人教版新課標選修7第四單元精講講義(附練習答案)

選修7第4單元Ⅰ、要點導讀1、SometimesIwonderhowrelevantchemistryistothekids,mostofwhomwillbegoingbacktotheirvillagesafterYear8、(P29)relevantadj、“緊密相關得”eg:Doyouhaveanyrelevantexperience?與to連用,意為“與……有關”eg:Thefilmwasrelevanttowhatwasbeingdiscussedinclass、反義詞為irrelevant,意為“(與某事物)不相關得;不切題得”eg:Whatyousaidisirrelevanttothesubject、relevancen、“相關;切題”eg:Whatyouwrotehasnorelevancetothetopic、2、Thehutwasdarkinsidesoittooktimeforoureyestoadjust、(P30)adjustvi、“適應”,常與to連用eg:Astronautsinflightmustadjusttoweightlessness、vt、“調整;使適應”eg:Youcan’tseethroughatelescopeunlessitisadjustedcorrectlytoyoursight、3、ItwassuchaprivilegetohavespentadaywithTombe’sfamily、(P30)privilege(1)n、“特別優(yōu)待;優(yōu)惠待遇”,通常用作單數;此外,還有“特權”得意思。eg:It’saprivilegefortheoldtotakethecitybusesforfree、Insomecountriesschooleducationisstillaprivilegeforthechildrenfromrichfamilies、(2)v、“給予特權;特別優(yōu)待”eg:Thesearepoliciesthatprivilegetheclubmembers、privilegedadj、“有特權得;榮幸得”eg:Therighttovotestillbelongstotheprivilegedpeopleinthatcountry、4、Sleepingarrangements(P31)arrangementn、[C]“安排;籌備”;makearrangementsfor“為……做好準備”eg:Theyarebusymakingarrangementsfortheparty、etoanarrangement“達成一致”arrangev、“安排;籌備;整理”,它后面既可跟名詞、代詞、動詞不定式或從句,也可與for搭配,構成短語arrangeforsth“安排某物”eg:Ourmanagerhasarrangedforacartomeettheclients、Theyweretoobusytoarrangetheirownweddingceremony、Thepolicearearranginghowtomakethepresidentgettotheairportsafely、5、Whenyoupurchaseanitem,wewillsendyouanattractivecardforyoutosendtoyourspecialperson、(P33)purchase(1)vt、“購買”eg:Thebookscanbepurchasedfromthelocalbookstore、(2)n、“購買”[U]指“購買”這個動作時eg:Ihopeyouwillbesatisfiedwithyourpurchasehere、[C]“買某樣東西”eg:Mothermadeseveralpurchasesinthatshop、6、Adultsdeveloptheconfidencetoparticipateinthesocial,economicandpoliticallivesoftheirmunities、(P34)participatevi、“參與;參加”,常跟in連用eg:Ididn’twanttoparticipateintheboringdiscussion、辨析:participate,join與takepartin得區(qū)別:participate指在感情、觀念或行為方面與她人共同參加某一活動。join既可指參加一群人得活動,也可指加入某個組織,成為其中得一員,常見得搭配為:jointhearmy/club/Party,表示參加某一活動時常用joininsth。takepartin指參加某一活動并發(fā)揮作用。7、Imagineyouandyourclassmateswanttodonatesomeofyourpocketmoneytohelpthoseinneedinanothercountry、(P34)donatev、“捐贈;捐獻”;donatesthto…“向……捐獻某物”eg:Thepassers-bywereaskedtodonatesomemoneytothepeopleinthefloodedarea、donationn、“捐贈;捐贈品”eg:Shemadeadonationof10,000dollarstocharity、8、Theboyhadnevereacrossanythinglikethisandstartedjumpingoutofthewindows、(P29)eacross“碰見;遇見”eg:Icameacrosshiminthestreet、Icameacrossachildsleepingunderthebridge、earound/round“前來;蘇醒過來”eg:Luckily,theboycanearoundquicklyaftertheaccident、ebetween“在……中間來;干預(某兩人之間得事)”eg:Itisoftendangerousandneverwisetoebetweenamanandhiswife、eout“開花;出版”eg:Whenishernewnovelingout?eabout“發(fā)生;(風等)改變方向”;eafter“追趕;追隨”;eat“襲擊;達到”9、…,alowbamboohutwithgrassstickingoutoftheroof—thisshowsit’saman’shouse、(P29)stickout“伸出”eg:Thebeggarstuckouthishandtowardus、“醒目;顯眼;引人注目”eg:Shehasredhairthatalwayssticksoutinacrowd、stickoutof“從……伸出”eg:Thepaperwasstickingoutofhispocket、sticksthout“堅持到底;忍受下去”eg:Shedidn’tlikethecoursebutshestuckitouttogetthecertificate、10、Iknowyou’redyingtohearaboutmylifehere、(P29)bedyingto“極想……”eg:Allofthemaredyingtoseethemoviethisevening、beanxiousto“渴望;非常希望”eg:Shewasanxioustogetajobaftergraduation、beeagerto“渴望;渴求”eg:Everyoneintheclasswaseagertolearn、11、Itwaswonderfultohearfromyou、(P29)hearfrom“收到某人得來信(電話等)”,后面接表示人得名詞或代詞。