021SEI的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提問單

提升研發(fā)管理能力推動(dòng)企業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新 PAGE3SEI的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提問單

目錄0.說明31、ProductEngineering產(chǎn)品工程31.1Requirements需求31.2Design設(shè)計(jì)61.3CodeandUnitTest編碼和單元測試91.4IntegrationandTest集成與測試111.5EngineeringSpecialties工程特性132.DevelopmentEnvironment開發(fā)環(huán)境152.1DevelopmentProcess開發(fā)過程152.2.DevelopmentSystem開發(fā)環(huán)境172.3.ManagementProcess管理過程192.4ManagementMethods管理方法212.5WorkEnvironment工作氛圍223.ProgramConstraints項(xiàng)目約束243.1Resources資源243.2Contract合同273.3ProgramInterfaces項(xiàng)目接口28

0.說明本提問單是MarvinJ.Carr等所寫的《Taxonomy-BasedRiskIdentification》附錄A“Taxonomy-BasedQuestionnaire”?！禩axonomy-BasedRiskIdentification》是CMU/SEI-93-TR-6的TechnicalReport。提問單共有194個(gè)問題，是對3大類13小類64項(xiàng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的注釋提問。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分類詳細(xì)列表：產(chǎn)品工程開發(fā)環(huán)境項(xiàng)目約束1、需求1、開發(fā)過程1、項(xiàng)目資源2、設(shè)計(jì)2、開發(fā)環(huán)境2、合作合同3、編碼和單元測試3、管理過程3、外部接口4、集成和測試4、管理方法5、工程特性5、工作氛圍1、ProductEngineering產(chǎn)品工程1.1Requirements需求a.Stability穩(wěn)定性[Arerequirementschangingevenastheproductisbeingproduced?][在產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中，是否有需求變更發(fā)生？][1]Aretherequirementsstable?需求是否穩(wěn)定？(No)(1.a)Whatistheeffectonthesystem?（不）(1.a)需求穩(wěn)定性會(huì)在哪些方面對系統(tǒng)造成影響？Quality質(zhì)量Functionality功能Schedule進(jìn)度Integration集成Design設(shè)計(jì)Testing測試[2]Aretheexternalinterfaceschanging?外部接口是否會(huì)發(fā)生變化？b.Completeness完整性[Arerequirementsmissingorincompletelyspecified?][需求是否有遺漏或者表述不完整的地方?][3]ArethereanyTBDsinthespecifications?在需求規(guī)格說明書中是否存在待確認(rèn)的內(nèi)容?[4]Arethererequirementsyouknowshouldbeinthespecificationbutaren抰?需求規(guī)格說明書中是否遺漏了一些需求？(Yes)(4.a)Willyoubeabletogettheserequirementsintothesystem?（是）(4.a)你能夠?qū)⑦@些需求納入系統(tǒng)嗎？[5]Doesthecustomerhaveunwrittenrequirements/expectations?是否有些客戶的需求還沒有編制成文檔？(Yes)(5.a)Isthereawaytocapturetheserequirements?（是）(5.a)是否存在一個(gè)獲取這些需求的途徑或方法？[6]Aretheexternalinterfacescompletelydefined?外部接口是否被完整定義？c.Clarity清晰性[Arerequirementsunclearorinneedofinterpretation?][是否存在描述不清楚的需求，或需進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行解釋？][7]Areyouabletounderstandtherequirementsaswritten?規(guī)格說明書中的每一項(xiàng)需求你都能正確理解嗎？(No)(7.a)Aretheambiguitiesbeingresolvedsatisfactorily?(不)含混不清的地方已經(jīng)修改清楚？(Yes)(7.b)Therearenoambiguitiesorproblemsofinterpretation?（是）(7.b)沒有含混不清的需求描述或解釋不清的問題？d.Validity有效性[Willtherequirementsleadtotheproductthecustomerhasinmind?]所確定的軟件需求與客戶需求是否是一致的？[8]Arethereanyrequirementsthatmaynotspecifywhatthecustomerreallywants?是否存在一些需求沒有滿足客戶真正的要求？(Yes)(8.a)Howareyouresolvingthis?(是)你是怎樣解決的？[9]Doyouandthecustomerunderstandthesamethingbytherequirements?你與客戶對需求的理解是否一致？(Yes)(9.a)Isthereaprocessbywhichtodeterminethis?(是)有沒有可以驗(yàn)證這種一致性的相關(guān)流程？[10]Howdoyouvalidatetherequirements?你是怎樣進(jìn)行需求有效性地驗(yàn)證？Prototyping原型法Analysis分析Simulations仿真e.Feasibility可行性[Arerequirementsinfeasiblefromananalyticalpointofview?]從需求分析的角度看，某些需求是否是不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的？[11]Arethereanyrequirementsthataretechnicallydifficulttoimplement?是否有些需求在實(shí)現(xiàn)上存在技術(shù)難點(diǎn)？(Yes)(11.a)Whatarethey?(是)都有哪些難點(diǎn)？(Yes)(11.b)Whyaretheydifficulttoimplement?(是)為什么會(huì)難于實(shí)現(xiàn)？(No)(11.c)Werefeasibilitystudiesdonefortheserequirements?(否)是否對這些需求進(jìn)行了可實(shí)現(xiàn)性的研究分析？(Yes)(11.c.1)Howconfidentareyouoftheassumptionsmadeinthestudies?(是)你對分析研究中的假設(shè)有多大的把握？f.Precedent未實(shí)現(xiàn)過[Dorequirementsspecifysomethingneverdonebefore,orthatyourcompanyhasnotdonebefore?]