Unit+4+Scientists+Who+Changed+the+World+Extended+Reading+高中英語譯林版（2020）必修第三冊+

Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldTheValueofScienceTheValueofScienceWhoisRichardFeynman?Americanphysicistwhopredictedthefutureofnanotechnology(納米技術(shù)),andimprovedthescientificunderstandingofthenatureofwavesandparticlesandtheinteractionsoflightandmatter.

HewonNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1965.

WhenIwasyounger,Ithoughtsciencewouldmakegoodthingsforeverybody.Itwasobviouslyuseful;itwasgood.ButthenduringthewarIworkedontheatomicbomb.Thisresultofsciencewasobviouslyveryserious—itrepresentedthedestructionofpeopleanditputourfutureatrisk.Ihadtoaskmyself,“Istheresomeevilinvolvedinscience?"

Putanotherway,

whatisthevalueofthescienceIhadlongdevotedmyselfto—thethingIhadloved—whenIsawwhatterriblethingsitcoulddo?ItwasaquestionIhadtoanswer.Ithoughtlongandhardaboutthisquestion,andIwilltrytoansweritinthistalk.Para.1-2Whatquestionisraised?Whatcausedthespeaker’sconcernaboutquestion?

Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone:scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.Ofcourse,ifwemakegoodthings,itisnotonlytothecreditofscience;itisalsotothecreditofthemoralchoicewhichledustogoodwork.

Scientificknowledgeisanenablingpowertodoeithergoodorbad-butitdoesnotcarryinstructionsonhowtoapplyit.Suchpowerhasobviousvalue—eventhoughthepowermaybenegatedbywhatonedoeswithit.Value1:____________________________________

Accordingtotheauthor,whatcontriutetothegoodthingswemade?Howisthisvaluerelatedtothequstionatthebeginning?

Value1:enablepeopletodoandmakeallkindsofthingsSuchpowerhasobviousvalue—eventhoughthepowermaybenegatedbywhatonedoeswithit.

Anothervalueofscienceistheintellectualenjoymentitcanprovideuswith.Whenwelookatanyquestiondeeplyenough,wefeeltheexcitementandmysterycomingtousagainandagain.Withmoreknowledgecomesadeeper,morewonderfulmystery,inspiringonetolookdeeperstill.Neverconcernedthattheanswermayletusdown,withpleasureandconfidenceweturnovereachnewstonetofindunimaginedstrangenessleadingontomorewonderfulquestionsandmysteries.

Thankstothescientificeffort,wehavebeenledtoimagineallsortsofthingsmorefantasticthanpoetsanddreamersofthepastevercould.Value2:______________________________

circleoutwordsorphrasesshowingtheenjoymentadeeper,morewonderfulmysteryunimaginedstrangenesswonderfulquestionsandmysteriesimaginingallsortsoffantascticthingsValue2:provideuswithintellectualenjoyment

Iwouldnowliketoturntoathirdvaluethatsciencehas.Thescientisthasalotofexperiencewithignoranceanddoubtanduncertainty,andthisexperienceisofverygreatimportance.Whenascientistdoesn'tknowtheanswertoaproblem,heisignorant.Whenhehasanideaastowhattheresultis,heisuncertain.Andwhenheisprettysureofwhattheresultisgoingtobe,heisstillinsomedoubt.Howdoestheauthorexplainthethreeconcepts(概念)?

Now,wescientiststakeitforgrantedthatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.Butourfreedomtodoubtwasbornoutofadeepandstrongstruggleagainstauthorityintheearlydaysofscience.Inordertoprogress,wemustnotforgettheimportanceofthisstruggle;wemustrecognizeourignoranceandleaveroomfordoubt.Permitustoquestion—todoubt—tonotbesure.

Value3:thefreedomtodoubt

Itisourresponsibilityasscientists,knowingthegreatprogressthatisthefruitoffreedomofthought,todeclarethevalueofthisfreedom;toteachhowdoubtisnottobefearedbuttobewelcomedanddiscussed;andtodemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallcominggenerations.

Whatshouldscientistsdo?

