyself”和“Thanks”以及下文“mylandlord,Isurvivedthevolcano”可推知，此處指多虧了房東，作者才在這次火山噴發(fā)事件中得以幸存。固定搭配“thanksto”意為“幸虧、歸因于”。故選C項(xiàng)。第Ⅱ卷（50分）注意事項(xiàng)：用0.5毫米黑色筆跡的簽字筆將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LastFriday,doctorsattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCentersuccessfullyreplaced____41____heartofaverysickmanwithaspecially-grownpig’sheart.Itisthefirsttimethatdoctors____42____(do)thissurgerybynow.Afterthreedays,thepatientappearstobedoingverywell.Dr.BartleyGriffithwhoisthefirstsurgeon____43____(perform)theoperation,saidthishadneverbeendonebefore.DavidBennett,57,isthemanofferedtheheart.Hewasgivenspecial____44____(permit)tohavetheunusualoperationbecausewithoutit,hewouldhavedied.Transplants(移植)usuallycomefrompeoplewhohavedied,butwant____45____(they)organstobeusedtohelpotherpeoplelive.Therearefar____46____(large)numbersofpatientswhoneedorgansthanthoseoforgans.Over3,800Americansgothearttransplantslastyear.Butthereare____47____(rough)110,000peoplewhoarewaitingforsomekindoftransplant.Foryears,scientistshavetriedtofigureout____48____theytransplantorgansfromotheranimalsintohumans.Thisishardbecausethehumanbodyalmostalwaysrejectssomethingthatisn’titsown.Muhammadisoneofthe____49____(doctor)whohelpedperformthesurgery.He’sbeenworkingtodevelopmethodstohelppreventpigorgans_____50_____beingrejectedinhumans.DoctorsarewatchingMr.Bennett’srecovery.【答案】41.the42.havedone43.toperform44.permission45.their46.larger47.roughly48.how49.doctors50.from【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是上周五，馬里蘭大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心的醫(yī)生們成功地用一顆特殊生長(zhǎng)的豬心臟替換了一位重病患者的心臟。【41題詳解】考查定冠詞。句意：上周五，馬里蘭大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心的醫(yī)生們成功地用一顆特殊生長(zhǎng)的豬心臟替換了一位重病患者的心臟?？崭裉幱枚ü谠~the特指“一位重病患者的心臟”，故填the?！?2題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這是醫(yī)生們第一次做這種手術(shù)。Itisthefirsttimethat...是固定句型，意為“這是某人第一次做某事”，that從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)doctors是復(fù)數(shù)，因此空格處是havedone，故填havedone。【43題詳解】考查不定式。句意：BartleyGriffith醫(yī)生是第一個(gè)做這個(gè)手術(shù)的醫(yī)生，他說(shuō)這是前所未有的。surgeon前有序數(shù)詞first修飾，其后用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，故填toperform?！?4題詳解】考查名詞。句意：他得到了做這個(gè)不尋常手術(shù)的特別許可，因?yàn)槿绻麤](méi)有手術(shù)，他就會(huì)死。special是形容詞，修飾名詞，permit的名詞是permission，意為“允許”，是不可數(shù)名詞，故填permission?！?5題詳解】考查物主代詞。句意：器官移植通常來(lái)自那些已經(jīng)去世但希望自己的器官用于幫助他人生存的人。organs和they之間是所屬關(guān)系，空格處意為“他們的”，用形容詞性物主代詞their