是否有需求是公司以前沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)過，或業(yè)界也沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)過？[12]Arethereanystate-of-the-artrequirements?是否存在一些可以代表最新技術(shù)發(fā)展水平的需求？Technologies技術(shù)Methods方法Languages語言Hardware硬件(No)(12.a)Areanyofthesenewtoyou?(否)在這些需求中，是否有一些對你來說是全新的？(Yes)(12.b)Doestheprogramhavesufficientknowledgeintheseareas?(是)在這些領(lǐng)域，本開發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)是否存在足夠的技術(shù)知識基礎(chǔ)？(No)(12.b.1)Isthereaplanforacquiringknowledgeintheseareas?(否)有沒有獲得這些領(lǐng)域知識的相應(yīng)計(jì)劃？g.Scale范圍[Dorequirementsspecifyaproductlarger,morecomplex,orrequiringalargerorganizationthanintheexperienceofthecompany?]與公司以往的開發(fā)經(jīng)歷相比，開發(fā)產(chǎn)品將是規(guī)模更大、更復(fù)雜或需要更多的人參與？[13]Isthesystemsizeandcomplexityaconcern?系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模和復(fù)雜度是否也被作為本次開發(fā)的一個(gè)關(guān)注點(diǎn)？(No)(13.a)Haveyoudonesomethingofthissizeandcomplexitybefore?(否)你以前進(jìn)行過類似規(guī)模和復(fù)雜度的開發(fā)嗎？[14]Doesthesizerequirealargerorganizationthanusualforyourcompany?這么大規(guī)模的開發(fā)任務(wù)是否需要比以往更大的開發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)？1.2Design設(shè)計(jì)a.Functionality功能性[Arethereanypotentialproblemsinmeetingfunctionalityrequirements?]在系統(tǒng)需求功能實(shí)現(xiàn)方面，是否存在潛在的問題？[15]Arethereanyspecifiedalgorithmsthatmaynotsatisfytherequirements?是否存的某些運(yùn)算法則不能滿足需求的情況？(No)(15.a)AreanyofthealgorithmsordesignsmarginalwithrespecttomeetingRequirements?(否)是否所有運(yùn)算法則和設(shè)計(jì)都能滿足需求要求？[16]Howdoyoudeterminethefeasibilityofalgorithmsanddesigns?你是如何決定運(yùn)算法則和設(shè)計(jì)的可行性的？Prototyping原型法Modeling建模Analysis分析Simulation仿真b.Difficulty困難[Willthedesignand/orimplementationbedifficulttoachieve?在系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)中，是否存在一些困難？[17]Doesanyofthedesigndependonunrealisticoroptimisticassumptions?是否有設(shè)計(jì)是基于不可實(shí)現(xiàn)或過分樂觀的假設(shè)之上的？[18]Arethereanyrequirementsorfunctionsthataredifficulttodesign?是否有些需求存在設(shè)計(jì)上的困難？(No)(18.a)Doyouhavesolutionsforalltherequirements?(否)對這些設(shè)計(jì)困難的需求，你有相應(yīng)的解決方案嗎？(Yes)(18.b)Whataretherequirements?(是)都是哪些需求？Whyaretheydifficult?為什么會(huì)存在這些困難？c.Interfaces接口[Aretheinternalinterfaces(hardwareandsoftware)welldefinedandcontrolled?]內(nèi)部接口（包括硬件和軟件兩個(gè)方面）是否均得到了良好的定義和控制？[19]Aretheinternalinterfaceswelldefined?內(nèi)部接口是否得到了良好的定義？Software-to-software軟件和軟件之間Software-to-hardware軟件和硬件之間[20]Isthereaprocessfordefininginternalinterfaces?是否存在一個(gè)關(guān)于內(nèi)部接口定義的流程？(Yes)(20.a)Isthereachangecontrolprocessforinternalinterfaces?(是)內(nèi)部接口的更改是否存在一個(gè)變更控制流程？[21]Ishardwarebeingdevelopedinparallelwithsoftware?硬件是否和軟件平行進(jìn)行開發(fā)？(Yes)(21.a)Arethehardwarespecificationschanging?(是)硬件需求規(guī)格說明書可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化嗎？(Yes)(21.b)Havealltheinterfacestosoftwarebeendefined?(是)是否所有與軟件的接口均得到了定義？(Yes)(21.c)Willtherebeengineeringdesignmodelsthatcanbeusedtotestthesoftware?(是)在軟件測試過程中是否用到了一些工程設(shè)計(jì)模型？d.Performance性能[Aretherestringentresponsetimeorthroughputrequirements?]在響應(yīng)時(shí)間和吞吐量方面是否有嚴(yán)格的要求？[22]Arethereanyproblemswithperformance?性能方面有哪些問題？Throughput吞吐量Schedulingasynchronousreal-timeevents異步實(shí)時(shí)事件處理的調(diào)度Real-timeresponse實(shí)時(shí)響應(yīng)Recoverytimelines故障復(fù)時(shí)間Responsetime響應(yīng)時(shí)間Databaseresponse,contention,oraccess數(shù)據(jù)庫的響應(yīng)、競用與訪問？[23]Hasaperformanceanalysisbeendone?做過性能分析嗎？(Yes)(23.a)Whatisyourlevelofconfidenceintheperformanceanalysis?(是)在性能分析方面，你有多大的把握？(Yes)(23.b)Doyouhaveamodeltotrackperformancethroughdesignandimplementation?在整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中，有沒有一個(gè)模型來對性能進(jìn)行跟蹤?e.Testability可測性[Istheproductdifficultorimpossibletotest?]產(chǎn)品是否很難或不可能測試？