Itisourresponsibilityasscientists,knowingthegreatprogressthatisthefruitoffreedomofthought,todeclarethevalueofthisfreedom;toteachhowdoubtisnottobefearedbuttobewelcomedanddiscussed;andtodemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallcominggenerations.ExpressionsP53itrepresentedthedestructionofpeopleput…atriskbeinvolvedin…putanotherwaybeofvaluebetothecreditofscienceScientificknowledgeisanenablingpowertodoeithergoodorbad.carryinstructionsonhowtoapplyitbenegatedby…intellectualenjoymentWithmoreknowledgecomesadeeper,morewonderfulmystery,inspiringonetolookdeeperstill.Never__________(concern)thattheanswermayletusdownfindunimaginedstrangenessAlotofexperiencewithignoranceanddoubtanduncertainty.

takeitforgranted(that…)Ourfreedomtodoubtwasbornoutofadeepandstrongstruggleagainstauthority.Recognizeourignoranceandleaveroomfordoubt.Permitustoquestion-todoubt-tonotbesure.concerneddeclarethevalueofthisfreedomdemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallcominggenerations.Focusinvolvecreditapplyinvolve=include包含；需要Anyinvestmentinvolvesrisks.Runningyourownbusinessinvolvesworkinglonghours.*involvesth/doingHouseworkinvolvescooking,washingdishedandcleaning.Mostpeopledon'trealizetheamountofeffort________(involve)inwritinganovel.involved(line4)Istheresomeevilinvolvedinscience?Cooking,washingdishedandcleaningareinvolvedinhousework.*sthbeinvolvedininvolve2.=influence牽涉；牽連；影響Thesechangeswillinvolveeveryoneonthelist.Therewasanincidentinvolvingagroupofyouths.Thisincidentreflectsbadlyoneveryoneinvolved.Hewasinvolvedinthatcrime.*be/getinvolvedin…被卷入involve3.tomakesbtakepartinsth（使）參加，加入Teachersshouldtrytheirbesttoinvolvechildrenintheclass.Reillyinvolves

himselfineveryaspectofhiscompany’sbusiness.Parentsshouldgetinvolvedinintheirchild'seducation.Threeteamsareinvolvedinthechaseforthechampionship.*involvesbin(doing)sth使…參加*get/beinvolvedin加入…Webelievethetimeandhardwork____________(involve)incompletingsuchanassignmentareworthwhile.Those____________(involve)and__________(benefit)fromtheillegalbusinessmustbepreparedtostandupandbequestioned."Genius"isacomplicatedconcept,______(involve)manydifferentfactors.Whenusedinwritingclass,themethodcangetstudentsactively____________(involve)inwritingactivities.involvedinvolvedbenefitinginvolvinginvolvedcredit1.approvalorpraise[un.]贊揚；稱贊；認(rèn)可Theynevergivehimanycreditforalltheextraworkhedoes.Wedidalltheworkandshegetsallthecreditforit!Tohiscredit,Jacknevertoldanyonewhathadhappened.*give/get/takecreditfor

sthCreditforthiswingoestoeverybodyintheteam.

*creditgoestosb*toone’scredit/tothecreditofsbifwemakegoodthings,itisnotonlytothecreditofscience;itisalsotothecreditofthemoralchoicewhichledustogoodworkcredit2.delayedpayment[un.]賒購；賒欠1)What'sthecreditlimit

onyourVisacard?2)Mostnewcarsarebought____credit.oncreditcardThecreditsinafilm Thiscoursecountsasonecredittowardsyourdegree.cn.演職人員表cn.學(xué)分creditcreditV.tobelieveoradmitthatsomeonehasaquality,orhasdonesomethinggood:認(rèn)為……有某品質(zhì)/把……歸功于Thecompanyiscreditedwithinventingtheindustrialrobot.Theinventionoftheindustrialrobotiscreditedtothecompany.

*AbecreditedwithB=BbecreditedtoA__________hercredit,shegaveahandtoanoldladyintherain.Hedoesn'tworkhardthisterm,asaresultofwhichhecan'tgetenough_________(credit).MuchofManchesterUnited'ssuccesscanbecredited______theirmanager.Mostnewcarsarebought_______creditbecausetheyareshortoffunds.TheynevergiveGeneanycredit______alltheextraworkhedoes.Tocreditstoonforapply1.[V.]使用，運用Thenewtechnologywasapplied______farming.

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