eg:Themotherisworriedbecauseshehasn’theardfromherdaughterforalongtime、hearof/about“聽說”eg:Ihaveheardofthefamousfilmstarbutnevermetherbefore、hearsbout“聽某人把話說完”eg:Pleasehearmeoutbeforeyoudoanything、12、Choosefromthiscatalogueareallyusefulgiftforsomeoftheworld’spoorestandbringhopeforabetterfuturetoamunityinneed、(P33)inneed“在困難/危急中”eg:Youshouldgiveyourhelptosomeoneinneed、inneedof“需要”,作表語eg:Accordingtothesurvey,thatareaisingreatneedofvolunteers、Thereisnoneedforsbtodosth“對某人來說沒必要做某事”eg:Thereisnoneedforyoutoearnsomuchmoney、Ⅱ、熱點語法:限制性定語從句一、關聯詞得基本用法1、who/that指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時可省略。eg:Mr、Blacksmithwho/thatesfromtheUSAteachesusEnglish、2、whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語,可省略。eg:Theboy(whom)hespokeofinhistalkwasTom、3、which/that指物,在定語從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時可省略。eg:Footballisagamewhich/thatisalwayspopularwithboys、Thepen(that/which)Iboughtyesterdaywaslost、4、whose可指人或物,在定語從句中作定語。eg:Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth、注意:“whose+名詞”可以轉換成“the+名詞+ofwhich(指物)/whom(指人)”得結構。eg:ThegirlwhosehairisredisMary、=Thegirl,thehairofwhomisred,isMary、5、when指時間,where指地點,why指原因,三者都在定語從句中作狀語,可以轉化為“介詞+which”得形式,但就是why只能轉化為“forwhich”得形式。eg:Ipaidavisittothefactorywhere/inwhichIworkedtenyearsago、二、限制性定語從句中只用that得情況1、當先行詞就是everything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some,any等詞時,或先行詞被every,little,alittle,few,much,any,all等詞修飾時。eg:Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld、2、當先行詞被序數詞、形容詞最高級或thevery,theonly等詞修飾時。eg:ThefirstplacethatIvisitedinBeijingwastheForbiddenCity、3、當先行詞既有人又有物時。eg:Theyaretalkingaboutthethingsandthepersonsthattheymetyesterday、4、當主句就是以who,which開頭得特殊疑問句或先行詞就是who時。eg:Whoisthemanthatislyingunderthetree?三、what與that得選擇what相當于thething/placethat/which,thepersonwho等,而that只用來指代先行詞,只在定語從句中充當一個成分,所以,如果所填或所選擇得詞需要作兩個成分,一般選擇what。eg:TheyreachedwhatthelocalpeoplecalledtheGoldenGate、(what=theplacethat)Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobetenyearsago、(what=thepersonwho)四、定語從句中得主謂一致當關系代詞在從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞得數原則上要與先行詞保持一致,但就是要注意以下幾點:1、oneof+復數名詞+關系代詞+復數動詞。eg:Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgreatsuccessinphysics、2、the/theonlyoneof+復數名詞+關系代詞+動詞第三人稱單數形式。eg:Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotgreatsuccessinphysics、3、as/which引導非限制性定語,代表整個主句時,從句謂語用動詞第三人稱單數形式。