stepbystep3000第三本第十單元聽力原文

Unit10LoveandHateofOil

PartIWarmingup

A.

1.Runningtwonewexpressbusroutesespeciallyforthecompany'semployees

2.Subsidizingthecostofbusfaresandmonthlypasses

3.Encouragingcarpooling

4.Aguaranteedride-homeprogram

A.Tapescript:

Highpollutionseason'sgotuswatchingourdrivingprettyclosely,butworkersatMartinMariettaaregettingreallypracticalhelp.RTDandMartinMariettawillruntwonewexpressroutesespeciallyforMartinMariettaemployees.Witheightmorningarrivalsandeightafternoondepartures,thecompanyisevensubsidizingbusfarebooksandmonthlypassesasanaddedincentivetousemasstransit.Carpoolingisencouraged.Andtosolveamajorconcernforpeopleusingalternatetransportation,there'saguaranteedride-homeprogram.Thecompany'sgoalistodoublethenumberofworkersusingalternatemodestothesingleoccupantvehiclebytheendoftheyear.TheprogramwillbestudiedbytheStateHealthDepartment.TheStateLegislaturealsowantstofindoutwhicharethemosteffectivewaystocutvehiclemilestraveledandhelpcleartheair.

B.

Symbolc(accident)onChapelStreet,A6,betweenBridgeStreetandBlackfriarsStreet.

Symbola(fire)onJohnDaltonStreetatthejunctionwithCrossStreetandAlbertSquare.

Symbold(burstwatermain)onCannonStreet,betweenDeansgateandCorporationStreet.

Symbole(diversion)onGreatAncoatsStreet,parallelwithHenryStreet,betweenAncoatsandOldhamRoad.

Symbolb(road-works)onMosleyStreet,betweenPrincessStreetandPiccadillyGardens.

Tapescript

A--AndyN--Nick

A:AndnowovertoNickwiththelatestupdateonthetrafficsituation.

N:ThanksAndy.Well,there'sabitofaheadachefordriverscomingintothecity-centerthismorning.Firstofall,aseriousaccidenthascompletelyblockedtheA6,ChapelStreet,inSalford,betweenBridgeStreetandBlackfriarsStreet.Therearealreadylongtail-backsoftrafficthereandthepolicesaytheroadwon'tbeopenagainforanotherhourorso.DriversshoulduseLiverpoolRoadtocomeintothecity-centerfromtheSalfordarea.Onceagain,that'sanaccidentblockingtheA6,ChapelStreet,betweenBridgeStreetandBlackfriarsStreet,inSalford.

Anotheremergency,thistimeinJohnDaltonStreetinthecenteroftown,erwhereafirehasmeanttheclosingoftheroadandhasalsoledtorestrictedaccesstoAlbertSquareandthesouthernendofCrossStreet,downthereneartheTownHall.Avoidthatareaifyoupossiblycan;itlookslikethingsareprettysnarledupthere.JohnDaltonStreet,atthejunctionwithCrossStreetandAlbertSquare;there'safire,causingseriouscongestionanddelays,ofcourse.

Er,Meanwhile,inCannonStreet,thingsareprettywetoutsidetheCathedral,because..,yes,you'veguessedit,there'saburstwatermain.TheWaterAuthoritygentlemenarealloutthereintheirWellingtons,buttheroadis,infact,closedtotraffic.That'sCannonStreetclosedbetweenDeans-gateandCorporationStreet,duetoaburstwatermain.

Andwhilstwe'retalkingaboutpipesundertheground,justareminderthatthesewer-reconstructionworkisstillgoingoninGreatAncoatsStreet,inAncoats,withtrafficbeingdivertedintoHenryStreetontheeastsideofGreatAncoatsStreet,betweenOldhamRoadandAncoats.

And,finally,thereareroad-worksstartingtodayinMosleyStreet,inthecity-center,betweenPrincessStreetandPiccadillyGardens.ThissectionofMosleyStreetwillbereducedtosingle-lanetrafficcontrolledbytemporarytraffic-lightsanddelaysareexpected.Theworkisduetolastatleastafortnight.So,trytoavoidMosleyStreet,ifyou'reinahurryand,especially,atpeaktimes.