[24]Isthesoftwaregoingtobeeasytotest?軟件是否將很容易測試？[25]Doesthedesignincludefeaturestoaidtesting?進(jìn)行了可測性設(shè)計(jì)？[26]Dothetestersgetinvolvedinanalyzingrequirements?測試人員是否參與了對需求的分析過程？f.HardwareConstraints硬件限制[Aretheretightconstraintsonthetargethardware?]硬件方面有沒有嚴(yán)格的限制？[27]Doesthehardwarelimityourabilitytomeetanyrequirements?硬件是否限制了需求的實(shí)現(xiàn)？Architecture硬件結(jié)構(gòu)Memorycapacity存儲(chǔ)能力Throughput容量Real-timeresponse實(shí)時(shí)響應(yīng)Responsetime響應(yīng)時(shí)間Recoverytimelines恢復(fù)時(shí)間邊界Databaseperformance數(shù)據(jù)庫性能Functionality功能Reliability可靠性Availability可用性g.Non-DevelopmentalSoftware非自主開發(fā)[Arethereproblemswithsoftwareusedintheprogrambutnotdevelopedbytheprogram?〕項(xiàng)目組使用的非本項(xiàng)目組開發(fā)的軟件是否有問題？Ifre-usedorre-engineeredsoftwareexists如果軟件有重用或者需二次開發(fā)部分[28]Areyoureusingorre-engineeringsoftwarenotdevelopedontheprogram?本項(xiàng)目中是否存在重用或者需二次開發(fā)的軟件？(Yes)(28.a)Doyouforeseeanyproblems?是否預(yù)見了下列問題？Documentation文檔Performance性能Functionality功能Timelydelivery按時(shí)發(fā)布Customization客戶化IfCOTSsoftwareisbeingused是否使用了商用外購軟件[29]ArethereanyproblemswithusingCOTS(commercialoff-the-shelf)software?在使用商用外購軟件方面是否存在問題？Insufficientdocumentationtodetermineinterfaces,size,orperformance軟件接口、規(guī)模和性能等方面缺乏充分的文檔。Poorperformance較差的性能Requiresalargeshareofmemoryordatabasestorage要求有一個(gè)較大的共享內(nèi)存或者數(shù)據(jù)庫存儲(chǔ)Difficulttointerfacewithapplicationsoftware與應(yīng)用軟件較難接口Notthoroughlytested沒有經(jīng)過充分測試Notbugfree工具本身存在的缺陷沒有解決Notmaintainedadequately沒有足夠的維護(hù)支持Slowvendorresponse供應(yīng)商響應(yīng)較慢[30]DoyouforeseeanyproblemwithintegratingCOTSsoftwareupdatesorrevisions?你預(yù)測過因?yàn)樗褂玫纳逃密浖壱鸬膯栴}嗎？1.3CodeandUnitTest編碼和單元測試a.Feasibility可行性[Istheimplementationofthedesigndifficultorimpossible?]設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)現(xiàn)存在困難或不可能？[31]Areanypartsoftheproductimplementationnotcompletelydefinedbythedesignspecification?實(shí)現(xiàn)與設(shè)計(jì)不一致？[32]Aretheselectedalgorithmsanddesignseasytoimplement?選取的算法和設(shè)計(jì)是否較容易實(shí)現(xiàn)？b.Testing單元測試的充分性[Arethespecifiedlevelandtimeforunittestingadequate?]給定的測試覆蓋度是否是足夠的？單元測試時(shí)間是否是充分的？[33]Doyoubeginunittestingbeforeyouverifycodewithrespecttothedesign?在驗(yàn)證代碼與設(shè)計(jì)的一致性之前，你是否進(jìn)行了單元測試？[34]Hassufficientunittestingbeenspecified?單元測試設(shè)計(jì)、方案和用例是否是充分的？[35]Istheresufficienttimetoperformalltheunittestingyouthinkshouldbedone?是否有足夠的時(shí)間執(zhí)行你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該進(jìn)行的所有單元測試？[36]Willcompromisesbemaderegardingunittestingiftherearescheduleproblems?是否因?yàn)檫M(jìn)度壓力而使得單元測試做出了一些讓步？c.Coding/Implementation編碼/實(shí)現(xiàn)[Arethereanyproblemswithcodingandimplementation?]編碼和實(shí)現(xiàn)是否存在什么問題？[37]Arethedesignspecificationsinsufficientdetailtowritethecode?詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)說明書是否詳細(xì)到足以指導(dǎo)編碼的程度？[38]Isthedesignchangingwhilecodingisbeingdone?編碼開始后，設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)格書是否還有變更？[39]Aretheresystemconstraintsthatmakethecodedifficulttowrite?代碼編寫是否受到下列系統(tǒng)的限制？Timing時(shí)間效率限制Memory內(nèi)存限制Externalstorage外部存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)限制[40]Isthelanguagesuitableforproducingthesoftwareonthisprogram?項(xiàng)目開發(fā)的語言是否適用？[41]Aretheremultiplelanguagesusedontheprogram?項(xiàng)目開發(fā)中使用了多種語言？(Yes)(41.a)Isthereinterfacecompatibilitybetweenthecodeproducedbythedifferentcompilers?(是)不同語言的編譯環(huán)境下生成的代碼之間有無兼容性問題？[42]Isthedevelopmentcomputerthesameasthetargetcomputer?開發(fā)中使用的計(jì)算機(jī)與目標(biāo)環(huán)境的計(jì)算機(jī)是否一樣？(No)(42.a)Aretherecompilerdifferencesbetweenthetwo?(否)兩者之間是否存在編譯方面的區(qū)別？Ifdevelopmentalhardwareisbeingused是否用到了專用硬件設(shè)備？[43]Arethehardwarespecificationsadequatetocodethesoftware?