Unit+5+The+Value+of+Money+單元知識點復(fù)習(xí)高一英語人教版（2019）必修第三冊

B3U5.LanguagePoints

知識點Ⅱ.拓展單詞1.______n.基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù)；基點→_____n.根基；基底；底座；v.以…為據(jù)點→______adj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的basisbasebasic2._________vi.道歉；謝罪→________n.道歉；辯護(hù)；辯解apologiseapology3.________n.（書、戲劇或電影中的）敘述者；講述者；（電視節(jié)目中的）幕后解說員→_________n.敘述；講述；解說narratornarration4.____vi.&

vt.（船）航行；（人）乘船航行→_______n.帆船運動；（乘帆船的）航行sailsailing詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P126）5.________n.耐心；忍耐力；毅力→_______adj.有耐心的

n.病人→_________adj.沒有耐心的→_________adv.耐心地patiencepatientimpatientpatiently6._________n.打算；計劃；意圖；目的→_______v.打算；計劃；想要intentionintend7.__________adv.最后；終于→________adj.最后的；最終的eventuallyeventual8.__________adv.順樓梯而下；在樓下；往樓下→（反義詞）________adv.在樓上；往樓上downstairsupstairs9.__________n.準(zhǔn)許；許可；批準(zhǔn)；許可證→_______vt.&

vi.允許；準(zhǔn)許permissionpermit10.________adj.外部的；外面的；外來的→（反義詞）________adj.內(nèi)部的；里面的externalinternalv.+-ion→n.v.+-or→n.narrate→narration

敘述；

解說instruct→instruction

教學(xué)；教誨；說明devote→devotion

獻(xiàn)身；奉獻(xiàn)；熱愛educate→education

教育；培養(yǎng)；訓(xùn)練narrate

→narrator

敘述者；講述者act→actor

男演員invest→investor

投資者visit→visitor

來訪者conduct→conductor

（合唱隊等的）指揮；列車長構(gòu)詞規(guī)律1.____the

basis

of在某事的基礎(chǔ)上；根據(jù)某事on2.___return作為回報；作為回應(yīng)in3.___a

matter

of

fact事實上；其實；說真的as4.____accident偶然地；意外地by5.____duty值班；值勤on6.___that

case既然那樣；假使那樣的話in7.in

a...manner______________________________________以一種…的方式；帶著一副…的樣子短語背誦8.take

out

a

loan__________取得貸款9.make

a

bet________打個賭10.be

about

to

do

sth______________________即將或正要（做某事）11.to

be

honest__________________說實話；坦率地說12.to...extent__________________________到……程度；在……程度上13.ought

to____________應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當(dāng)14.be

willing

to

do

sth__________________愿意或樂意做某事15.in

case________________以防；以防萬一1.

basis

n.［C］

基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù)

＊base

v.以……為依據(jù)on

the

basis

of

在某事的基礎(chǔ)上；根據(jù)某事on

the

basis

that

基于on

a

daily/day-to-day/weekly/

regular

basis按每天/每日/每周一次/定期的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)be

based

on

以……為基礎(chǔ)（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P128）融會應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空（1）Don't

evaluate

a

person

on____basis

of

appearance.the（2）I

suggested

that

we

meet____a

regular

basis

to

discuss

the

progress.on（3）The

novel_________（base）

on

historical

facts.is

based2.

apologise

vi.道歉；謝罪

＊apology

n.道歉；歉意apologise

to

sb

for

（doing）

sth

因（做）某事而向某人道歉accept

sb's

apology

接受某人的道歉owe

sb

an

apology

應(yīng)該向某人表示歉意make

an

apology

to

sb

for

（doing）

sth

因（做）某事而向某人道歉（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P129）融會應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空（1）I

must

apologize___you

for

coming

late.to（2）I

should

make

an

apology

to

him____what

I

said.for（3）He

accepted

the________（apologise）

with

great

generosity.apologyⅡ.一句多譯他因自己的粗魯行為而向她道歉。（4）_______________________________________.（apologise）He

apologised

to

her

for

his

rude

behavior.（5）_____________________________________________.（apology）He

made

an

apology

to

her

for

his

rude

behavior.3.

ignore

vt.忽視；不理睬

＊ignorant

adj.無知的；無學(xué)識的；愚昧的

＊ignorance

n.無知；愚昧ignorance

of/about

對……無知be

ignorant

of/about

sth

（對某事物）不了解的be

ignorant

that...