Well,notaveryhappypictureontheroadsincentralManchesterthismorning,I'mafraid.BritishRailreportnoproblemsonthetrainsthismorning,however,andthingsarerunningsmoothlydownattheairport,too.We'llhaveanotherupdateontheroadsituation,aftertheNews,at9.Meanwhile,backtoAndy.

A:ThanksverymuchNick...

SaudiArabia

Iraq

Iran

Kuwait

Libya

Brazil

PartIIoilreservesandparkingplaces

SaudiArabiatop

266billion

Iraq

Irancrude

Kuwait

Canada178billion/stripmining/toxicchemicals/forests/watersupply/US

Biggestconsumer/21billion/offshoredrilling/environmentalreasons

MexicoUS

Brazilmajorexporter

Offshoreoilfield:4miles/oceansurface

Russia2ndlargestproducer

Libya39billion

Crude/problems

Trillionbarrelsofoil/bediscovered

A

Transcript:

Let’sbeginintheMidEastwhichhasabout2/3oftheworld’sprovenoilreserves.SaudiArabia’sonthetopwith266billionbarrels.IraqandIranarealsorichincrudealongwithKuwaitandtheUnitedArabEmirates.

ButitmightsurpriseyouthatCanadahasalotofoiltoo,some178billionbarrels,muchofitrestsinthetarsandsofAlberta.Itisagiganticstripminingoperation.Environmentalistscallitadisaster,leavingbehindtoxicchemical,strippingforestsandcontaminatingthewatersupply.

Nowlet’sgosouthtoVenezuelaandpartsofMexico.Muchoftheiroil,likeCanada’s,feedstheveraciousappetiteforcrudeintheUnitedStates,whichistheworld’sbiggestconsumerofoil.

YetdidyouknowthatthehUShassome21billionbarrelsinreserve?

Sowhydoesn’titproducemore?Well,theUSgovernmentbansmostoffshoredrillingexceptintheGulfofMexicoforenvironmentalreasons.

SowhatdoesRussiafitinallofthis?It’sflushwithcashfromitsoilreservesanditiseworld’ssecondlargestproducer.th

Let’stakealookatAfricanow.Libyahasthemostoilreservesonthecontinent,about39billionbarrels.Andfurthersouth,Nigeriahaslotsofcrudebutlotsofproblemstoo.Militantsroutinelyattackoilinstallationsandkidnapworkers,disruptingproductionandmakinglowerpricessoar.

Allthat’ssaid.Whoisgoingtoquenchtheglobalthirstforoilinthefuture?Well,itcouldbethatBrazilbecomesthenewestmajorexporterwithitsdiscoveryofahugeoffshoreoilfield.Theoilisatgreatdepth,some4milesbelowtheoceansurface.Butexpertssayitisrecoverable.

Andthatmaybethefutureforoil,goingtogreatextremestogetitoutoftheground.Analystsestimatethatthere’sanothertrillionbarrelsofoilyettobediscovered.ButtheysayitwouldbefoundinremoteplacesliketheArcticOcean.Soit’sgoingtocostalotofmoneytogetitfromthegroundintoyourfueltank.

Innovativeways

Premierautomaker

Domesticmarket/brilliant

B

1.Whenyourtimeexpires,redlightsblinkjusttomakesurethattheparkingcopgetsovertherequickly.Theyhaveelectriceyes.That'swhatIthinkisreallydiabolical.

2.Themeterissmartenoughtoknowifyourcarhashaditsallowedsixtyminutes,soyoucan'tfeedthemeterandbuyanotherhour.

3.Thelongeryou'vebeenparkedillegally,thehigheryourticket.

4.Iguesspeoplemustbethendevelopingrealinnovativewaystoparktheircars.

5.Youcanbuyacarelevatorforyourhouse,andthenyoucankeeptwocarsinwhereyouusedtohaveonlyspaceforone.

6.Youcanbuyathree-levelelevatorforyourhomeifyou'vegotthreecarsinthehouse.