是否硬件使用說明書中的內(nèi)容滿足軟件編碼的需要？[44]Arethehardwarespecificationschangingwhilethecodeisbeingwritten?編碼過程中，硬件使用說明書是否有變更？1.4IntegrationandTest集成與測試a.Environment環(huán)境[Istheintegrationandtestenvironmentadequate?]集成與測試環(huán)境是否是充分的？[45]Willtherebesufficienthardwaretodoadequateintegrationandtesting?集成與測試是否有足夠的硬件支持？[46]Isthereanyproblemwithdevelopingrealisticscenariosandtestdatatodemonstrateanyrequirements？在構(gòu)建目標(biāo)環(huán)境和測試數(shù)據(jù)以驗(yàn)證需求實(shí)現(xiàn)方面是否存在問題？Specifieddatatraffic特定的數(shù)據(jù)吞吐量Real-timeresponse實(shí)時(shí)響應(yīng)Asynchronouseventhandling異步事務(wù)處理Multi-userinteraction多客戶響應(yīng)[47]Areyouabletoverifyperformanceinyourfacility?是否可以在你的設(shè)備上對性能進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證？[48]Doeshardwareandsoftwareinstrumentationfacilitatetesting?硬件和軟件是否有助于進(jìn)行測試？(Yes)(48.a)Isitsufficientforalltesting?(是)足夠嗎？b.Product產(chǎn)品集成和測試[Istheinterfacedefinitioninadequate,facilitiesinadequate,timeinsufficient?]接口定義、設(shè)備和時(shí)間方面是否存在不充分的問題？[49]Willthetargethardwarebeavailablewhenneeded?如果需要，實(shí)際的運(yùn)行環(huán)境是否可以獲得？[50]Haveacceptancecriteriabeenagreedtoforallrequirements?所有需求的接受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否達(dá)成一致？(Yes)(50.a)Isthereaformalagreement?(是)有正式的協(xié)議嗎？[51]Aretheexternalinterfacesdefined,documented,andbaselined?外部接口是否確定、成文、并建立基線？[52]Arethereanyrequirementsthatwillbedifficulttotest?是否有難于測試的需求？[53]Hassufficientproductintegrationbeenspecified?是否確定了充分的產(chǎn)品集成方案？[54]Hasadequatetimebeenallocatedforproductintegrationandtest?為產(chǎn)品集成和測試是否分配了足夠的時(shí)間？IfCOTSsoftwareisbeingused是否使用了商用外購軟件[55]WillvendordatabeacceptedinverificationofrequirementsallocatedtoCOTSProducts?供應(yīng)商是否能提供足夠的數(shù)據(jù)，以驗(yàn)證商業(yè)外購件能滿足所分配需求？Yes)(55.a)Isthecontractclearonthat?(是)雙方協(xié)議上這些要求是否表述清楚？c.System系統(tǒng)集成和測試[Systemintegrationuncoordinated,poorinterfacedefinition,orinadequatefacilities?]系統(tǒng)集成是否存在不匹配、接口定義較差，缺乏工具等問題？[56]Hassufficientsystemintegrationbeenspecified?集成設(shè)計(jì)和方案是否是充分的？[57]Hasadequatetimebeenallocatedforsystemintegrationandtest?是否為系統(tǒng)集成和測試分配了足夠的時(shí)間？[58]Areallcontractorspartoftheintegrationteam?協(xié)約雙方都參與了系統(tǒng)集成嗎？[59]Willtheproductbeintegratedintoanexistingsystem?產(chǎn)品是否將被集成到已有的系統(tǒng)中？(Yes)(59.a)Isthereaparallelcutoverperiodwiththeexistingsystem?（(是)）產(chǎn)品的集成是否要求不中止原有系統(tǒng)？(No)(59.a.1)Howwillyouguaranteetheproductwillworkcorrectlywhenintegrated?在整個(gè)過程中，你如何保證該項(xiàng)工作的順利進(jìn)行？[60]Willsystemintegrationoccuroncustomersite?系統(tǒng)的整體集成是在客戶地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行的嗎？1.5EngineeringSpecialties工程特性a.Maintainability可維護(hù)性[Willtheimplementationbedifficulttounderstandormaintain?]系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)是否難以理解或不易維護(hù)性？[61]Doesthearchitecture,design,orcodecreateanymaintenancedifficulties?系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)、設(shè)計(jì)和編碼是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)維護(hù)的困難？[62]Arethemaintenancepeopleinvolvedearlyinthedesign?在早期的設(shè)計(jì)階段，是否維護(hù)人員就參與了進(jìn)來？[63]Istheproductdocumentationadequateformaintenancebyanoutsideorganization?為外部組織提供的與維護(hù)有關(guān)的產(chǎn)品文檔是否充分？b.Reliability可靠性[Arethereliabilityoravailabilityrequirementsdifficulttomeet?]可靠性和可用性的需求是否較難實(shí)現(xiàn)？[64]Arereliabilityrequirementsallocatedtothesoftware?可靠性的需求是否分配？[65]Areavailabilityrequirementsallocatedtothesoftware?可用性需求是否分配到軟件？(Yes)(65.a)Arerecoverytimelinesanyproblem?(是)恢復(fù)時(shí)限是否存在問題？c.Safety系統(tǒng)安全性[Arethesafetyrequirementsinfeasibleandnotdemonstrable?]安全性需求是否不可實(shí)現(xiàn)并且不可驗(yàn)證？[66]Aresafetyrequirementsallocatedtothesoftware?安全性的需求是否分配？(Yes)(66.a)Doyouseeanydifficultyinmeetingthesafetyrequirements?