中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)快速速記之現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)淺析

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)Thepresentperfecttense名稱時(shí)間動(dòng)動(dòng)詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)平時(shí)，經(jīng)常一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去（與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)）一般將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)即將，計(jì)劃此刻正在進(jìn)行過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行1.v.2.v+s/es（三單現(xiàn)）

am/is/are+v-ing1.will/shall+v.2.am/is/aregoingto+v.1.v-ed（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞）2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞was/were+v-ing判斷下列句子的時(shí)態(tài)1.Sheworksinafactory.2.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.3.WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSunday.4.Theyheldasportsmeetinglastweek.5.Weare

helpingcleanthecityparknow.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)助動(dòng)詞否定haven’thasn’t疑問(wèn)Haveyou…?Hashe…?

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成

have/has+v過(guò)去分詞have/has為助動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有實(shí)在的意義，?？梢耘c前面的名詞或代詞縮寫(xiě)。如Mikehas=Mike's,theyhave=they've.助動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)保持一致。I_______alreadyreadLittleWoman.Tina______decidedtowriteaboutTreasureIsland.havehas現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)Ihavepostedthephotos.我已經(jīng)把這些照片郵寄了。Ihavelivedherefortwoyears.Ihavelivedheresince2018/twoyearsago.1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。常與for或since引起的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。郵寄的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，并且已經(jīng)完成，帶來(lái)的結(jié)果是這些照片已經(jīng)不在我這里了。居住的動(dòng)作從兩年前或2018年開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。翻譯.(English===>Chinese)finish,homeworkIhavefinishedmyhomework.Hehasfinishedhishomework.haven’tHashe...Yes

,

hehas.No,hehasn’t.1.翻譯1)我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)完作業(yè)了；

2)他已經(jīng)寫(xiě)完作業(yè)了.2.第一句變成否定句；3.第二句變成一般疑問(wèn)句并回答。？He___________inthiscityeversincethen.(live)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞haslivedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyeversincethenHehasgonetoShanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))去過(guò)上海。易混點(diǎn)

have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHewenttoShanghailastweek.

他(曾經(jīng))到/去過(guò)上海

[在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過(guò)這樣的經(jīng)歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來(lái)了]他已經(jīng)去上海了

[也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)10年了[現(xiàn)在還在上海工作學(xué)習(xí)]辨析這些句子由時(shí)態(tài)導(dǎo)致的含義上的差別canyoudistinguish?have/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin去過(guò)常與ever,never,once,twice,連用在…與時(shí)間段連用用howlong提問(wèn)去了說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在只用于第三人稱

Hersister_____________Australia.Sheleftthismorning.hasgoneto

1.A:______yourbrother_________anewwatch?(buy)B:Notyet.2.A:_______youever_______tothepark?(be)B:Yes,Iwenttherelastsummer.3.I______never______ofanythinglikethat.(hear)4.TomHe___________inthefactorysinceheleftschooltenyearsago.(work)5.A:Howlong______you________inthisschool?(teach)B:For6years.6.I______just________thedesk,youcantakeittoyourclassroom.(mend)7._______you_______theForbiddenCity(紫禁城)before?(visit)8.He____already______ajob.(find)9.We_______only____________thefirstfivequestionssofar.(discuss)10.Greatchanges_________________inBeijinginthepast10years.(takeplace)11.I_________________himrecently.(nothearfrom)Key

wordsHasbought

yetHavebeen

haveheard

hasworked

havetaughthavemended

Havevisitedhasfoundhavediscussedhavetakenplacehaven’theardfromhave/hasbeento去過(guò)，已經(jīng)回來(lái)了have/hasgoneto去了，還未回來(lái)have/hasbeenin在...，和時(shí)間段連用hasgoneto

1.A:WhereisBob?B:He____________Japanwithhissister.2.A:Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.Where____you_____?B:I_____________theUnitedStates.have

beenhavebeento

3.A:Howlong____you_______China?B:I_________herefor3years.havebeeninhavebeen4.A:_____youever________thecity?B:No,never.Have

beento5.We____________Germanymanytimesinthepast3years.havebeentohave/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin1.Bill________________

London,hewillcomebacktomorrow.