7.I'vealwaysunderstoodthatmasstransitinTokyoisgreat.WhyisanybodybuyingacarlivinginTokyo?

8."Myca,myca."It'stheEnglishphrase"mycar."

9.It'saprettybigironythattheworld'spremierautomakeristheabsoluteworstplacetohaveacar.

10.TheJapaneseautoindustryhasbeentryingtobuilduptheirdomesticmarket,andthey'vedoneitwithbrilliantsuccess.

Tapescript

I--InterviewerR--Reid

I:InmanyAmericancities,findingaplacetoparkyourcarcanbeaheadache;inTokyoit'smorelikeamigraine.Parkingisforbiddenon95percentofTokyo'sstreetsandbecauselandownerscanmakealotmoremoneybybuildingapartmentsorofficebuildings,thecityhasfewparkinggarages.Notsurprisingly,mostdriversparktheircarsillegally.Thegovernmenthasdecidedtofightback.Underthecity'snewparkinglawsthemaximumfineforleavingacarparkedillegallyovernightis1,400dollars.Thecheapestfineforaparkinginfractionrunsabout75dollars.T.R.ReidreportsfortheWashingtonPostfromTokyo.Hesaysthecity'strafficcopshaveevenenlistedthehelpofnewhigh-techparkingmeters.

R:Theyyellatthecop.Whenyourtimeexpires,redlightsblinkjusttomakesurethattheparkingcopgetsovertherequickly.Theyhaveelectriceyes.That'swhatIthinkisreallydiabolical.Theyhaveanelectriceye.Theyseeyourcartheminuteitpullsin,sotheideaofsittingatthemeterforawhileanddoingsomework--youcan'tdothatbecauseyoursixtyminutesisalreadytickingaway.

Themeterissmartenoughtoknowifyourcarhashaditsallowedsixtyminutes,soyoucan'tfeedthemeterandbuyanotherhour.Anditkeepstickingafteryourtimeisupsothatittellsthecophowlongyou'vebeenthere.Andthelongeryou'vebeenparkedillegally,thehigheryourticket.

I:Isthere...Imean...Iguesspeoplemustbethendevelopingrealinnovativewaystoparktheircars.

R:Therearesomereallyremarkabledevicesdesignedtofitmorethanonecarintooneparkingplace:carelevators,carcarousels.

I:Andthese,ofcourse,arebusinesses.Peopledon'tbringthemwiththem,dothey?

R:Youcanbuyacarelevatorforyourhouse,andwhattheydoistheydigdownundertheonethat--thetinylittlepostagestampwhereyou'reallowedtoparkyourcaroutsideyourhouse--andsothere'stwolevelandthenjustanelevator,andyoucankeeptwocarsinwhereyouusedtohaveonlyspaceforone.

I:Ahh.

R:Youcanbuythisforaprivatehome.Youcanbuyathree-levelelevatorforyourhomeifyou'vegotthreecarsinthehouse.

I:I'vealwaysunderstoodthatmasstransitinTokyo--andtherestofJapan,forthatmatter--isgreat.WhyisanybodybuyingacarlivinginTokyo?

R:Exactly.Iagreealltheway.Youcangetanywhereyouwantinthistown.Thereasonispeoplecanafforditnow.It'sanewidea.Theyhavethemoney,andyougottadosomethingwiththismoney,andyou'vealreadytakenseveraltripstoHawaii.Youcan'tquiteaffordtobuyahouseyet,andsobuyingacaristhethingtodo.

I.Thiscarboom-infact,Igatherthere'sanameforiteven.

R."Myca,myca."It'stheEnglishphrase"mycar."

I.Well,it'saprettybigironythattheworld'spremierautomakeristheabsoluteworstplace--infact,animpossibleplace--tohaveacar.

R.Exactly.AndoneofthethingstheJapaneseautoindustryhasbeendoing,hasbeentryingtobuilduptheirdomesticmarket,andthey'vedoneitwithbrilliantsuccess.Ofcourse,theyhadanincrediblyprosperouseconomy.Nowtheproblemisthere'snoplaceforthesecars.

PARTIVcleanaircars

A

1.Besidesgasolineorpetrol,whatcancarsbepoweredby?