(是)在安全性需求方面，你發(fā)現(xiàn)存在哪些困難？[67]Willitbedifficulttoverifysatisfactionofsafetyrequirements?是否較難驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)安全性？d.Security保密性[Arethesecurityrequirementsmorestringentthanthecurrentstateofthepracticeorprogramexperience?]系統(tǒng)保密性的要求是否比當(dāng)前或以往項(xiàng)目所能達(dá)到的程度更嚴(yán)格？[68]Arethereunprecedentedorstate-of-the-artsecurityrequirements?系統(tǒng)的機(jī)密性是否要求達(dá)到當(dāng)代最新的技術(shù)發(fā)展水平？[69]IsitanOrangeBooksystem?是一個(gè)高度機(jī)密的系統(tǒng)嗎？[70]Haveyouimplementedthislevelofsecuritybefore?你以前實(shí)現(xiàn)過這樣的保密安全性需求嗎？e.HumanFactors接口的友好性[Willthesystemwillbedifficulttousebecauseofpoorhumaninterfacedefinition?]人機(jī)接口不夠友好，系統(tǒng)使用用不方便？[71]DoyouseeanydifficultyinmeetingtheHumanFactorsrequirements?在滿足友好性方面，你發(fā)現(xiàn)了哪些問題？(No)(71.a)Howareyouensuringthatyouwillmeetthehumaninterfacerequirements?你是如何保證你的系統(tǒng)能夠滿足客戶的可操作性要求？Ifprototyping是否使用了原型法？(Yes)(71.a.1)Isitathrow-awayprototype?(是)是一個(gè)放棄原型嗎？(No)(71.a.1a)Areyoudoingevolutionarydevelopment?(否)你正在進(jìn)行的是一次漸增式開發(fā)嗎？(Yes)(71.a.1a.1)Areyouexperiencedinthistypeofdevelopment?(是)你有這方面的開發(fā)經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎？(Yes)(71.a.1a.2)Areinterimversionsdeliverable?(是)中間版本要發(fā)布嗎？(Yes)(71.a.1a.3)Doesthiscomplicatechangecontrol?這個(gè)是否使得變更控制復(fù)雜化？f.Specifications規(guī)格說明書[Isthedocumentationadequatetodesign,implement,andtestthesystem?]系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、執(zhí)行和測試的文檔是否充分[72]Isthesoftwarerequirementsspecificationadequatetodesignthesystem?軟件需求規(guī)格說明書對于設(shè)計(jì)是否充分[73]Arethehardwarespecificationsadequatetodesignandimplementthesoftware?硬件使用說明書對于軟件開發(fā)是否充足？[74]Aretheexternalinterfacerequirementswellspecified?外部接口需求是否定義良好？[75]Arethetestspecificationsadequatetofullytestthesystem?測試規(guī)程對系統(tǒng)全面測試是否充分？Ifinorpastimplementationphase是否處于編碼階段還是編碼階段已經(jīng)完成？[76]Arethedesignspecificationsadequatetoimplementthesystem?設(shè)計(jì)說明書對于指導(dǎo)編碼是否充分？Internalinterfaces內(nèi)部接口2.DevelopmentEnvironment開發(fā)環(huán)境2.1DevelopmentProcess開發(fā)過程a.Formality過程正規(guī)化[Willtheimplementationbedifficulttounderstandormaintain?[系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)是否難以理解或維護(hù)？[77]Istheremorethanonedevelopmentmodelbeingused?是否使用多個(gè)開發(fā)模型？Spiral螺旋型Waterfall瀑布型Incremental增量型(Yes)(77.a)Iscoordinationbetweenthemaproblem?(是)(77.a)在他們之間的協(xié)作是一個(gè)問題？[78]Arethereformal,controlledplansforalldevelopmentactivities?開發(fā)活動(dòng)有正式和受控的開發(fā)計(jì)劃？Requirementsanalysis需求分析Design設(shè)計(jì)Code編碼Integrationandtest集成和測試Installation安裝Qualityassurance質(zhì)量保證Configurationmanagement配置管理(Yes)(78.a)Dotheplansspecifytheprocesswell?計(jì)劃中項(xiàng)目過程的描述是否清楚？(Yes)(78.b)Aredevelopersfamiliarwiththeplans?開發(fā)者們對計(jì)劃熟悉？ b.Suitability過程適用性[Istheprocesssuitedtothedevelopmentmodel,e.g.,spiral,prototyping?][過程是否適合開發(fā)模型,例如,螺旋,快速原型嗎？][79]Isthedevelopmentprocessadequateforthisproduct?開發(fā)過程對這個(gè)產(chǎn)品而言是否適用？[80]Isthedevelopmentprocesssupportedbyacompatiblesetofprocedures,methods,andtools?開發(fā)過程是否有一套與之相協(xié)調(diào)的規(guī)程、方法和工具所支持？c.ProcessControl過程控制[Isthesoftwaredevelopmentprocessenforced,monitored,andcontrolledusingmetrics?Aredistributeddevelopmentsitescoordinated?]開發(fā)過程是否被強(qiáng)制實(shí)施，并使用度量監(jiān)控開發(fā)過程？對于分散的開發(fā)地點(diǎn)是否同等對待？[81]Doeseveryonefollowthedevelopmentprocess?是否每個(gè)人都遵循開發(fā)過程？(Yes)(81.a)Howisthisinsured?(是)(81.a)如何保證這一點(diǎn)？[82]Canyoumeasurewhetherthedevelopmentprocessismeetingyourproductivityandqualitygoals?你是否估計(jì)過開發(fā)過程能實(shí)現(xiàn)你的生產(chǎn)率和質(zhì)量目標(biāo)？Iftherearedistributeddevelopmentsites如果開發(fā)地點(diǎn)是分散的[83]Isthereadequatecoordinationamongdistributeddevelopmentsites?