不知道……（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P129）融會應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空（1）It's

dangerous_________（ignore）

traffic

rules.to

ignore（2）I

am

quite

ignorant________what

they

intend

to

do.of/about（3）He

speaks

in

a

disordered

manner，which

betrays

his

shallowness

and__________（ignore）.ignoranceⅡ.單句寫作（4）He

completely___________________（忽視所有的事實）

as

though

they

never

existed.ignored

all

the

facts（5）George_________________________（不理睬醫(yī)生的勸告）

about

drinking

and

smoking.ignored

his

doctor's

advice（6）She___________________（總是感到被忽視）

by

her

friends，which

makes

her

upset.always

feels

ignored（7）He________________________（不了解音樂）.is

ignorant

of/about

music4.

judge

v.判斷；評價；評判

n.法官；審判員；裁判員

＊judgement

n.判斷；裁判；判決書；辨別力judge...by/from...

根據(jù)……判斷as

far

as

I

can

judge

據(jù)我判斷；我以為judging

by/from

從……上看；根據(jù)……判斷當(dāng)judging

from/by...置于句首作狀語時，動詞-ing形式不受主語的限制，構(gòu)成獨立成分。具有類似用法的單詞或短語還有considering、generally

speaking、frankly

speaking等。（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P130）融會應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空（1）Never

judge

a

book________its

cover.by/from（2）It

was

due

to

luck

rather

than__________（judge）

that

the

driver

succeeded

in

avoiding

the

accident.judgementⅡ.單句寫作（3）It

is

only

shallow

people

who______________（根據(jù)……判斷）

appearances.judge

by/from（4）___________________________（從他說的情況來看），they

ought

to

succeed.Judging

by/from

what

he

said5.

in

return

作為報答；作為回應(yīng)；反過來；作為交換in

return

for

作為對……的回報；答謝in

turn

逐一；依次by

turns

輪流；交替；時而（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P130）融會應(yīng)用

用return或turn的相關(guān)短語填空（1）He

gave

her

some

roses____________her

kindness.in

return

for（2）_________，

I

will

help

you

with

your

spoken

English.In

return（3）The

teacher

told

us

to

come

in_______.in

turn（4）The

shop

assistants

had

to

have

their

days

off_________.by

turns6.

scene

n.（戲劇或歌劇的）場；現(xiàn)場；場面；景色；風(fēng)景on

the

scene

在現(xiàn)場come

on

the

scene

出現(xiàn)；到來；上場behind

the

scenes

在幕后；暗中（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P133）（戲?。┮粓霈F(xiàn)場景色scene、view、scenery和sight的用法辨析：scene指局部的或周圍的環(huán)境、風(fēng)景、景色，尤其與觀看者看法有關(guān)，也可指戲劇、電影、小說等場景、布景view常指從遠(yuǎn)處或高處看到的scenery的一部分，有時可與scene互換scenery指某地總的自然風(fēng)景或景色，尤指美麗的鄉(xiāng)間景色sight既可以指場景、眼前看到的景觀又可以指名勝、風(fēng)景，只是在表示后者的含義時，必須用復(fù)數(shù)融會應(yīng)用

用scene、scenery、view、sight的適當(dāng)形式填空

The______of

the

village

from

the

mountain

is

splendid.

As

we

approached

the

village，we

were

astonished

by

the________.It

was

completely

different

from

the______in

big

cities.