eg:Hedecidestogetmarried,whichmakeshisparentsveryhappy、語法聚焦1、Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,othervisitorsseldomgo、A、whatB、whichC、whereD、when2、Alecaskedthepolicemanheworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident、A、withhimB、whoC、withwhomD、whom3、Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreeyearsago?A、whereB、whenC、thatD、what4、Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousersshehadwipedherhands、A、whereB、whichC、whenD、that5、Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeonetheycantalkfrequently、A、whoB、asC、aboutwhomD、withwhom6、TherewastimeIhatedtogoschool、A、a;thatB、a;whenC、the;thatD、the;when7、Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit、A、thewayB、inthewaythatC、inthewayD、thewaywhich8、He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationheislikelytocontrolovertheplane、A、whereB、whichC、thisD、who9、Iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance、A、howB、whichC、whereD、that10、---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?---Right,justtheoneyouknowIusedtoworkforyears、A、thatB、whichC、whereD、whatⅢ、綜合訓練一、單項選擇1、Therearefewoccasionsmembersareuncertainabouttheirroles、A、whenB、whoseC、whyD、which2、Heisrich,butanunhappyman、A、orB、otherwiseC、howeverD、then3、Manyriversinthisareahavedriedrecently、A、upB、outC、offD、at4、Ihaven’theardPetersinceweleftschool,thoughIhavewrittenmanyletterstohim、A、ofB、aboutC、/D、from5、Hedidn’tknowhowtothenewsystem、A、doB、makeC、operateD、take6、Manychildrenquitschoolbecausetheirfamiliesareandcan’taffordtheirschooling、A、indangerB、inneedC、indespairD、inplace7、Thelittlegirlmadesomeinthesupermarketwiththemoneyshehadsaved、A、billsB、salesC、purchasesD、discounts8、Makesurethateverythingyouwriteistothequestionsyouhavebeenasked、A、concernedB、dependentC、connectingD、relevant9、Thewomanwastohearthenewsofherlostchildandshealmostwentmad、A、cautiousB、annoyedC、scaredD、dying10、Mynewcameracanbetotakepicturesinbothcloudyandsunnyconditions、A、adaptedB、adjustedC、adoptedD、remedied11、AthletesfromallovertheworldtheBeijing2008OlympicGames、A、joinB、participateinC、participateD、attend12、Ifmostbread-winnersaday’spaytotheHopeProject,thenmanydropoutscanreturntoschool、A、bringB、takeC、donateD、have13、DoctorsareconcernedthatthechildrentoomuchtimeinfrontoftheTVdon’tgetenoughexercise、A、thosespendB、whospendC、tospendD、spend14、Therearemanythingsindifferentareaswecando、A、whereB、thereC、whatD、that15、15、Let’sjustreadthesentenceyou’vemadeamistake、A、thatB、whichC、whenD、where二、完形填空Eachofusfailsfromtimetotime、Ifwearewise,weacceptthesefailuresasa16partofthelearningprocess、Butalltoooftenasparentsandteacherswe17thesamerighttoourchildren、WhenIseeachild18fromthiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie、Donniewasmyyoungestthird-grader、His19offailurekepthimfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenenjoyed、He20answeredquestions—hewasafraidhemightbewrong、Itriedmybesttobuildhis21、Butnothingchangeduntilmidterm,whenMaryAnne,astudentteacher,wasassignedtoourclassroom、Shewasyoungandpretty,andshelovedchildren、Mypupils,Donnieincluded,all22herverymuch、Onemorning,wewereworkingonmathproblemsattheblackboard、Donniehad23theproblemswithpains-takingtidiness、Pleasedwithhisprogress,I24thechildrenwithMaryAnneandwentforartmaterials、WhenIreturned,Donniewasin25、He’dmissedthethirdproblem、Mystudentteacherlookedatmeindespair、Suddenlyherface26、Fromthedeskweshared,shegotacontainerfilledwithpencils、“Look,Donnie,”shesaid,kneelingbesidehimandgently27thetear-stained(弄臟得)facefromhisarms、“I’vegotsomethingto28you、”Sheremovedthepencils,oneatatime,andplacedthemonhisdesk、“Seethese29,Donnie,”shecontinued、“TheybelongtoMrsLindstromandme、Seehowtheerasersare30、That’sbecausewemakemistakestoo、Butweerasethemistakesandtryagain、That’swhatyou31learntodo,to、”Shekissedhimandstoodup、“Here,”shesaid、“I’llleaveoneofthesepencilson32desksoyou’llrememberthateverybodymakesmistakes,33teachers、”Donnielookedupwithloveinhiseyes、The34becameDonnie’sprizedpossession、That,togetherwithMaryAnne’sfrequentencouragement,gradually35himthatit’sallrighttomakemistakes—aslongasyouerasethemandtryagain、16、A、small B、basic C、necessary D、important17、A、give B、disallow C、offer D、permit18、A、e B、take C、fall D、suffer19、A、fear B、lesson C、chance D、sense20、A、always B、often C、never D、seldom21、A、self-protection B、self-improvement C、self-confidence D、self-learning22、A、respected B、disliked C、avoided D、minded23、A、workedout B、writtendown C、goneover D、learned24、A、left B、offered C、missed D、parted25、A、surprise B、astonishment C、anger D、tears26、A、darkened B、brightened C、pulled D、loosened27、A、lifting B、picking C、holding D、pushing28、A、help B、show C、reward D、promise29、A、pencils B、mistakes C、marks D、containers30、A、used B、built C、worn D、damaged31、A、may B、must C、oughtto D、can32、A、my B、someone’s C、theteacher’s D、your33、A、still B、also C、even D、not34、A、pencil B、words C、mistake D、desk35、A、warned B、informed C、persuaded D、reminded三、閱讀理解BecauseofaseriouscaraccidentthattoremyupperlipwhenIwasthreeandahalfIhadascar(傷疤)belowmynose、SomeinsensitivechildrencalledmeChiefRunningNoseandScarface,andmyconfidenceandself-esteem(自尊心)suffered、AlthoughmyparentsandrelativessaidIwaspretty,Ididn’tseemyselfthatway、Icouldthinkofnothingbutmyscar,andtakepleasureinnothing、Oneday,afterschool,Iremainedinmyclassroom,waitingformymother、MissPrattwaschattingatherdeskwithafellowteacher、Itwastimeformegetreadytoleave、Iputonmybrownwoolcoatandhat、Theteacherlookedatmyoutfitandseemedtoadmireit、“Whoisshe?Sheisreallycute、”Myteacheranswered,“Iagree、Berniceisadorable、”Adorable!Thewordgrabbedme、Adeliciouswarmthenvelopedme,andanewawareness、Teacherswouldnotlie、Somaybeitwastrue、Iwaspretty、Whatasurprise!AtthatmomentIdecidedtobethefirstinmyclasstolearntheassignedtables(乘法表)、Whateverittook,nomatterhowlong,Iwouldsucceed、Noonewasgoingtostopme、ThistimeIbelievedinmyself、Aboutaweeklater,MissPrattannouncedtotheclassthatIwasthefirstonetolearnthetables,andsaidshewasproudofme、Shehandedmeagoldkeytobeconfident、Ithankedherenthusiastically、Theclasssmiledandclapped、Forthefirsttime,Ifelttrulygoodaboutmyself、IknewIhadbeenencouragedbyMissPratt’sremark、ThismightnothaveoccurredifIhadnotoverheardthosekindwords!36、WhydidBernicelackconfidenceatfirst?A、Shehadoncesufferedaseriouscaraccident、B、Shewasmadefunofforthescaronherface、C、Herclassmatesreferredtoherasmentallydisabled、D、Herpar