分散的開發(fā)地點(diǎn)之間是否有足夠的協(xié)調(diào)合作？d.Familiarity過程熟悉[Aretheprojectmembersexperiencedinuseoftheprocess?Istheprocessunderstoodbyallstaffmembers?]項(xiàng)目成員有過程應(yīng)用經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎？是否都能理解過程？[84]Arepeoplecomfortablewiththedevelopmentprocess?人們適應(yīng)這種開發(fā)過程嗎？e.ProductControl產(chǎn)品控制[Aretheremechanismsforcontrollingchangesintheproduct?]是否有控制產(chǎn)品變更的機(jī)制？[85]Istherearequirementstraceabilitymechanismthattracksrequirementsfromthesourcespecificationthroughtestcases?是否有一套貫穿始終的需求跟蹤機(jī)制來確保需求從需求說明書到測試用例都有相應(yīng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)？[86]Isthetraceabilitymechanismusedinevaluatingrequirementchangeimpactanalyses?是否有明確的機(jī)制來評估需求變更可能帶來的影響沖擊？[87]Isthereaformalchangecontrolprocess?有一個(gè)正式的變更控制過程？(Yes)(87.a)Doesitcoverallchangestobaselinedrequirements,design,code,anddocumentation?(是)(87.a)它是否包含已基線化的設(shè)計(jì),代碼,文檔的變化？[88]Arechangesatanylevelmappeduptothesystemlevelanddownthroughthetestlevel?是否任何級別的變化都映射到系統(tǒng)一級，并且貫穿到測試一級？[89]Isthereadequateanalysiswhennewrequirementsareaddedtothesystem?當(dāng)有新需求時(shí)，是否有足夠的分析？[90]Doyouhaveawaytotrackinterfaces?你是否有跟蹤接口變化的方法？[91]Arethetestplansandproceduresupdatedaspartofthechangeprocess?測試計(jì)劃和過程是否作為變化過程的部分同步更新？2.2.DevelopmentSystem開發(fā)環(huán)境a.Capacity能力[Istheresufficientworkstationprocessingpower,memory,orstoragecapacity?]工作站的處理能力、硬盤和內(nèi)存是否足夠？[92]Arethereenoughworkstationsandprocessingcapacityforallstaff?提供給所有項(xiàng)目成員的資源是否足夠，比如計(jì)算機(jī)、工作站？[93]Istheresufficientcapacityforoverlappingphases,suchascoding,integrationandtest?當(dāng)諸如編碼、集成和測試階段重疊，是否足夠的資源？b.Suitability適應(yīng)性[Doesthedevelopmentsystemsupportallphases,activities,andfunctions?][開發(fā)環(huán)境是否支持所有的階段，活動(dòng)，功能？][94]Doesthedevelopmentsystemsupportallaspectsoftheprogram?開發(fā)環(huán)境是否可支持項(xiàng)目的下列各個(gè)方面？Requirementsanalysis需求分析Performanceanalysis性能分析Design 設(shè)計(jì) Coding 編碼 Test 測試 Documentation文檔Configurationmanagement配置管理Managementtracking 管理活動(dòng)跟蹤 Requirementstraceability需求跟蹤c.Usability可用性[Howeasyisthedevelopmentsystemtouse?][開發(fā)系統(tǒng)是否易用？][95]Dopeoplefindthedevelopmentsystemeasytouse?人們覺得開發(fā)系統(tǒng)易用嗎？[96]Istheregooddocumentationofthedevelopmentsystem?開發(fā)系統(tǒng)有好的文檔？d.Familiarity開發(fā)經(jīng)驗(yàn)[Istherelittlepriorcompanyorprojectmemberexperiencewiththedevelopmentsystem?]對于開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)，公司或項(xiàng)目以前有過類似的開發(fā)經(jīng)驗(yàn)？[97]Havepeopleusedthesetoolsandmethodsbefore?人們使用過這些工具和方法？e.Reliability可靠性[Doesthesystemsufferfromsoftwarebugs,down-time,insufficientbuilt-inback-up?]系統(tǒng)是否遇到了BUG、宕機(jī)、內(nèi)存不足等原因？[98]Isthesystemconsideredreliable?系統(tǒng)是可靠的嗎？Compiler編譯器Developmenttools開發(fā)工具Hardware硬件f.SystemSupport系統(tǒng)支持[Istheretimelyexpertorvendorsupportforthesystem?]開發(fā)系統(tǒng)有及時(shí)的專家或供應(yīng)商支持嗎？[99]Arethepeopletrainedinuseofthedevelopmenttools?人們在開發(fā)工具的使用方面有培訓(xùn)嗎？[100]Doyouhaveaccesstoexpertsinuseofthesystem?是否有尋求專家支持的途徑？[101]Dothevendorsrespondtoproblemsrapidly？供應(yīng)商對問題能快速響應(yīng)嗎？g.Deliverability交付能力[Arethedefinitionandacceptancerequirementsdefinedfordeliveringthedevelopmentsystemtothecustomernotbudgeted?]系統(tǒng)驗(yàn)收活動(dòng)是否列入計(jì)劃？[102]Areyoudeliveringthedevelopmentsystemtothecustomer?你正在把開發(fā)系統(tǒng)交付給顧客了嗎？(Yes)(102.a)Haveadequatebudget,schedule,andresourcesbeenallocatedforthisdeliverable?(是)(102.a)為這次交付成功是否列入時(shí)間表，資源？2.3.ManagementProcess管理過程a.Planning計(jì)劃[Istheplanningtimely,technicalleadsincluded,contingencyplanningdone?](開發(fā)計(jì)劃是否是及時(shí)的？計(jì)劃是否包含了技術(shù)指導(dǎo)和應(yīng)急計(jì)劃的內(nèi)容？)[103]Istheprogrammanagedaccordingtotheplan?項(xiàng)目按照計(jì)劃管理？