Seeing

the_______of

my

friends'

taking

photos

and

admiring

the

beautiful________happily，I

was

sure

that

this

trip

would

be

a

good

memory

forever.viewscenerysightsscenesscenery7.

bet

n.打賭；賭注

vi.

&

vt.下賭注；用…打賭

vt.敢說bet---bet---bet（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P133）make/have

a

bet

打賭make

a

bet

on

sth

with

sb

和某人就某事打賭have

a

bet

on...

在……上下賭注win/lose

a

bet

打賭贏/輸了the/your

best

bet

最好的辦法bet

on

sth

就某事打賭8.

spot

vt.看見；注意到；發(fā)現(xiàn)

n.地點；處所；斑點；污漬

spotted

adj.有斑點的；有小圓點的spot

sb

doing...

發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做……on

the

spot=on

the

scene

當(dāng)場；在現(xiàn)場（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P134）spot作“地點”講，用作定語從句的先行詞時，從句如果缺少狀語,則用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句如果缺少主語或賓語,則用that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句。融會應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）He_______（spot）

his

old

friend

in

the

crowd

at

once

yesterday.spotted（2）He

spotted

his

friend_______（talk）with

someone

in

the

distance.talking（3）He

answered

the

question____the

spot.on（4）Climate

change

will

fuel

the

growth

of

phytoplankton

（浮游植物）

in

some

areas，while

reducing

it

in

other______（spot），leading

to

changes

in

the

ocean's

appearance.spots（5）The

spot_______________the

accident

happened

is

the

turning

point

of

the

road.where/on

which9.

dare

v.膽敢；敢于dare

to

do

sth

敢做某事dare

sb

to

do

sth

問某人敢不敢做某事；激某人做某事（1）dare用作實義動詞時，有時態(tài)和人稱的變化，用do、does或did來構(gòu)成否定句或疑問句。（2）dare意為“敢”時，指“勇敢”，含有大膽、魯莽、愛冒險，或因愛慕虛榮而甘冒生命或受懲罰的危險的意味，后面通常接動詞不定式，有時可省略不定式符號to。一般不用于進(jìn)行時。（3）dare用作情態(tài)動詞時，它的一般過去式是dared，否定形式是dare

not。（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P134）融會應(yīng)用

翻譯句子（1）他不敢和她說話。____________________________________________________He

didn't

dare

to

speak

to

her./He

dared

not

speak

to

her.（2）她不敢看他。_______________________________________________________She

did

not

dare

to

look

at

him./She

dared

not

look

at

him.（3）她問他敢不敢跟著她跳水。______________________________She

dared

him

to

dive

after

her.（4）我看你敢不敢請她跳舞。_____________________________I

dare

you

to

ask

her

to

dance.10.patience

n.耐心；忍耐力；毅力

＊patient

adj.耐心的

n.病人have

patience

with

對……有耐心be/get

out

of

patience

with=lose

patience

with

對……失去耐心be

patient

with

對……有耐心融會應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）He

is

just

a

small

child，so

you

must

be_______（patience）with

him.patient（2）Teachers

should

be_______（patience）in

explaining

texts.patient（3）—You

see，Bob

is

a

little

slow

in

understanding.—So

I

have

to

be

patient_____him.with（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P135）11.

indicate

vt.

&

vi.表明；顯示vt.象征；暗示

indication

n.跡象；表示；標(biāo)示indicate...to

sb

向某人指出；向某人表示indicate

that...示意；預(yù)示indicate

wh-從句

表明；指出indicate后不接雙賓語，接sb前需加介詞to，即indicate

sth

to

sb，不可說成indicate

sb

sth，有類似用法的還有explain。（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P135）融會應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）There

are

a

lot

of

signs__________（indicate）

men

are

more

likely

to

have

heart

attacks

than

women.indicating（2）There

are

clear_________（indicate）that

the

economy

is

improving.indications（3）In

his

letter

he

indicated___us

that

he

was

willing

to

cooperate.to12.