2.A:Wherearethetwins?B:They______________

thecinema.3.I_____________

Paristwice.Hehasneverbeenthere.4.A:_____youever____________

America?B:No,never.5.A:Howlong_____you________China?B:Foroneyear.6.HeleftforEnglandtwodaysago.He___________therefortwodays.hasgoneto

havegonetohavebeentoHavebeentohave

beenin

hasbeen

since用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間（時(shí)間點(diǎn)）—“自從……”for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度（時(shí)間段）—“長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”IhavelearnedEnglishfortwoyears.IhavelearnedEnglishsincetwoyearsago.IhavelearnedEnglishsince2015.IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIwasamiddleschoolstudent.注意：并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.

(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.

(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)

比較since和forfor+表示一段時(shí)間的詞組，since+表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的詞或詞組）謂語(yǔ)只可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.eg.---I’velivedherefor15years.eg.---I’velivedheresince15yearsago/(2002).選用for和since填空:1.______alongtime

2.______10yearsago.3.______4hours4.______hecametoChina.5._____19996.______3o’clock7.______yesterday8.______lastmonth9.______wewerechildrenforforsincesincesincesincesincesincesinceItis+時(shí)間段

since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子.10.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.=It__________fiveyears_________wemetlasttime.=Fiveyears_____________________wemetlasttime.sincehasbeensincehaspassedsince注意:瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和時(shí)間段連用.如：come，go，join，leave，buy等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中不能與for,since短語(yǔ)或Howlong等引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

瞬間動(dòng)詞joinborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy··········begin/stratHehasboughtthebook.Hehasboughtthebookforaweek.Hehashadthebookforaweek.

buyhave/hashadcometohave/hasbeeningotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierleavehave/hasbeenawayborrowhave/haskeptbeginhave/hasbeenonfinishhave/hasbeenoverdiehave/hasbeendeadmarry

have/hasbeenmarried瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect1.Shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears.2.HowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates？3.AnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago.4.IhavegottoParisforoneweek.5.Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.6.IhaveleftShanghaifor3days.7.Ihaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago.8.Thefilmhasbegunfor10minutes.9.Theconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour.10.Hisdoghasdiedfortwoyears.

11.Shehasmarriedforsixyears.hadbeeninbeeninbeenasoliderbeeninbeeninbeenawaykeptbeenonbeenoverbeendeadbeenmarried改寫(xiě)句子1.Myfathercamebackfromthebookshopjustnow.Myfather______just______________thebookshop.2.HebegantolearnChinesein2001.He____________Chinesesince2001.3.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm_________________sincetwominutesago.4.Hehashadthemotorbikefortwoyears.It’stwoyears______he________themotorbike.He________themotorbiketwoyears______.Twoyears____________sincehe______themotorbikehasreturnedfromhaslearnedhasbeenon

sinceboughtboughtagohaspassedbought現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在已完成或存在的狀態(tài)，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，例如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990等。一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事和狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，它可以和示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，例如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990等。Hehaslivedheresince1992.1992年以來(lái)他一直住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里）Helivedherein1992.1992年他居住在這里。（不涉及到他現(xiàn)在是否還住在這里）Thepasttenseorthepresentperfecttensehaveknown

knew

1.We______________eachothersincechildhood.(know)2.We__________eachotherwhenwewereyoung.(know)3.I________himjustnow.(see)saw

4.I______just_____mypen.(lose)have

lost

5.Howlong______you______intheUnitedStates?(live)have

lived

6.When_____you______here?(move)did

move

7.A:When______you______thefilm?B:I____ittwomonthsago.(see)did

see

saw

8.Thewriter_____________severalstory-bookssince5yearsago.(finish)hasfinished

動(dòng)詞填空：1.A：_____you________(clean)theroom?B:Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.A:When_______you______(do)it?B:We_______(do)itanhourago.2.A:______he______(see)thisfilmyet?B:Yes.A:When_____he_____(see)it?B:He______itlastweek.3.A:Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?B:Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseehavecomesaw4.I_________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.9.He________(keep)thebooksincetwodaysago.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgaveHaveriddenhaskeptFillintheblankswiththesimplepresent,simplepastorpresentperfecttenseoftheverbsI____(be)ItheU.S.now.I___________(live)hereforon