(Yes)(103.a)Dopeopleroutinelygetpulledawaytofightfires?(是)(103.a)開發(fā)活動(dòng)是否經(jīng)常偏離計(jì)劃？[104]Isre-planningdonewhendisruptionsoccur?當(dāng)計(jì)劃出現(xiàn)偏離時(shí)，是否重新制定計(jì)劃？[105]Arepeopleatalllevelsincludedinplanningtheirownwork?項(xiàng)目中各個(gè)角色都有工作計(jì)劃？106]Aretherecontingencyplansforknownrisks?為已知的最重要的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)制定了應(yīng)急計(jì)劃？(Yes)(106.a)Howdoyoudeterminewhentoactivatethecontingencies?(是)(106.a)你怎樣確定觸發(fā)條件？[107]Arelong-termissuesbeingadequatelyaddressed?長期的問題是否記錄了？b.ProjectOrganization項(xiàng)目組織[Aretherolesandreportingrelationshipsclear?][角色和匯報(bào)關(guān)系是清楚的嗎？][108]Istheprogramorganizationeffective?項(xiàng)目組織是高效的嗎？[109]Dopeopleunderstandtheirownandothersrolesintheprogram?項(xiàng)目成員是否理解自己和其他人的角色？[110]Dopeopleknowwhohasauthorityforwhat?項(xiàng)目成員是否清楚每項(xiàng)任務(wù)誰來拍板？c.ManagementExperience管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)[Arethemanagersexperiencedinsoftwaredevelopment,softwaremanagement,theapplicationdomain,thedevelopmentprocess,oronlargeprograms?][管理者是否在軟件開發(fā),軟件管理,應(yīng)用程序領(lǐng)域,開發(fā)進(jìn)程,或大型項(xiàng)目上有經(jīng)驗(yàn)？][111]Doestheprogramhaveexperiencedmanagers?項(xiàng)目過程有經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的管理者嗎？Softwaremanagement軟件管理Hands-onsoftwaredevelopment現(xiàn)成的軟件開發(fā)Withthisdevelopmentprocess與開發(fā)進(jìn)程相關(guān)的Intheapplicationdomain在應(yīng)用程序域的Programsizeorcomplexity程序規(guī)?；驈?fù)雜性d.ProgramInterfaces項(xiàng)目接口[Istherepoorinterfacewithcustomer,othercontractors,seniorand/orpeermanagers?][與顧客，其他的承包商，高級或同級管理者的接口是否是糟糕的？[112]Doesmanagementcommunicateproblemsupanddowntheline?管理交流渠道是否暢通的？[113]Areconflictswiththecustomerdocumentedandresolvedinatimelymanner?與顧客的分歧被一種及時(shí)的方式記錄并且解決？[114]Doesmanagementinvolveappropriateprogrammembersinmeetingswiththecustomer?與顧客會(huì)面時(shí)項(xiàng)目中各相應(yīng)的人員是否參加了？Technicalleaders技術(shù)負(fù)責(zé)人Developers 開發(fā)人員Analysts 分析員 [115]Doesmanagementworktoensurethatallcustomerfactionsarerepresentedindecisionsregardingfunctionalityandoperation?組織管理是否可確保不同客戶關(guān)于功能和操作的要求在決策中都能得到考慮？[116]Isitgoodpoliticstopresentanoptimisticpicturetothecustomerorseniormanagement?給客戶或高級管理者描繪項(xiàng)目樂觀的前景是否是好的策略？2.4ManagementMethods管理方法a.Monitoring監(jiān)控[Aremanagementmetricsdefinedanddevelopmentprogresstracked?]是否定義了管理度量，開發(fā)過程是否得到跟蹤？[117]Arethereperiodicstructuredstatusreports?是否定期有狀態(tài)報(bào)告？(Yes)(117.a)Dopeoplegetaresponsetotheirstatusreports?(是)狀態(tài)報(bào)告的結(jié)果是否有反饋？[118]Doesappropriateinformationgetreportedtotherightorganizationallevels?恰當(dāng)?shù)男畔⑹欠穹答伒较鄳?yīng)的組織？[119]Doyoutrackprogressversusplan?跟蹤計(jì)劃進(jìn)度？(Yes)(119.a)Doesmanagementhaveaclearpictureofwhatisgoingon?(是)管理者對進(jìn)度有清晰的了解？1b.PersonnelManagement人員管理[Areprojectpersonneltrainedandusedappropriately?〕[項(xiàng)目人員是否接受過培訓(xùn)并且恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂脝?？][120]Dopeoplegettrainedinskillsrequiredforthisprogram?項(xiàng)目成員是否能獲得項(xiàng)目所需的技能培訓(xùn)？(Yes)(120.a)Isthispartoftheprogramplan?(是)這被列入計(jì)劃嗎？[121]Dopeoplegetassignedtotheprogramwhodonotmatchtheexperienceprofileforyourworkarea?是否項(xiàng)目成員被安排的工作與工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)不符？[122]Isiteasyforprogrammemberstogetmanagementaction?項(xiàng)目成員是否易于理解管理活動(dòng)？[123]Areprogrammembersatalllevelsawareoftheirstatusversusplan?各級項(xiàng)目成員是否清楚各自的計(jì)劃執(zhí)行狀態(tài)？[124]Dopeoplefeelitimportanttokeeptotheplan?項(xiàng)目成員是否認(rèn)為遵守計(jì)劃是重要的？[125]Doesmanagementconsultwithpeoplebeforemakingdecisionsthataffecttheirwork?管理者在做影響項(xiàng)目成員的工作的決定前與他們一起商量？[126]Doesprogrammanagementinvolveappropriateprogrammembersinmeetingswiththecustomer?管理者會(huì)見顧客時(shí)是否包括了適當(dāng)?shù)男〗M成員？