postpone

vt.延遲；延期；延緩postpone

sth

推遲某事postpone

doing

sth

推遲做某事融會應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）Henry

decided___________（postpone）

the

expedition

until

the

following

day.to

postpone（2）Let's

postpone________（make）

a

decision

until

we

have

more

information.making（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P136）13.

by

accident偶然地；意外地by

chance

偶然地；意外地by

design

有意地；故意地by

mistake

錯誤地on

purpose

故意地融會應(yīng)用

單句寫作（1）I

don't

know

whether

they

did

it_______________________.我不知道他們這樣做是偶然地還是故意地。by

accident

or

by

design（2）I

took

your

bag

instead

of

mine___________.我沒有拿我的包，

而是錯拿了你的包。by

mistake（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P136）14.

to

be

honest

說實話；老實說be

honest

about

sth

對某事坦誠be

honest

with

sb

對某人坦誠其他常見的能作插入語的動詞不定式短語還有to

be

brief“簡單說；簡言之”、to

be

exact“確切地說”、to

make

matters

worse“更糟糕的是”、to

conclude“最后”等。（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P136）15.

be

about

to

（do

sth）

即將或正要（做某事）（1）表示即將發(fā)生的動作，在時間上指最近的將來。The

new

school

year

is

about

to

begin.新學(xué)年即將開始。（2）在含有be

about

to

do的句子中，不能再加時間狀語。醫(yī)療隊就要出發(fā)了。The

medical

team

is

about

to

start

immediately.（×）The

medical

team

is

about

to

start.（√）（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P137）（3）be

doing...when...正在做……這時突然……

be

on

the

point

of

doing...when...正要做…這時（突然）…

beabouttodosthwhen...

正要做…這時（突然）…

had

just

done...when...剛做完…這時（突然）……when在這里是并列連詞1.我們正在看電視，這時候媽媽進(jìn)來了。

WewerewatchingTVwhenourmomcamein.2.她正要出去,電話鈴響了。

Shewasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthetelephonerang.=Shewasabouttooutwhenthetelephonerang.3.我剛做完我的作業(yè)，這時突然有人敲門了。

Ihadjustfinishedmyhomeworkwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.表示“打算做某事”的短語還有be

going

to

do

sth、intend

to

do

sth、plan

to

do

sth、mean

to

do

sth、aim

to

do

sth等。融會應(yīng)用

單句寫作（1）The

train__________________and

I

was

not

even

on

the

platform.火車就快開了，可我還沒到站臺。was

about

to

leave（2）I______________________when

the

telephone

rang.我正要睡覺，電話響了。was

about

to

go

to

bed16.

find+賓語+賓語補足語（介詞短語、形容詞、名詞和分詞。）

“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物……”find+sb/sth

doing

發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物在做……（表示主動和正在進(jìn)行）find

sb/sth

done

發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物……（表示被動或狀態(tài)）find+it+adj.+to

do

sth...

覺得做某事……find

oneself

in/at...

發(fā)覺自己在某處/處于……另外，后面常接復(fù)合賓語的動詞有see、hear、watch、notice、have等。即：see/hear/watch/notice/have+賓+賓補（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P137）融會應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空（1）I

found

myself___________（surround）

by

a

group

of

children

full

of

curiosity.surrounded（2）Tom

found

himself_______（walk）in

the

direction

of

Mike's

house.walking（3）I

found

it

very___________（challenge）

to

collect

information

and

use

language

correctly.challengingⅡ.翻譯句子（4）一回到家，他就發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被粉刷過了。___________________________________________________________________________________________On

his

arrival

at

home，he

found

the

house

painted./On

arriving

home，he

found

the

house

painted.17.