2.Haveyoueverheardaboutcarspoweredbynaturalgas?Doyouknowtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingnaturalgas?

3.Doyouthinkcarspoweredbynaturalgaswillbeanewtrendofautomobilesinthefuture?Whyorwhynot?

B

1.Whyisnaturalgasagoodalternativetogasoline,orpetrol?

2.WhatistheCleanAirCabCompany?

3.Whatarethedisadvantagesofusingnaturalgastoreplacegasoline?

4.Howdoyourefuelthecarwithnaturalgas?

C

1.Whyisnaturalgasbetterfortheenvironmentthanpetrol?

Muchcleaner/comesoutaswatervapor/doesnotreleasecarbonmonoxide

2.WhatistheCleanAirCabCompany?

Fleetoftaxicabspoweredbynaturalgas/runbytwoyoungmen

3.Whattechnologicalinnovationisinthe1993ChevroletCapriceusedintheinauguralparade?

Computerizedsystemtodelivernaturalgastoengine

4.Whyisnaturalgassaferthanpetrol?

Doesnotburnlikepetrol

5.Whyisitagoodideatohaveapetrolfuelingsystemasabackupforthenaturalgassystem?

Couldrunout/notmanynaturalgasstationsyet

6.Whatdotheenvironmentalistsseeastheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthissystem?

Disadvantage:limitedresourcelikecoal,etc.

Adv:largereservesstillavailable

7.Whatisinvolvedintheprocessoffillingupthetankwithnaturalgas?

Putcreditcardintoslot/unlocksgashose/attachesgasnozzletocar/turnsslowly/waitforpressuretorise/takes4-5minutes

8.Howmuchgascanthetankholdonahotday?Howfarcanthecartravelonafulltank?

3,400pounds/253miles

Tapescript:

Thedaymaysooncomewhen,insteadoffillingupyourcarwithgasolineorpetrol,you'lltakethecartoastationandfillituplikeabicycletire,withacompressedgas-naturalgas.That'llbeagoodday,saymanyenvironmentalists,becausepetrolreleasespollutantsintotheatmosphere,whereasnaturalgasismuchcleaner.Itcomesoutofthecarmainlyaswatervaporandwithnocarbonmonoxide.

OneofthesmallcompaniesisrighthereinWashington,DC.ThecompanyiscalledCleanAirCab,anditmaybetheUnitedStates'veryfirstfleetoftaxicabspoweredbynaturalgas.Thefoundersareacoupleofdeterminedyoungentrepreneurs,JimDoyleandToddRuell.

"Thishereisa1993ChevroletCaprice,oneofsixprototypesintheUnitedStatesthatwasdeliveredbyGeneralMotorsforuseintheinauguralparade.It'sacomputerizedsystemfordeliveringnaturalgastotheengine.We'rehopingthatthisisgoingtobethewaveintechnologyofthefuturefortransportation."

Forthemoment,allsixcabsareparkedinadowntowngarage.Thecabsareshinywhite,withsignsonthemaboutcleanairandnaturalgas.

"Canwegoforaride?"

"Yeah,let'stakethatonethere,numberfour.We'llgoforafill-up."

Therehavebeenquestionsaboutpermittingsignssaying"poweredbycleannaturalgas"ontheoutsideofthecabs,andquestionsaboutnaturalgasitself.Isitsafe?Ordoesiteasilyexplode?ToddRuellsaysnottoworry.

"Naturalgasdissipatesuponimpact.It'slikepoppingaballoon:itgoesup.It'saninertgas.Itdissipatesintotheatmosphere."

"Yeah,butsayyouhaveafiregoingasitdissipates."

"Ifthere'safiregoing,itwouldn'tbebecauseofthenaturalgas.Impactwillnotcausethegastoexplode.Asamatteroffact,youcantakeagunandfireatthetank,andthegaswouldjustreleaseandgoupintotheatmosphere.Whereasgasolineisquitecombustible.Itwillexplode.Andthebottomlineisitissaferthanourfuelledcarstoday."

Wedrivealongtothegasstation.Thecarsoundsandfeel