技術(shù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人開發(fā)者分析員c.QualityAssurance質(zhì)量保證[Arethereadequateproceduresandresourcestoassureproductquality?][有足夠的規(guī)程和資源確保產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量嗎？][127]Isthesoftwarequalityassurancefunctionadequatelystaffedonthisprogram?項(xiàng)目有足夠的軟件質(zhì)量保證人員？1[128]Doyouhavedefinedmechanismsforassuringquality?你定義了質(zhì)量保證機(jī)制？(Yes)(128.a)Doallareasandphaseshavequalityprocedures?(是)所有的領(lǐng)域和階段都有質(zhì)量規(guī)程？(Yes)(128.b)Arepeopleusedtoworkingwiththeseprocedures?(是)人們習(xí)慣按照這種質(zhì)量規(guī)程工作？d.ConfigurationManagement配置管理[Arethechangeproceduresorversioncontrol,includinginstallationsite(s),adequate?]變更規(guī)程或版本控制（含安裝的地點(diǎn)）是否是完備的？[129]Doyouhaveanadequateconfigurationmanagementsystem?你有一個(gè)足夠的配置管理系統(tǒng)？[130]Istheconfigurationmanagementfunctionadequatelystaffed?配置管理人員是否是足夠的？[131]Iscoordinationrequiredwithaninstalledsystem?是否需要與已安裝的軟件系統(tǒng)相協(xié)作？(Yes)(131.a)Isthereadequateconfigurationmanagementoftheinstalledsystem?(是)(131.a)所安裝的系統(tǒng)是否納入配置管理？(Yes)(131.b)Doestheconfigurationmanagementsystemsynchronizeyourworkwithsitechanges?(是)在工作地點(diǎn)變更時(shí)，配置管理系統(tǒng)能使你的工作同步？[132]Areyouinstallinginmultiplesites?你在多個(gè)地點(diǎn)安裝配置管理系統(tǒng)？(Yes)(132.a)Doestheconfigurationmanagementsystemprovideformultiplesites?(是)配置管理系統(tǒng)為多重的地點(diǎn)提供服務(wù)？2.5WorkEnvironment工作氛圍a.QualityAttitude質(zhì)量態(tài)度[Istherealackoforientationtowardqualitywork?]項(xiàng)目成員對質(zhì)量工作有輕視的傾向？[133]Areallstafflevelsorientedtowardqualityprocedures?是否引導(dǎo)所有的項(xiàng)目成員遵循質(zhì)量規(guī)程？[134]Doesschedulegetinthewayofquality?時(shí)間安排確保質(zhì)量活動(dòng)？b.Cooperation合作[Istherealackofteamspirit?Doesconflictresolutionrequiremanagementintervention?][缺乏團(tuán)隊(duì)精神？沖突解決都要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)出面嗎？][135]Dopeopleworkcooperativelyacrossfunctionalboundaries?成員們能突破功能界限通力合作？[136]Dopeopleworkeffectivelytowardcommongoals?人們有效地朝共同的目標(biāo)工作？[137]Ismanagementinterventionsometimesrequiredtogetpeopleworkingtogether需要借助管理的干涉使成員一起工作？c.Communication交流[Istherepoorawarenessofmissionorgoals,poorcommunicationoftechnicalinformationamongpeersandmanagers?][同行中缺乏目標(biāo)、技術(shù)信息交流？][138]Istheregoodcommunicationamongthemembersoftheprogram?在小組成員之中有良好溝通？Managers管理者Technicalleaders技術(shù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人Developers開發(fā)Testers測試者Configurationmanagement配置管理Qualityassurance質(zhì)量保證[139]Arethemanagersreceptivetocommunicationfromprogramstaff?管理者樂于接受項(xiàng)目成員的反饋？(Yes)(139.a)Doyoufeelfreetoaskyourmanagersforhelp?（是）。當(dāng)你向你的主管尋求幫助時(shí)，是否會(huì)感覺到障礙？(Yes)(139.b)Aremembersoftheprogramabletoraiseriskswithouthavingasolutioninhand?（是）項(xiàng)目成員是否能在沒有解決方法的時(shí)候敢于提出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)？[140]Dotheprogrammembersgettimelynotificationofeventsthatmayaffecttheirwork?項(xiàng)目成員能及時(shí)知道可以影響他們的工作的事件？(Yes)(140.a)Isthisformalorinformal?(是)(140.a)是正式或非正式的？d.Morale士氣[Isthereanon-productive,non-creativeatmosphere?Dopeoplefeelthatthereisnorecognitionorrewardforsuperiorwork?][是一個(gè)沒有效率,沒有創(chuàng)造性的氣氛嗎？人們沒有感到賞罰分明？][141]Howismoraleontheprogram?成員士氣怎么樣？(No)(141.a)Whatisthemaincontributingfactortolowmorale?(沒有)(141.a)低士氣的主要因素是什么？[142]Isthereanyproblemkeepingthepeopleyouneed?有什么問題正困擾你的成員嗎？3.ProgramConstraints項(xiàng)目約束3.1Resources資源a.Schedule進(jìn)度[Isthescheduleinadequateorunstable?][進(jìn)度是否不充分或不穩(wěn)定？][143]Hastheschedulebeenstable?進(jìn)度穩(wěn)定嗎？[144]Istheschedulerealistic?進(jìn)度切合實(shí)際嗎？1(Yes)(144.a)Istheestimationmethodbasedonhistoricaldata?（是的）(144.a）估計(jì)方法是基于歷史數(shù)據(jù)嗎？(Yes)(144.b)Hasthemethodworkedwellinthepast?（是的）(144.b）估計(jì)方法在以前被證實(shí)好用嗎？[145]Isthereanythingforwhichad