“it

was...that...”強調(diào)句型（1）強調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It

is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他部分。強調(diào)句型多用于強調(diào)句子的主語、賓語和狀語。（2）強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句：Is/Was

it+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他部分？（3）強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句：疑問詞（被強調(diào)部分）+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分？（4）not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào)句型：It

is/was

not

until...that...。（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P138）融會應(yīng)用

用強調(diào)句型強調(diào)下列句子中的畫線部分（1）I

didn't

leave

until

he

came._________________________________It

was

not

until

he

came

that

I

left.（2）Whodoes

this

bag

belong

to？__________________________________Who

is

it

that

this

bag

belongs

to？（3）I

wonder

what

you

were

doing

at

this

time

yesterday.___________________________________________________________I

wonder

what

it

was

that

you

were

doing

at

this

time

yesterday.（4）He

came

to

see

us

yesterday._____________________________________It

was

yesterday

that

he

came

to

see

us.18.

pursue

vt.追求；致力于

pursuer

n.追求者；追捕者pursuit

n.追趕；追求；職業(yè)；工作

（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P140）pursue

a

goal/dream

追求目標(biāo)/夢想pursue

a

thief

追小偷pursue

one's

own

end

追求自己的目標(biāo)in

pursuit

of

追求in

hot

pursuit窮追不舍19.

hesitate

v.猶豫；躊躇；遲疑；顧慮

hesitation

n.

躊躇；猶豫hesitate

about/over

sth

對某事猶豫不決hesitate

to

do

sth

猶豫做某事don't

hesitate

to

do

sth

不要猶豫做某事without

hesitation

毫不猶豫地have

no

hesitation

in

doing

sth

毫不猶豫地做某事（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P140）融會應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）She

hesitated_________（spend）

so

much

money

on

such

a

dress.to

spend（2）I

didn't

hesitate

for

a

moment__________taking

the

job.about/over（3）Harry

dived

into

the

river

and

saved

the

drowning

child

without

_________（hesitate）.hesitation（4）Since

then，I

have

not

hesitated______（be）

in

the

presence

of

others，especially

when

they

need

company.to

be（5）Please

have

no

hesitation___writing

to

me

if

you

want

me

to

do

something

for

you

in

China.in20.

in

case

以防；以防萬一in

case

of

如果；假使in

any

case

無論如何；不管怎樣in

no

case

在任何情形下決不（放在句首句子部分倒裝）in

this/that

case

既然這樣/那樣；假若是這樣/那樣的話as

is

often

the

case

（with）

對……來說是常有的事（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P141）融會應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）I'll

be

out

for

some

time.

In

case

anything

important________（happen），call

me

up

immediately.happens（2）____is

often

the

case，she

is

punctual.As（3）Today，we'll

discuss

a

number

of

cases_______beginners

of

English

fail

to

use

the

language

properly.where21.

option

n.可選擇的事物；選擇；選擇權(quán)

optional

adj.可選擇的；

選修的have

no

choice/option

but

to

do

sth

別無選擇只得做某事（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P146）融會應(yīng)用

單句寫作（2）We__________________________________the

match.

除了放棄這場比賽，

我們沒有別的選擇。have

no

option/choice

but

to

give

up22.

permission

n.準(zhǔn)許；許可；批準(zhǔn)；許可證

＊permit

v.準(zhǔn)許；允許

n.許可證with/without

one's

permission

獲得某人同意/未經(jīng)某人允許ask

for

permission

請求允許permit

sb

to

do

sth

允許某人做某事permit

doing

sth

允許做某事a

driving

permit

駕駛執(zhí)照（導(dǎo)學(xué)案P147）動詞permit的常見用法為permit

doing

sth

/sb

to

do

sth，與其用法類似的動詞還有allow、forbid、advise等。allow

doing

sth/sb

to

do

sth

允許（某人）做某事forbid

doing

sth/sb

to

do

sth

禁止（某人）做某事advise

doing

sth/sb

to

do

sth

建議（某人）做某事融會應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）The

party

will

be

held

in

the

garden，weather________（permit）.permitting（2）With

her

parents'__________（permit），she

j